Name: 為什麼你無法搭船遊覽夏威夷各島嶼？ (Why You Can't Travel Between Hawaii's Islands by Boat)
Uploaded: 2026-02-09T17:20:06.000Z
Duration: 24 min 44 s

Out of all of America's 50 states, Hawaii is arguably its most unique.

在美國的50個州裡，夏威夷可以說是獨一無二的。

情態副詞

It's the only state to be geographically located outside of the North American continent.

它是唯一一個地理位置不在北美大陸的州。

分詞構句

It's America's most recent state, having only been admitted to the Union in August of 1959.

它是美國最新的州，於1959年8月才加入聯邦。

It is by far the most ethnically diverse state and the only state where Asian Americans make up the single largest ethnic group.

它是種族多元化程度最高的州，也是亞裔美國人佔單一最大族群的唯一州。

It's the most expensive state to live in in the country.

And most notably, it is the only state made up of an archipelago that consists entirely of islands.

最值得注意的是，它是唯一一個由群島組成的州，而且完全由島嶼組成。

And because of that, as you'd expect, transportation throughout Hawaii works very differently than it does in other states because of the population being divided across all these different islands.

是以，正如你所預期的，夏威夷的交通運輸方式與其他州截然不同，因為人口分散在這些不同的島嶼上。

The Hawaiian archipelago is made up of 137 different islands, but

夏威夷群島由137個不同的島嶼組成，但

there's really only four of them that have significant numbers of people.

其中只有四個島嶼有相當多的人口。

Oahu, the most heavily populated island that's home to Honolulu and Pearl harbor, has around a million people that live on it, which all on its own, is about 2/3 of the state of Hawaii's entire population.

歐胡島是人口最多的島嶼，也是檀香山和珍珠港的所在地，約有百萬人居住，這就佔了夏威夷州總人口的2/3。

The Big island has about another 200,000 people, Maui another 164,000 more, and

大島約有另外二十萬人，茂宜島約有十六萬四千人，

Kauai about another 73,000 more, representing the four primary majorly populated islands in the state.

可愛島約有另外七萬三千人，這構成了州內四個主要人口稠密的島嶼。

While the islands of Molokai and Lanai have significantly fewer numbers of people.

而摩洛凱島和拉奈島的人口則少得多。

And the other islands have either negligible or non existent populations.

其他島嶼的人口則微乎其微或根本沒有。

And the distances between all of these islands are larger than you'd expect.

而且這些島嶼之間的距離比你預期的還要大。

The distance between Oahu and Kauai is about 100 miles, and

歐胡島到可愛島的距離約為一百英里，

the distance from Oahu to the Big island is closer to 15050 miles, about the same distance as between New York City and Baltimore.

而歐胡島到大島的距離則接近一百五十英里，這與紐約市到巴爾的摩的距離差不多。

And because of the distances involved here between all of these islands and population centers, the only way to travel between them is by either flying or taking a boat.

由於這些島嶼之間以及與人口中心的距離，往返這些島嶼的唯一方式就是搭飛機或搭船。

But it might surprise you to learn that as of right now, in 2024, there isn't a single ferry service or regularly scheduled passenger maritime transportation option between any of the four main Hawaiian islands.

但你可能會驚訝地發現，在2024年的現在，四個主要的夏威夷島嶼之間，並沒有任何渡輪服務或定期班次的客運海上運輸選項。

And people very rarely travel between the islands by boat.

And in fact, the only regularly scheduled ferry service at all in Hawaii today just operates between the relatively nearby islands of Maui and Lanai.

而且事實上，在2024年的今天，夏威夷唯一有定期班次的渡輪服務，只在相對靠近的茂宜島和拉奈島之間營運。

Instead, if you ever want to travel between any other islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, your only realistic option is to fly between them.

取而代之的是，如果你想在夏威夷群島的其他島嶼之間旅行，你唯一的實際選擇就是搭飛機。

And so virtually all travel between Hawaii's main islands is dominated by very short haul flights run through carriers like Hawaiian Airlines.

