Name: 國際刑事法院為何是全球最大的笑話？ (Why The ICC Is The World’s Biggest Joke)
Uploaded: 2026-01-14T17:37:34.000Z
Duration: 48 min 48 s

程度副詞

Never before in world history have there been so many sitting heads of state with active warrants for their arrest issued by the International Criminal Court or icc.

在世界歷史上，從未有過這麼多現任國家元首遭到國際刑事法院或 ICC 發出逮捕令。

President Vladimir Putin of Russia, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, and

俄羅斯總統 Vladimir Putin、以色列總理 Benjamin Netanyahu，以及

第二類條件句型

Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhenzada of Afghanistan all have active warrants for their arrest over alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity issued by the ICC, obliging all 125 member states who were party to the core to arrest these leaders if they ever stepped foot on their territory.

阿富汗最高領袖 Hibatullah Akhenzada，都因被控犯下戰爭罪和危害人類罪，遭到 ICC 發出逮捕令，這也義務了所有 125 個締約成員國，一旦這些領導人踏入其領土，就必須逮捕他們。

And soon, a fourth currently sitting head of state is likely to have an arrest warrant issued for him as well.

而很快地，第四位現任國家元首也可能面臨逮捕令。

Acting President Minong Khlang of Myanmar, whose arrest warrant has already been requested by the ICC's chief prosecutor and will likely be formally issued shortly.

緬甸代理總統 Minong Khlang，其逮捕令已由 ICC 首席檢察官請求，很可能在不久後正式發布。

So let's get into how all of these leaders have found themselves in this position and how the hunt for all of their arrests have been progressing.

接下來，我們就來看看這些領導人是如何走到這一步，以及對他們進行逮捕的追捕行動是如何進行的。

Establishing an international court to charge political leaders accused of committing international crimes was first proposed in 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference following the First World War.

在第一次世界大戰後的 1919 年巴黎和會上，首次提出了設立國際法庭來起訴被控犯下國際罪行的政治領導人。

But no concrete steps towards actually setting one up came until after the end of the Second World War when the victorious Allied powers established two ad hoc criminal tribunals to prosecute the former leaders of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan for war crimes.

但直到第二次世界大戰結束後，才開始有實際設立的步驟，當時的戰勝同盟國設立了兩個特設刑事法庭，以起訴納粹德國和日本帝國的前領導人所犯下的戰爭罪。

Karl Doenitz, the former chief of the German Naval High Command, who briefly served as Nazi Germany's head of state for about a month following Hitler's suicide, was technically the first former head of state to be formally charged by an international court for war crimes and was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

德國海軍總司令 Karl Doenitz，在希特勒自殺後曾短暫擔任納粹德國的國家元首約一個月，他技術上是第一位被國際法庭正式起訴戰爭罪的前國家元首，並被判處 10 年徒刑。

Three former Japanese prime ministers were also indicted for war crimes during the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.

在遠東國際軍事法庭審判期間，也有三位前日本首相因戰爭罪被起訴。

Hideki Tojo, prime minister between 1941 and 1944, and

1941 年到 1944 年間的總理東條英機，

Koki Hirota, prime minister between 1936 and 1937, were both sentenced by the court to death, while Hironuma Kiichiro, who served as Japan's Prime Minister briefly for seven months in 1939, was sentenced to life in prison for a long time.

1936 年到 1937 年間的總理廣田弘毅，都被法院判處死刑；而 1939 年短暫擔任日本總理七個月的近衛文麿，則被判處長期無期徒刑。

These were the only former heads of state to ever be formally charged with international crimes by an international court.

這些是唯一被國際法庭正式起訴國際罪行的前國家元首。

Because the onset of the Cold War, the global rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union, eliminated any prospect of further global cooperation on ever setting up another International Court.

因為冷戰的開始，也就是美蘇之間的全球對抗，讓任何關於設立另一個國際刑事法院的全球合作前景都消失了。

In 1989, near the end of the Cold War, however, the then Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago brought up the idea of creating a permanent international criminal court again, and

不過，在冷戰接近尾聲的 1989 年，千里達及託巴哥的時任總理再次提出了設立常設國際刑事法院的想法，

in response, the UN General assembly initiated the process of drafting up a statute for one.

