Name: 供應鏈專家有關於「中國製造業」的問題嗎？ | Tech Support | WIRED Japan (サプライチェーンの専門家だけど「中国の製造業」について質問ある？ | Tech Support | WIRED Japan)
Uploaded: 2026-02-03T18:30:41.000Z
Duration: 28 min 44 s

I'm a supply chain expert who helps founders start, scale and exit their businesses.

我是一位供應鏈專家，協助創業者創業、擴大規模並成功退出。

Let's answer your questions from the Internet.

DL Vermeer 問，Temu 為什麼這麼便宜？

Me trying to figure out how Temuo can afford a commercial every break when my cart of 104,564 items cost 90 cents.

我在想，當我那裝了 104,564 件商品的購物車才賣 90 美分時，Temu 怎麼能在每個廣告時段都請得起明星。

Answer, your information is more valuable than the items.

回答是，你的資訊比商品更有價值。

It used to be for the longest time that China and Chinese factories would produce everything but the brands were Western people wanted something that denoted quality, something that was familiar to them.

過去很長一段時間，中國和中國工廠生產一切，但品牌是西方的，人們想要能代表品質、讓他們感到熟悉的東西。

And so even though it may be completely produced in China, if it had Nike or Adidas or something like that, you felt better about it.

所以即使東西完全在中國製造，如果上面有 Nike 或 Adidas 之類的標誌，你就會感覺比較好。

What temu's done is it's not really a marketplace, it's actually a demand aggregation platform.

Temu 所做的，其實不是一個市集，它實際上是一個需求聚合平臺。

They're going to these factories and saying, hey, we want to make sure that your manufacturing lines are running.

他們會去這些工廠說，嘿，我們要確保你們的生產線都在運轉。

And so what they do is they go out and they acquire customers and, and

所以他們做的就是去獲取客戶，然後

they have gamification where they're able to basically sell that excess capacity.

他們有遊戲化機制，基本上可以賣掉那些閒置產能。

And so the key thing is if I was going to lose money anyways by keeping my factory idle, if I can make a dollar by selling a widget, I'm going to do that all day, every day.

所以關鍵是，如果我閒置工廠本來就會虧錢，那我賣個小零件能賺一塊錢，我每天都會這麼做。

If you look at temu, you'll see that what they offer changes from time to time.

如果你看看 Temu，你會發現他們提供的商品會隨時改變。

This is those factories with excess capacity saying, hey, I can make a car charger or I can make some gloves and just saying I have this amount that's available.

這些工廠有閒置產能，就會說，嘿，我可以做車充，也可以做手套，就說我有這些可用的產量。

And then TEMU goes through and prices accordingly to make sure that they're able to move that inventory.

然後 Temu 會根據這些來定價，確保他們能把庫存清掉。

And TEMU is a fascinating case study in just how a modern Chinese first brand has really locked onto the Western consumer to solve a capacity issue that China would have had if they had only been reliant on Western brands.

Temu 是一個有趣的案例研究，展示了一個現代中國品牌如何成功吸引西方消費者，解決中國如果只依賴西方品牌時會遇到的產能問題。

And so when I'm buying a pair of gloves for 90 cents, the likelihood that that factory had the best labor laws, the best outputs, the best sustainability capabilities is, is probably not 100%.

所以當我花 90 美分買一雙手套時，那間工廠擁有最佳勞工法、最佳產出、最佳永續能力的機率，大概不是百分之百。

The other part is that these, this factory ecosystem is extremely competitive.

另外一個部分是，這個工廠生態系競爭非常激烈。

And you look at Shein is another one that has just built this ecosystem where these factories are constantly vying for demand and volume and things like that because they operate on razor thin margins.

你看看 Shein 也是另一個建立起這種生態系的例子，這些工廠不斷爭取訂單和產量，因為他們的利潤非常微薄。

And so the name of the game is to make sure that they are pushing product out.

所以遊戲的目標就是確保他們能不斷出貨。

As soon as the product stops going out, then they run into an issue where they're, they're Underwater, they're losing money.

一旦產品停止出貨，他們就會遇到問題，陷入虧損，賠錢。

And so they will do next to anything just to make sure that their factories can running, that they can stay afloat.