是以，夏威夷主要島嶼之間的幾乎所有旅行，都是由像夏威夷航空這樣的航空公司經營的短程班機所主導。

And this situation appears rather puzzling at first glance, because ferries and maritime transit are a very common and popular form of transportation across several other archipelagic parts of the world, including in many areas that have significantly smaller population bases than Hawaii even has.

而且這種情況乍看之下似乎相當令人費解，因為在世界上許多其他群島地區，渡輪和海上運輸是一種非常普遍且受歡迎的交通方式，包括許多人口基數遠小於夏威夷的地區。

Take the Aegean Sea, for example, where there are dozens and dozens of Greek ferries that service dozens of islands and locations across the whole region, including many ferries that service very small islands with negligible populations, but

以愛琴海為例，那裡有數十艘希臘渡輪服務該地區的數十個島嶼和地點，包括許多服務人口可以忽略不計的小島的渡輪，但

這些島嶼卻有非常大的旅遊吸引力。

Across 2023, Hawaii received about a third as many tourists as Greece did, But

2023年，夏威夷的遊客數量約為希臘的三分之一，但

their spending was roughly equivalent, with tourists to Hawaii spending nearly $21 billion in the state across 2023, and

他們的消費卻大致相當，2023年夏威夷遊客在該州的消費接近210億美元，而

tourists in Greece spending nearly $23 billion through the same time period, Implying that a ferry service across Hawaii's islands could or should be at least somewhat comparable to the very robust system of Greek ferries closer back to home in North America.

同期希臘遊客的消費接近230億美元，這意味著夏威夷群島之間的渡輪服務，至少應該能與北美地區更為熟悉的希臘渡輪系統相媲美。

There are three notable examples of ferry services that seem to make the lack of ferry services in Hawaii seem all the more puzzling.

有三個值得注意的渡輪服務案例，讓夏威夷缺乏渡輪服務這件事顯得更加令人費解。

The island of Newfoundland in Canada has a small population of only about 478,000 people, less than half the population of Oahu in Hawaii.

加拿大的紐芬蘭島人口很少，大約只有 478,000 人，不到夏威夷歐胡島人口的一半。

And it's also located about 100 miles away from the Canadian mainland.

而且它離加拿大大陸大約也有 100 英里遠。

In Nova Scotia, a similar distance is between the islands of Oahu and Maui, or Oahu and Kauai.

在諾瓦斯科細亞，這個距離和夏威夷歐胡島到茂宜島，或是歐胡島到可愛島的距離差不多。

And yet there are two active ferry lines that run from the island to Nova Scotia.

然而，卻有兩條活躍的渡輪航線從該島往返諾瓦斯科細亞。

A shorter ferry from Port au Basque that takes about seven hours to complete and a longer ferry from Argentia that takes about 16 hours to complete.

一條是從 Port au Basque 出發的短程渡輪，航程大約七小時；另一條是從 Argentia 出發的長程渡輪，航程大約 16 小時。

Lengths of time though be comparable to ferries between the islands of Hawaii.

這些航程時間其實跟夏威夷島嶼之間的渡輪差不多。

Washington State also operates a system of ferries across their island communities throughout the Puget Sound.

華盛頓州也在普吉特海灣的各個島嶼社區營運渡輪系統。

And perhaps most notably, Alaska operates a complex system of ferries across enormous distances that link several small communities together from Bellingham, Washington, all throughout the Alaskan panhandle and the Aleutian Islands.

或許最值得一提的是，阿拉斯加營運著一個複雜的渡輪系統，橫跨廣闊的距離，將許多小型社區連接起來，從華盛頓州的貝靈漢，一路延伸到整個阿拉斯加狹長地帶和阿留申群島。

A ferry system that is notable in the context of Hawaii because the distances involved are substantially longer, and

這個渡輪系統在夏威夷的脈絡下特別值得關注，因為它所涉及的距離更長，而且

Alaska's population base is only about half that of Hawaii's.

阿拉斯加的人口只有夏威夷的一半左右。

So why does Hawaii essentially not have any ferry service at all compared to all of these other examples?