作為回應，聯合國大會啟動了起草相關規約的程序。

But in the meantime, while that work was still going on, two major global crises that involved the crime of genocide erupted in the 1990s in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda, both of which were serious enough that the United Nations Security Council established two more ad hoc criminal tribunals for them that were the first ones of their kind established since the 1940s.

但在此期間，就在這項工作仍在進行時，1990 年代爆發了兩場涉及種族滅絕罪行的重大全球危機，分別在前南斯拉夫和盧安達，這兩場危機都足夠嚴重，聯合國安全理事會為此設立了兩個新的特設刑事法庭，這是自 1940 年代以來設立的第一批此類法庭。

The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, or the ICTY, was established in 1993 and was tasked with prosecuting war crimes committed throughout the former Yugoslavia during the 1990s.

前南斯拉夫國際刑事法庭，簡稱 ICTY，成立於 1993 年，負責起訴 1990 年代在前南斯拉夫地區犯下的戰爭罪。

161 people would ultimately be indicted by this ad hoc court that included a wide range of people, from common foot soldiers to generals and even heads of state.

最終共有 161 人被這個特設法庭起訴，其中包括了從普通阿兵哥到將軍，甚至是國家元首等各類人士。

Very notably Slobodan Milosevic, the president of Serbia and the Afar Yugoslavia at the time, became the very first sitting head of state to ever be indicted by an International Criminal Court for war crimes by the ICTY in 1999 during the Middle of the Kosovo war, where his leadership was alleged by the court to have been responsible for the killings of up to 9,000 Kosovar Albanian civilians, the destruction of entire villages, and

特別值得注意的是，當時塞爾維亞和南斯拉夫的總統斯洛博丹·米洛舍維奇，成為第一位在科索沃戰爭期間，於 1999 年被國際刑事法院（ICTY）起訴戰爭罪的在任國家元首，法院指控他的領導應對殺害多達 9,000 名科索沃阿爾巴尼亞平民、摧毀整個村莊，

the forceful displacement of nearly a million Kosovar Albanians from their homes and out of the country in an attempt to ethnically cleans Kosovo and preserve Serbia's demographic hold over the territory.

以及強行驅逐近百萬科索沃阿爾巴尼亞人離開家園和國家，企圖在種族上淨化科索沃，並維持塞爾維亞對該地區的人口控制。

Milosevic was eventually overthrown the next year by a revolution in 2000 and subsequently arrested by Yugoslav authorities and deported to the Netherlands to stand trial in front of the ICTY for his crimes, but

米洛舍維奇最終在隔年 2000 年的革命中被推翻，隨後被南斯拉夫當局逮捕並引渡到荷蘭，在 ICTY 接受審判，但

he died there in prison in 2006 while his trial was still ongoing.

他在 2006 年審判仍在進行時，於獄中去世。

Other former heads of state of partially recognized states who were also indicted by the ICTY included Milan Babic, the former president of the self declared Republic of Serbia, and

其他被 ICTY 起訴的、部分承認國家前國家元首包括前塞爾維亞共和國總統米蘭·巴比奇，

Craida in Croatia, who was indicted for war crimes and crimes against humanity in 2004 and sentenced to 13 years in prison along with Radovan Karzyk, the former president of the self declared Bosnian Serb Republika Srpska in Bosnia, who remained a wanted fugitive for years until he was eventually caught and arrested in Serbia in 2008 and extradited to the Netherlands to stand trial.

以及克羅埃西亞的克拉伊納，他於 2004 年被控戰爭罪和危害人類罪，被判處 13 年徒刑；還有波士尼亞塞族共和國前總統拉多萬·卡拉季奇，他多年來一直是通緝犯，直到 2008 年在塞爾維亞被捕並引渡到荷蘭接受審判。

Karadzic notably was found guilty of the crime of genocide for the events that took place in Sebrenica in 1995 where the Bosnian Serb army systematically massacred more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys over just a few days, which the ICTY later legally defined as the first genocide to have taken place in Europe since the Second World War.

