Name: 天文學家問你！「宇宙」你有什麼問題？ | Tech Support | WIRED Japan (天文学者だけど「宇宙」について質問ある？ | Tech Support | WIRED Japan)
Uploaded: 2026-01-23T18:31:13.000Z
Duration: 25 min 54 s

I'm Jackie Faraday from the American Museum of Natural History.

我是傑琪法拉第，來自美國自然史博物館。

Let's answer your questions from the Internet.

我們來回答大家從網路上提出的問題。

SupportJomer asks, hey, Siri, how old is the universe?

SupportJomer 問，嘿，Siri，宇宙有多老？

The universe is roughly 14 billion years old.

And we get to that answer by looking out into the cosmos and seeing the most distant things that we can.

我們之所以能得到這個答案，是因為我們觀察宇宙，看到我們所能看到的最遠的東西。

The most distant thing in the observable universe is the cosmic microwave background radiation.

在可觀測宇宙中最遠的東西，就是宇宙微波背景輻射。

And right behind me, we have a representation of what the cosmic microwave background radiation looks like.

而在我身後，我們有一個宇宙微波背景輻射樣貌的代表。

Bluer colors or redder colors, showing tiny temperature fluctuations for what might have been going on about 13.8 billion years ago.

藍色或紅色的顏色，顯示著大約 138 億年前可能發生的微小溫度波動。

Urposefully lit asks, so did we decide if 3i Atlas is a comet or an alien ship?

所以我們決定了 3i Atlas 是一個彗星還是一個外星飛船嗎？

At this point, I'm trying to see if I need to get my life together.

到這個時候，我正在想是不是該好好整理一下我的人生了。

你需要好好整理一下你的人生。

Three Eye ATLAS is one of three objects that were discovered that have a velocity that suggests that they are not gravitationally bound to the Sun.

Three Eye ATLAS 是三個被發現的物體之一，它們的速度顯示它們與太陽沒有重力束縛。

They didn't come from the leftover material that is in our solar system, which is where the majority of our comets come from.

它們不是來自我們太陽系中剩餘的物質，而我們的大部分彗星都來自那裡。

Oumuamua came in and had a composition that was most like what we would call an asteroid.

Oumuamua 進來的時候，它的成分最像我們所說的小行星。

Borisov grew a tail like we would usually see happen with comets as they get close to the Sun.

Borisov 長出了尾巴，就像我們平常看到彗星靠近太陽時會發生的那樣。

So you see a nice beautiful tail as they get hotter and closer to the sun.

所以當它們變熱、離太陽越來越近時，你會看到一條美麗的尾巴。

all the imagery that we've seen thus far indicates that it's got a tail like a comet.

而且我們到目前為止看到的所有影像都顯示它有彗星般的尾巴。

So three Eye ATLAS is still a really exciting object, even.

所以 Three Eye ATLAS 仍然是一個非常令人興奮的天體。

Even if it isn't the alien ship that's gonna take everybody to a different place.

即使它不是那艘會把大家帶到另一個地方的外星飛船。

3i Atlas is an object formed out of the material from another solar system.

3i Atlas 是由另一個太陽系的物質形成的物體。

5 defense asks, is the universe infinite?

In an infinite universe, it's infinite in all directions.

在無限的宇宙裡，它在所有方向上都是無限的。

Lines of light stay parallel forever, what we refer to as a flat universe.

光線會永遠保持平行，這就是我們所說的平坦宇宙。

In a finite universe, the structure would have to curve back on itself.

在有限的宇宙裡，結構必須會彎曲回來。

So it could be a curved structure, like a spherical structure, or it could be open on either sides like a saddle.

所以它可能是一個彎曲的結構，像球體一樣，或者像馬鞍一樣兩邊都開放。

Studying the shape of the universe is a major aspect of astrophysical research.

研究宇宙的形狀是天體物理研究的一個主要面向。

All we're really referring to in this case is how light, as it's moving, is moving either parallel or it's curved.

在這種情況下，我們真正指的是光在移動時，是平行移動還是彎曲移動。

So Our current thinking now suggests that we live in an infinite universe.

所以我們目前的想法是，我們生活在一個無限的宇宙裡。

Universe BG 3963 asks, Are we living in a multiverse?

Universe BG 3963 問，我們是活在多重宇宙裡嗎？

I can't answer that yes or no, because nobody knows.

我沒辦法給你一個肯定的答案，因為沒有人知道。

There's nothing I can tell you that says that it is impossible.

我沒有辦法告訴你說這是不可能的。

So if you could, for instance, get to a point where you saw our universe from a bird's eye view, could you see other universes out there that had their own big bangs that started them?

所以，如果我們能，比方說，到達一個地方，從鳥瞰的角度看我們的宇宙，能不能看到其他宇宙，它們有自己的大爆炸來啟動它們？

That is a possibility and one that scientists look into.

這是有可能的，也是科學家們正在研究的。

That's not answering the question, though.

If we live in a parallel universe where there's multiple versions of every scenario of every day you've ever lived, this is simply, are we the only universe that is?

如果我們活在一個平行宇宙，那裡有我們活過的每一個情境、每一天的多個版本，這就只是，我們是唯一存在的宇宙嗎？

Or is it possible that there are many out there?

And the answer to that question is maybe.

Okay, Im Irish says in Interstellar, why didn't approaching the black hole cause spaghetti fication?

好的，Im Irish 在《星際效應》裡問，為什麼接近黑洞沒有造成義大利麵化？

Spaghettification is the idea that that as you get closer and closer to something that's very, very massive, the part of you that's approaching it gets yanked with a force so big that it starts to pull you apart.