那為什麼跟其他這些例子比起來，夏威夷幾乎沒有任何渡輪服務呢？

And why is it that in order to travel between the Hawaiian islands, you nearly always have to fly rather than take a boat?

為什麼要在夏威夷的島嶼之間旅行，幾乎總是得搭飛機，而不是搭船？

First of all, it's important to note that Hawaii has actually had large scale ferry services between their major islands in the past, but

首先，值得注意的是，夏威夷過去其實有過連接主要島嶼的大規模渡輪服務，但

they've all failed for a complex list of reasons that largely has to do with the nature of Hawaii's unique geography and population patterns.

由於夏威夷獨特的地理和人口模式，種種複雜的原因導致它們都失敗了。

The most serious attempt at establishing a reliable ferry service connecting Hawaii's major islands together was called the Hawaii Super Ferry throughout the decade of the 2000s, and

在2000年代，試圖建立連接夏威夷主要島嶼的可靠渡輪服務中最認真的一次，叫做 Hawaii Super Ferry，而且

Planning for the super ferry began in 2001 by a private company that sought to offer up an alternative way from the airlines to travel between the Hawaiian islands that would be quick, cheap, and

這艘超級渡輪的規劃始於2001年，由一傢俬人公司提出，希望能提供一種除了搭飛機之外，能快速、便宜地往返夏威夷島嶼的旅行方式，而且

most importantly, would enable people to easily transport their own personal vehicles and belongings between the islands as well.

最重要的是，能讓大家輕鬆地在島嶼之間運送自己的個人車輛和行李。

At the time, it seemed like a virtually untapped market, egged on by the Hawaii Super Ferry Company's statistic that in 2001, Hawaii's own residents, excluding tourists, took around 4 million flights between the islands throughout the year, implying that the parallel demand for a ferry was there that wasn't currently being serviced.

當時，這似乎是一個幾乎未被開發的市場，夏威夷超級渡輪公司提供的數據也推波助瀾，該數據顯示在2001年，夏威夷居民（不含遊客）全年搭乘了約400萬次的島際班機，這暗示著對渡輪服務的需求也同樣存在，只是當時沒有被滿足。

By 2004, the company signed a contract with a shipyard in Alabama to build out the first two of their Hawaiian ferries for a total sum of $178 million, or $89 million apiece, which inflated to $2024 was about $332 million for the two of them.

到了2004年，公司跟阿拉巴馬州的一家造船廠簽約，要建造兩艘夏威夷渡輪，總價是1.78億美元，平均一艘8900萬美元，換算到2024年，兩艘的總價大約是3.32億美元。

A few years later, by 2007, the Hawaii Super Ferry was finally ready to begin launching its master plan that envisioned regularly scheduled ferry service between all four of Hawaii's majorly populated islands.

幾年後，到了2007年，夏威夷超級渡輪終於準備好要開始執行它的宏大計畫，這個計畫設想在夏威夷四個主要人口島嶼之間提供定期的渡輪服務。

But the company almost immediately began encountering significant difficulties.

但公司幾乎馬上就開始遇到嚴重的困難。

First up, there were numerous environmental concerns and risks brought up surrounding the ferry in court.

首先，法庭上提出了許多關於這艘渡輪的環境疑慮和風險。

Many of the ferry routes between the islands crisscrossed over well established and mapped out routes of humpback whale migration paths, which led to concerns that the huge sizes of the ferries could impact and kill whales and cause other environmental destruction for Hawaii's unique marine life ecosystem.

許多島嶼之間的渡輪航線，都與已建立且標示清楚的座頭鯨遷徙路線重疊，這引起了擔憂，因為渡輪巨大的體積可能會影響並殺死鯨魚，並對夏威夷獨特的海洋生態系統造成其他環境破壞。

And more pressingly, there was the concern that the ferries could spread invasive species throughout the rest of Hawaii as well as as a series of geographically isolated islands far removed from the rest of the world.

更緊迫的是，大家擔心渡輪可能會將外來物種傳播到夏威夷的其他地方，以及傳播到一系列地理上孤立、遠離世界其他地方的島嶼。

Hawaii's ecosystem is uniquely delicate and fragile, and

the state is by far the most serious about invasive species in the country.