卡拉季奇因 1995 年斯雷布雷尼察事件被判犯有種族滅絕罪，當時波士尼亞塞族軍隊在短短幾天內系統性地屠殺了 8,000 多名波士尼亞穆斯林男性和男孩，ICTY 後來將此定義為第二次世界大戰以來歐洲發生的第一起種族滅絕事件。

Karadzyk was eventually sentenced by the court to 40 years in prison for his role in the massacre in 2016, which he attempted to appeal, which was rejected and led to his sentence being escalated to life in prison instead.

卡拉季奇最終在 2016 年因在屠殺事件中的角色被判處 40 年徒刑，他試圖上訴但被駁回，刑期是以被加重為無期徒刑。

The United Nations Security Council also established another ad hoc criminal tribunal for Rwanda in 1994 that investigated genocide allegations committed there during the 100 day period between April and July of that year, where a radical Hutu extremist regime in power systematically annihilated more than a million people in the country, including up to 800,000 ethnic Tutsis who were the regime's primary targets.

聯合國安全理事會還於 1994 年為盧安達設立了另一個特設刑事法庭，調查該年 4 月至 7 月 100 天期間發生的種族滅絕指控，當時執政的激進胡圖族極端政權系統性地消滅了該國一百多萬人，其中包括政權的主要目標，多達 80 萬名圖西族人。

The highest ranking Hutu government official that was captured and charged by this ad hoc criminal tribunal was John Kambanda, who who had served as Rwanda's Prime Minister and head of state for the entirety of the 100 days, where an almost unbelievable 1 million people were killed, overseeing the entirety of the regime's campaign of annihilation against the Tutsis once he was overthrown in July of 1994.

該特設刑事法庭逮捕並起訴的最高級胡圖族政府官員是約翰·坎班達，他在 100 天內一直擔任盧安達的總理和國家元首，期間近百萬人被殺害，他監督了該政權針對圖西族的整個滅絕行動，直到 1994 年 7 月被推翻。

Khambanda initially fled the country, but

he was caught and apprehended three years later in 1997 in Kenya and extradited to stand trial.

他在 1997 年於肯亞被捕並落網，三年後被引渡回國受審。

He notably became the first and so far only former head of state to actually plead guilty to the criminal charge of genocide, for which he was sentenced to life in prison in 1998, where he's remained ever since.

他特別成為第一位也是迄今為止唯一一位承認犯下種族滅絕罪的前國家元首，並於 1998 年被判處無期徒刑，至今仍被囚禁。

The horrors that took place in the former Yugoslavia and rwanda during the 1990s highlighted to many the pressing need to finally establish a permanent International Criminal Court to handle these kind of things in the future.

1990 年代在前南斯拉夫和盧安達發生的恐怖事件，讓許多人意識到迫切需要建立一個永久性的國際刑事法院，來處理未來類似的事件。

And so finally, in 1998, the UN General assembly held a conference in Rome that finalized the treaty that created the International Criminal Court by a vote of 127, with the seven countries who voted against its adoption at the time being China, the United States, Israel, Saddam's Iraq, Gaddafi's Libya, Qatar and Yemen.

於是，在 1998 年，聯合國大會於羅馬召開會議，最終以 127 票通過了設立國際刑事法院的條約，當時投下反對票的七個國家是中國、美國、以色列、薩達姆的伊拉克、格達費的利比亞、卡達和葉門。

Notably, Israel very publicly voted against the adoption of the ICC because it included in its list of prosecutable war crimes the action of transferring population into occupied territory, which Israel at that time was already actively doing in the occupied west bank in Gaza.

值得注意的是，以色列公開反對通過 ICC，因為其條款將把人口轉移到佔領區的行為列為可起訴的戰爭罪，而以色列當時已在佔領的約旦河西岸和加薩積極進行此類行為。

Regardless, the UN General assembly voted to endorse the ICC in both 1999 and then again in 2000.