所以他們會不擇手段，只為了確保工廠能繼續運作，能繼續維持下去。

Dankdubies420 asked if everything you own that was made in China, suddenly van what would you have left?

Dankdubies420 問，如果你擁有的所有中國製物品突然消失，你還剩下什麼？

There is one bucket of things that would still come from China that we wouldn't be able to get access to.

其中一類是我們仍然會從中國進口，但我們將無法取得的物品。

This would be things like consumer electronics.

這類物品像是消費性電子產品。

So I'm not talking about just cell phones, but chargers, cables, those things.

所以我不只是說手機，還有充電器、傳輸線這些東西。

You'd be unable to get them because there is so much density and capital efficiency that goes into producing them at scale that you can't just pick up that factory because it's a whole ecosystem of manufacturers that's missing the second bucket, which would be the biggest bucket.

你會拿不到這些東西，因為它們的生產規模有很高的密度和資本效率，你不可能隨便就搬走那座工廠，因為這是一個完整的製造商生態系統，而第二類別，也就是最大的類別，就會消失。

They may not be completely produced in China, but

它們可能不是完全在中國製造，但

they have significant subcomponents and raw materials that come from there.

卻有重要的零組件和原材料來自中國。

So a good example would be apparel and footwear.

所以服飾和鞋類就是個很好的例子。

Even though Vietnam, India, Bangladesh produce a lot of apparel products, these sorts of things are dependent on a Chinese supply chain.

即使越南、印度、孟加拉生產了很多服飾產品，這類東西都依賴中國的供應鏈。

And so you might expect these to be 80 to 100% more expensive if we didn't have Chinese support.

所以如果沒有中國的支持，你可能會預期這些東西會貴上80%到100%。

And lastly, there are some things that the US can produce and would produce and would be fine with.

最後，有些東西是美國可以生產、而且也會生產，並且會沒事的。

And these are going to be things like defense, aerospace, weapons, things that are highly automated that you could literally pick up the machine and move over because it doesn't require a whole lot of labor and it's fairly strategic.

這些東西會是國防、航太、武器，還有高度自動化的東西，你真的可以把機器搬過來，因為它不需要太多勞力，而且相當具戰略性。

Sam Datatola1 said so that's why I can't tell the difference between a good Chinese knockoff and the real deal.

Sam Datatola1 說，這就是為什麼我分不出好的中國仿冒品和真品。

A lot of people, when they look at something that's made in China, they will naturally think that it's low quality, cheap, not very durable.

很多人看到「中國製造」的東西，直覺就會覺得品質差、便宜、不太耐用。

And that may be true for some categories even today.

而且即使到現在，有些類別的東西可能還是這樣。

But as they have moved up the quality ecosystem, a lot of products coming from China are fantastic.

但隨著他們往高品質發展，很多來自中國的產品都非常棒。

And this is why a lot of big brands only source from China.

這也是為什麼很多大品牌都只跟中國採購。

You know, naturally when I see that something comes from France or Italy, I'm just assuming that it's better.

你知道，我看到東西來自法國或義大利，自然就會覺得比較好。

And that is a psychology thing, that's a branding thing.

這是一種心理作用，也是一種品牌形象。

I think earlier in 2025, when the trade war first heated up, there was this big push toward Chinese factories in particular, exposing the luxury suppliers that they were supporting.

我記得在 2025 年初，貿易戰剛開始升溫時，大家特別關注中國的工廠，也曝光了他們支持的奢侈品供應商。

They take almost finished bags from China factories and just do the repackaging and logo.

他們會從中國工廠拿幾乎做好的包包，然後再做重新包裝和加上 Logo。

That was kind of a conscious effort that a lot of trade Associations said say, hey, if you're going to put tariffs on us, then we're going to go after and puncture this veil that you have of, you know, Chinese goods being so low quality and basically showing, hey, I've got something that is 95% of the way done.

這其實是一種有意識的努力，許多貿易協會說，嘿，如果你們要對我們課徵關稅，那我們就會去戳破你們認為中國貨品質低落的迷思，並且展示，嘿，我這裡有已經完成了 95% 的東西。

Yeah, they may put the label on in qa but it's pretty good.

是的，他們可能會把標籤貼在品管時，但這已經很不錯了。

And so I think it was part of the geopolitical tool bag that China had to try to show that the west needed China.