而且該州對外來物種的重視程度是全國最高的。

The Big island has already seen several notable invasive species like fire ants, koqui frogs, and

大島已經出現了好幾種顯著的外來物種，像是火蟻、科奎蛙，

Eulik's plants establish a strong enough of a foothold there that eradicating them has effectively become impossible, leaving the Hawaiian state government with the unenviable goal of preventing their spread to the rest of the islands as much as possible and containing them to the Big island as much as they can.

還有尤利克植物，它們在那裡已經站穩了腳跟，根除它們幾乎是不可能的，這讓夏威夷州政府面臨著一個艱鉅的目標，就是要盡可能防止它們擴散到其他島嶼，並盡可能將它們限制在大島上。

The biggest fear was that ferries loading up people's personal vehicles could accidentally transport these kinds of invasive species between the islands far easier than people flying between them on airplanes could.

大家最擔心的是，渡輪載運民眾的私人車輛，會比搭飛機更容易意外地在島嶼間傳播這些外來物種。

It also didn't help that by the time the ferry finally began its operation between Oahu and Maui in 2007, they still hadn't completed an environmental impact statement that was required by Hawaii state law.

而且，到了2007年渡輪終於開始在歐胡島和茂宜島之間營運時，他們還沒完成夏威夷州法規定的環境影響報告，這也無濟於事。

The Hawaii Supreme Court eventually ruled that the Super Ferry could continue its operation while the environmental impact statement was busy being prepared.

夏威夷最高法院最終裁定，在環境影響報告準備期間，超級渡輪可以繼續營運。

But that did little to halt the torrent of environmental lawsuits being dumped on the company, which steadily increased the company's litigation costs and made it increasingly difficult for them to remain financially afloat.

但這對阻止公司湧入的環境訴訟毫無幫助，訴訟不斷增加公司的訴訟成本，讓他們越來越難維持財務周轉。

And if all of that wasn't enough, the Super Ferry idea was hitting many, many other roadblocks as well.

如果這些還不夠，超級渡輪這個想法還面臨著許多、許多的其他阻礙。

As it turned out, another major problem for ferries in Hawaii was the fact that the waters around the islands are notoriously rough, especially compared to the waters where those other ferries I mentioned previously operate in Alaska and Washington State.

結果發現，夏威夷渡輪的另一個大問題是，島嶼周圍的海水出了名地洶湧，特別是跟先前提到的阿拉斯加和華盛頓州那些渡輪營運的海域相比。

These ferries all operate nearby to their respective continental coastal shelves, where the waters are relatively shallow and calmer.

這些渡輪都靠近各自的大陸沿海棚架營運，那裡的水域相對較淺且平靜。

But Hawaii doesn't really have a continental shelf in the same kind of way, because the Hawaiian Islands are all volcanic in origin and are basically just the tips of underwater mountains that rise miles up from the seafloor to penetrate just above the ocean's surface.

但夏威夷並沒有真正意義上的大陸棚，因為夏威夷群島都是火山形成的，基本上只是從海床上拔高數英里、冒出海面的水下山脈的頂端。

As a result, the depths of the waters between the Hawaiian Islands are often very high, such as in the channel between Maui and the Big island.

結果，夏威夷群島之間的水域深度通常很高，例如茂宜島和夏威夷大島之間的通道。

That's more than 6,000 thousand feet deep, significantly deeper than the average depth seen in even the Mediterranean Sea.

那裡有超過六千英尺深，比地中海的平均深度還要深得多。

The name for this narrow and deep channel in the Hawaiian language is the Alanui Haha Channel, which roughly translates into English as the great billow smashing channel, which should give you some kind of an idea as to how rough the waters here can get as the currents surge through the deep chasm between Maui and the Big Island.