義大利麵化就是，當你越來越靠近一個質量非常非常大的東西時，你靠近它的那部分會被一股巨大的力量拉扯，大到開始把你撕開。

And if you've watched the movie Interstellar, Matthew McConaughey's character enters the event horizon.

如果你看過電影《星際效應》，馬修麥康納飾演的角色進入了事件視界。

The event horizon is the point of no return.

事件視界是那個有去無回的點。

You have to get closer and closer and closer to the singularity or the center of that supermassive black hole.

你必須越來越靠近奇異點，或是那個超大質量黑洞的中心。

And because it's 100 million solar masses, he has to get way closer to the center of the singularity before he feels that spaghettification doesn't mean he would have been feeling something.

而且因為它是太陽質量的億倍，他必須非常靠近奇異點的中心，才會感覺到義大利麵化，這不代表他什麼感覺都沒有。

He would have been feeling something, but he wouldn't have been spaghettified.

他會感覺到一些東西，但他不會被義大利麵化。

Just remember the difference between a supermassive black hole versus a stellar mass black hole.

只要記得超大質量黑洞和恆星質量黑洞的差別。

Very different gravitational pulls on your body.

對你的身體有非常不同的引力拉扯。

Mikaba asks what's at the center of the Milky Way?

Mikaba 問，銀河系的中心有什麼？

A supermassive black hole, which we call Sagittarius A.

一個超大質量黑洞，我們稱之為 Sagittarius A。

Also at the center of our galaxy, there's gas and there's dust.

同樣在我們銀河系的中心，有氣體和塵埃。

I think of it like Metropolis or Times Square.

我覺得它就像大都會或時代廣場一樣。

It's where a lot of material is congregating, but

all of it is kind of surrounding this supermassive black hole.

所有這些都圍繞著這個超大質量黑洞。

OMBX from Reddit asks what came first, stars or galaxies?

Reddit 的 OMBX 問，先有恆星還是先有星系？

The short answer is stars will come first.

The first stars, because they were basically just hydrogen, were really large objects, probably 100 times the mass of our own sun.

第一批恆星，因為它們基本上只是氫，所以是巨大的天體，質量可能是我們太陽的 100 倍。

And those didn't live for very long because they're so massive and so as they blew up, they created the next generation of materials that could come together to make more stars.

而它們的壽命不長，因為它們質量太大，所以當它們爆炸時，就產生了下一代的物質，這些物質可以聚集在一起形成更多的恆星。

And as more stars formed, they clumped together.

隨著越來越多恆星形成，它們會聚集在一起。

And those clumps, as they came together, formed galaxies, and the galaxies then formed together, and.

這些聚集體，當它們結合在一起時，就形成了星系，然後星系又進一步結合，然後。

And all of it comes together to make the cosmic web that we know and love and live in today.

這一切結合起來，就形成了我們所認識、喜愛並居住的宇宙網。

Bradley Marquez asks, what is the largest single structure discovered in the universe?

Bradley Marquez 問，宇宙中發現的最大單一結構是什麼？

The largest structures that we know of are roughly a billion light years across.

我們所知的最大結構，橫跨大約十億光年。

And what they are are these gigantic walls of galaxies.

而它們就是這些巨大的星系牆。

So the image that's behind me is from a map that's been made of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies.

所以我背後的這張圖，來自一張繪製 Sloan Digital Sky Survey 星系的圖。

It's a telescope that was in the United States, and

it measured how far away all the galaxies are.

And there are some structures that we can tell are all linked together where the galaxies are all held together into a coherent structure.

而且有些結構，我們可以辨識出它們是互相連結的，星系被聚集在一起形成一個連貫的結構。

And for many years, that was the largest structure, but

很多年來，那就是最大的結構，但

now there's a couple of others that are in competition for it.

現在有幾個其他的結構正在競爭這個頭銜。

They stretch a billion light years across.

The Milky Way is a part of its own structure, and we call that Laniakea.

銀河系是它自己結構的一部分，我們稱之為 Laniakea。

Astronomers have looked at that structure and seen a couple of things.

天文學家觀察了那個結構，發現了幾件事。

One, it kind of looks like a spider web with filaments that are coming in and weaving around.

第一，它有點像蜘蛛網，有細絲從四周延伸過來編織。

Those filaments are made of galaxies, and then in the gaps between them, you can see there's voids.

那些細絲是由星系組成的，而在它們之間的空隙，可以看到有虛空。

Much of this is being shaped by dark matter.

So this Webb, this structure, which is the hierarchical map of the universe, is carved out by material that we can't even see.

所以這個韋伯，這個結構，也就是宇宙的層級地圖，是由我們甚至看不到的物質雕塑出來的。

DJ Anim wants to know what exactly is dark energy and dark matter?

DJ Anim 想知道暗能量和暗物質到底是什麼？

When you look out across the cosmos, you see the galaxies clump together.

當你望向宇宙時，你會看到星系聚集在一起。

But in studying the way everything moved, we realized the stars in the galaxy were orbiting in a way we did not fully understand.

但在研究萬物移動的方式時，我們發現星系中的恆星繞行的速度，比我們預期的還要快。

Ones on the outside were moving faster than we thought they should be.

外圍的恆星移動速度比我們預期的還要快。

Huge clusters of galaxies were being held together seemingly by nothing, some gravitational thing that was giving off no light whatsoever.

巨大的星系團似乎是憑空結合在一起的，有某種引力，但卻絲毫沒有發出任何光。

Dark matter has the same gravitational properties that you and I have, but

暗物質和你我一樣具有相同的引力特性，但