所以我認為這是中國用來展示西方需要中國的地緣政治工具之一。

But it was also a way that they could show that they had higher quality capabilities than what most people thought.

但這也是他們展現自己擁有比大多數人想像中更高品質能力的一種方式。

You know, I think that had the trade war not started then they probably would have kept that secret a little bit longer.

我想，如果貿易戰沒有開始，他們可能會再保守這個祕密一陣子。

But this was the opportunity they were waiting for to show the world that they can make really high quality stuff.

但這是他們一直在等待的機會，向世界展示他們能製造出高品質的產品。

Aboon GM1 asked, why do you think Chinese government ban Nvidia, intel and chips now in China?

Aboon GM1 問，你認為中國政府現在為什麼要在中國禁止 Nvidia、Intel 和晶片？

The reality is, is that China wants these chips and it was the US that put the export controls on there saying, hey, we're not going to let you have these top of the line pieces.

事實是，中國想要這些晶片，是美國實施了出口管制，說，嘿，我們不會讓你們得到這些頂級的零組件。

A lot of this is geopolitical, a real concern that if China were to win in AI, that that would probably be the death knell in terms of American hegemony.

很多這都是地緣政治，一個真正的擔憂是，如果中國在 AI 領域獲勝，那很可能就是美國霸權的喪鐘。

And so by restricting these top of the line chips, what we were trying to do was to give US companies a couple year head start.

是以，透過限制這些頂級晶片，我們試圖做的是給予美國公司幾年的領先優勢。

And what it's done is kind of a bit of a back where China is still going to innovate, they're going to still be investing in AI and they are now pushing their own companies to develop something because their AI companies don't have Nvidia as an option.

而這反而讓中國更有動力去創新，他們還是會持續投資 AI，而且現在正推動自家公司開發相關技術，因為中國的 AI 公司已經無法取得 Nvidia 的晶片了。

And so the best thing that the US could have done actually is to continue to sell Nvidia or Intel chips, but

事實上，美國最好的做法其實是繼續賣 Nvidia 或 Intel 的晶片，但

maybe keep them a model or two below the cutting edge, these to keep the lock in so that these companies would still build and be dependent on these US designed chips.

或許是稍微落後頂尖技術一兩個世代的產品，這樣才能維持對美國設計晶片的依賴，讓這些公司持續研發並依賴它們。

Whereas now we've kind of created the situation where in a couple of years China will have chips that are probably as good as Nvidia's chips if not beginning to compete or out compete them.

但現在我們卻創造了這樣的局面，幾年後中國的晶片可能就跟 Nvidia 的一樣好，甚至開始能與之競爭或超越。

Asian afares asked how is damn near everything made in China?

Asian afares 問，中國製造的產品幾乎無所不包，這是怎麼回事？

When you go to China you've got certain cities that are known for electronics, certain cities that are known for apparel, certain cities that are known for zippers.

當你到中國，有些城市以電子產品聞名，有些城市以服飾聞名，有些城市則以拉鍊聞名。

This is because of the way that China built and nurtured these, these ecosystems.

這是因為中國建立和培育這些生態系的方式。

When companies came to Shenzhen, which was a fishing village 40 years ago, which is now, I think, the fastest growing city in the planet.

當有公司來到深圳，這裡 40 年前還是個漁村，現在據說是全球發展最快的城市。

This is because they initially invited a company in, Apple, among others, who decided that they were going to partner with a local contract manufacturer who's going to assemble their products.

這是因為他們最初邀請了 Apple 等公司進駐，而這些公司決定與當地的代工廠合作，由他們來組裝產品。

And then because they needed all these other suppliers and start making these other things, that network was built.

然後因為他們需要所有這些其他供應商並開始製造這些其他東西，這個網絡就建立起來了。

So China is able to make everything because they have very tight interconnected ecosystems.

所以中國能夠製造所有東西，因為他們有非常緊密連結的生態系統。

It's kind of like if you were going shopping and let's suppose you're having a dinner party and you want to serve pizza.

這有點像是如果你要去購物，假設你要辦個晚宴，想做披薩。

You could go to the butcher, you could go to the bakery, you could go to the farmer's market, or you could go to a supermarket that has all of those things.