夏威夷語中，這個狹窄而深邃的通道叫做 Alanui Haha Channel，大致翻譯成英文是「巨浪衝擊通道」，這應該能讓你大致瞭解這裡的水流有多湍急，因為洋流會在茂宜島和夏威夷大島之間這深邃的峽谷中穿梭。

The depths seen between the channels of the other islands are similarly deep and the waters in between similarly rough as well, which means that ferry passages between the Hawaiian Islands are effectively done over open ocean, which means that the ferries involved in the passages need to be ocean rated, requiring them to be larger and more sturdy and more expensive vessels than you would otherwise see in Alaska or in Washington State.

其他島嶼之間的通道深度也差不多這麼深，水域也同樣 rough，這表示夏威夷群島之間的渡輪航行基本上是在公海上進行，也就是說，參與航行的渡輪必須是「遠洋級」的，需要比你在阿拉斯加或華盛頓州看到的船隻更大、更堅固、也更昂貴。

And because of the distances between the main islands covering 100 nautical miles or more, the journeys on the Super Ferry between the islands would last for six to eight hours, or in some cases, even longer, through waters that were often very rough, meaning that seasickness was a common ailment among passengers traveling aboard.

而且由於主要島嶼之間的距離長達一百海浬或更多，Super Ferry 在島嶼間的航程會持續六到八小時，甚至更久，航行在經常非常洶湧的海面上，這意味著暈船是乘客的常見病症。

If you were a resident of Hawaii and you wanted to travel from one island to another island, you could opt to take the ferry which might take you up to 8 hours to complete might result in you getting severely seasick along the way.

如果你是夏威夷居民，想從一個島嶼到另一個島嶼，你可以選擇搭渡輪，這可能需要八小時才能完成，而且途中可能會讓你嚴重暈船。

And because it would take you another eight hours or so to get back to your home island, you couldn't really make a day trip out of the ferry journey.

而且由於回到你的家鄉島嶼也需要再花八小時左右，所以你沒辦法真的把渡輪旅程當作一日遊。

So once you get to the other island, you would need to compete with all of the tourists for a hotel for the night.

所以一旦你到了另一個島嶼，你就得跟所有遊客搶飯店過夜。

Which adds onto the costs and practicality of the ferry journey even more.

這又增加了渡輪旅程的成本和實際考量。

When you factor all of that in and then you consider that a round trip flight between the islands is often only a little more than $100 and takes less than an hour each way, the price of flying between the islands is often cheaper and faster and less likely to make you sick.

當你把這些都考慮進去，然後再想想島嶼之間的來回機票通常只比一百美元多一點，而且單程不到一小時，那麼島嶼之間的飛行價格通常更便宜、更快，而且比較不容易讓你生病。

Which to most people still made flying between the islands the more obvious choice to choose instead of taking the ferry.

對大多數人來說，這仍然讓島嶼之間的飛行成為比搭渡輪更明顯的選擇。

There's also just not really a big pent up demand for residents on the Hawaiian Islands to actually commute between the islands all that often.

夏威夷居民其實也沒有太大的動力需要經常往返各個島嶼。

Oahu, as the economic and population center of the islands, is home to most of the state's major events like concerts and most of the state's good hospitals and medical care.

歐胡島作為群島的經濟和人口中心，舉辦了州內大部分的大型活動，像是演唱會，還有州內大部分的優質醫院和醫療照護。

Which means that for the most part, the residents out on the other main islands usually only go into Oahu at most a couple or so times a year for special events or for medical care.

這表示，大部分其他主要島嶼的居民，一年最多隻會去歐胡島幾次，參加特別活動或就醫。

And for those purposes, they're going to be more likely to fly than to take the ferry.

而為了這些目的，他們搭飛機的機率會比搭渡輪高。

As a result, it was perceived by a lot of Hawaii's residents that the people most likely to utilize the inter island ferry service were going to be tourists instead of of locals.

結果，夏威夷的許多居民認為，最有可能使用島際渡輪服務的會是遊客，而不是當地人。

Tourists who would bring their rental cars with them from Oahu and clog up the more limited infrastructure and roads on the less developed major islands.

遊客會帶著他們從歐胡島租來的車，塞爆那些基礎設施和道路較為有限、開發程度較低的主要島嶼。

Which led to a lot of the residents on the islands of Kauai, Maui and the Big island fearing that the ferry service would contribute to further over tourism of their islands and led to a lot of opposition against the whole concept.

這讓可愛島、茂宜島和大島的居民擔心，渡輪服務會加劇他們島嶼的過度觀光問題，並導致對整個概念產生大量反對聲浪。

In the end, the Hawaii Super Ferry originally planned to establish regular and reliable ferry service between all four of the main Hawaiian islands, but

最後，夏威夷超級渡輪原本計畫在所有四個夏威夷主要島嶼之間建立常態且可靠的渡輪服務，但

only managed to establish service between Oahu and Maui.

卻只成功建立了歐胡島和茂宜島之間的服務。

Because of all of these compounding difficulties and due to all of those problems, along with potential lobbying from Hawaiian airlines and rental car companies who were probably concerned about losing out on inner island market share to the Super Ferry, the whole project wouldn't even survive for more than a couple years.

由於所有這些複雜的困難，以及所有這些問題，再加上夏威夷航空和租車公司可能擔心失去島內市場份額給超級渡輪而進行的遊說，整個計畫甚至無法存續超過幾年。

In 2009, less than two years after they began their service in 2007, the Hawaii Supreme Court ruled that their previous granting of The Super Ferry to continue without the full environmental impact statement being completed yet had been unconstitutional, and

2009年，也就是他們在2007年開始營運不到兩年後，夏威夷最高法院裁定，先前核準超級渡輪在尚未完成完整環境影響報告的情況下繼續營運，是不合憲法的，

the ferry service was immediately halted.

Up to that point, the Super Ferry had only managed to transport about 250,000 passengers between the islands that it serviced through the 11 months when it was allowed by the courts to operate, which was well below the ferry's break even costs and well below the volume of passengers flying between the islands.

截至當時，超級渡輪在獲法院允許營運的11個月內，僅成功載運了約25萬名乘客往返於其服務的島嶼之間，這遠低於渡輪的損益平衡成本，也遠低於島嶼間的飛行乘客量。

For reference, air carriers between Honolulu and Kadului, the largest city on the island of maui, fly about 4,890 seats between them each way per day.

作為參考，檀香山和茂宜島最大的城市卡胡盧伊之間的航空公司，每天每條航線約有4,890個座位。

While a 2017 ferry feasibility study conducted by the Hawaii state government concluded that even in an optimistic scenario, a ferry would only be capable of transporting 11% of those same numbers of seats along the same route.

而夏威夷州政府於2017年進行的一項渡輪可行性研究得出結論，即使在樂觀情況下，渡輪也只能運送相同座位數量的11%沿著同一航線。

Shortly after, the courts ordered the Super Ferry to halt its operations over the environmental concerns in 2009, the writing for the Super Ferry was on the wall, and

隨後不久，法院在2009年因環境問題下令超級渡輪停止營運，超級渡輪的末日已然來臨，

the company immediately suspended all of its services and let go of all of its employees.

公司立即暫停了所有服務並解僱了所有員工。

Within months, the company would declare bankruptcy, and it abandoned both of the ferries it had acquired.

幾個月內，公司便宣佈破產，並放棄了它所購置的兩艘渡輪。

Eventually, both of the company's ferries would be acquired by the US Navy in a fire sale for just $35 million, a tiny fraction of their original $180 million price tag that the company had paid for them.

最終，公司的兩艘渡輪以3500萬美元的賤價被美國海軍收購，僅是公司當初支付1.8億美元原價的一小部分。

The entire debacle and catastrophic failure of the Hawaii Super Ferry that saw hundreds of millions of dollars basically lit on fire, has essentially ensured that nobody else will ever try establishing another ferry service in Hawaii for at least another two generations.

整個夏威夷超級渡輪的慘敗和災難性失敗，導致數億美元付諸東流，基本上確保了至少兩代人內，不會再有人嘗試在夏威夷建立另一個渡輪服務。

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為什麼你無法搭船遊覽夏威夷各島嶼？ (Why You Can't Travel Between Hawaii's Islands by Boat)

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