你可以去肉舖、麵包店、農夫市集，或者去一傢什麼都有的超市。

China is kind of like the supermarket for these different things.

中國就像是這些不同東西的超級市場。

That's why, you know, there's, there's no place like China.

這就是為什麼，你知道，沒有地方像中國一樣。

We worked a lot of companies that when the tariffs first were announced, they said, hey, I need to be ABC anywhere but China.

我們跟很多公司合作，當關稅剛宣佈時，他們說，嘿，我需要 ABC，哪裡都可以，就是不要在中國。

And so we worked with them and tried to find folks in Mexico, Vietnam, Indonesia, and

所以我們跟他們合作，試著在墨西哥、越南、印尼等地尋找廠商，

我們也成功幫很多公司遷移了。

But a lot of these companies are now coming back to China because they recognize that it's not just about the, the person who's doing the final assembly, it's about all of the suppliers and having options and being able to iterate quickly.

但現在很多公司又回到中國，因為他們意識到，不只是最後組裝的人很重要，還有所有的供應商、擁有的選擇，以及能夠快速迭代也很重要。

So it is this entire ecosystem of people, products, machinery, regulations that allow them to be very diverse in the areas that they want to be at.

所以這就是整個生態系，包括人才、產品、設備、法規，讓他們能在想發展的領域非常多元。

A Quora user asked which countries, if any, are close to being able to compete with China in terms of manufacturing costs and quality.

有位 Quora 使用者問，哪些國家在製造的成本和品質上，有機會跟中國競爭？

It really depends on which industry you're looking at.

這真的要看你指的是哪個產業。

The US is looking to invest heavily into defense related industries, semiconductors, those sorts of things.

美國正打算大力投資國防相關產業、半導體，還有這類的東西。

So when I say semiconductor, I'm really talking about all of the chips that go into every product that we have that has an electronic pulse.

所以當我說半導體時，我其實是在說所有我們擁有的、有電子脈衝的產品裡面的晶片。

Today there are some cutting edge chips like you'd see AI chips that can do AI models, but

今天有一些尖端晶片，像是你可以看到的 AI 晶片，可以跑 AI 模型，但是

really the majority of the chips are things that power your toaster, your oven, things like that.

大部分的晶片其實是驅動你的烤麵包機、烤箱，還有類似東西的。

The CHIPS act, which was announced in the Biden administration was about a $55 billion investment.

CHIPS 法案，是在拜登政府時期宣佈的，大約有 550 億美元的投資。

However, China has had $50 billion invested by Western companies each year for the last 20 years.

不過，過去 20 年來，每年都有 500 億美元的西方公司投資在中國。

I think that when it comes to competing with China, we have to be very clear about where a country wants to compete.

我認為，在和中國競爭這件事上，我們要非常清楚一個國家想在哪裡競爭。

I don't think the intention here is to become the number one exporter of cell phone cables.

我不認為我們的目的是要成為手機線材的第一齣口國。

But the reality is is that there are certain things that when you look at them from a geopolitical lens, you want to be able to do it.

但現實是，有些事情從地緣政治的角度來看，你就是希望能夠做到。

And then from there they need to put the industrial policy in place.

然後從那裡開始，他們需要制定產業政策。

This means being a guaranteed buyer of some capacity.

這意味著要成為某些產能的保證買家。

It means making it very easy for these factories to be built, for the regulations to be curtailed.

這意味著讓這些工廠的設立變得非常容易，讓法規得到簡化。

So you're still protecting the environment, but

making it so that you're only going through one environmental review versus six.

讓審查流程從六個減少到一個。

China endured 20 to 25 years of pain in terms of low margin, lots of investment before they got to a point where they are now.

中國經歷了 20 到 25 年的低利潤、大量投資的痛苦，才走到現在的階段。

And so any country that's going to look to do that has to be willing to go through a similar level of pain because it isn't as simple as placing an order on Amazon and having a new industry.

所以任何國家如果想這麼做，都必須願意經歷類似程度的痛苦，因為這不像在 Amazon 下單然後就有一個新產業那麼簡單。

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供應鏈專家有關於「中國製造業」的問題嗎？ | Tech Support | WIRED Japan (サプライチェーンの専門家だけど「中国の製造業」について質問ある？ | Tech Support | WIRED Japan)

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