不管如何，聯合國大會分別於 1999 年和 2000 年投票支持 ICC。

And so the ICC finally legally entered into force in the summer of 2002.

是以，ICC 終於在 2002 年夏天正式生效。

It should be noted at this point that the ICC is a distinct organization from the International Court of Justice, or the icj, which hears and judges on disputes between states.

此時應注意的是，ICC 與國際法院（ICJ）是不同的組織，國際法院負責審理和裁決國家之間的爭端。

By contrast, the ICC is the first and only permanent international court that has jurisdiction to prosecute individual people for International crimes like genocide, war crimes, crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression.

相較之下，ICC 是第一個也是唯一一個擁有管轄權，可以起訴個人犯下種族滅絕、戰爭罪、危害人類罪和侵略罪等國際罪行的永久性國際法院。

As of the end of 2024, 125 UN member states have joined with the ICC and formally recognized the Court's authority.

截至 2024 年底，已有 125 個聯合國成員國加入 ICC，正式承認法院的權威。

Although a number of very important countries have never joined and have never recognized the court, including the United States, Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and virtually all of the Arab world.

不過，包括美國、俄羅斯、中國、印度、巴基斯坦、以色列以及幾乎整個阿拉伯世界在內，許多非常重要的國家從未加入，也從未承認過這個法院。

The ICC began issuing out their first arrest warrants a few years later in 2005.

幾年後，ICC 在 2005 年開始發出了第一批逮捕令。

But the first time that the Court issued an arrest warrant for an actual sitting head of state wouldn't come until 2009 when the court decided to indict Sudan's then sitting President, Omar Al Bashir for more crimes he was allegedly responsible for in Darfur.

但法院首次對在任國家元首發出逮捕令，是在 2009 年，當時法院決定起訴蘇丹時任總統歐瑪爾·巴席爾，指控他對達佛地區的更多罪行負有責任。

Darfur is a large region in Western Sudan that is highly ethnically diverse with large populations of Sudanese Arabs who are largely nomadic and indigenous, largely settled sub Saharan African people like the Fur, Masalit and Sagawa people.

達佛是蘇丹西部一個廣大的地區，族裔組成非常多元，有大量蘇丹阿拉伯人，他們大多是遊牧民族，也有原住民，主要是定居的撒哈拉以南非洲人，像是 Fur、Masalit 和 Sagawa 等族群。

In 2003, armed militant rebel factions in Darfur, composed of the sub Saharan minority groups, rose up in a rebellion across the region against the Sudanese government, accusing it of long standing policies of oppressing the non Arab population in Darfur.

2003 年，達佛的武裝叛亂分子，由撒哈拉以南的少數族群組成，在該地區發動了反對蘇丹政府的叛亂，指控政府長期以來壓迫達佛地區的非阿拉伯人口。

The Sudanese government responded to this rebellion with a crackdown in Darfur and began arming and supporting local Arab militias in the region that came to be called the Janjaweed to suppress the non Arab rebels.

蘇丹政府對這場叛亂採取了鎮壓行動，並開始武裝和支持該地區的當地阿拉伯民兵，這些民兵後來被稱為「詹賈維德」，目的是鎮壓非阿拉伯叛亂分子。

Catastrophic levels of violence ensued in Darfur and it's been estimated by the UN that over just the next two years between two in 2005, around 200,000 people were killed in Darfur, with the overwhelming majority perpetrated by the state sponsored Janjaweed militias.

達佛地區隨之發生了災難性的暴力事件，聯合國估計，僅在 2005 年之前的兩年間，達佛地區就有約 20 萬人死亡，其中絕大多數是由國家支持的詹賈維德民兵所犯下的。

All of this is what resulted in the ICC deciding to formally indict Sudan's President Omar Al Bashir with charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity in 2009, followed by another separate warrant issued in 2010 that charged Al Bashir with genocide in Darfur as well, making Al Bashir the first sitting head of state to ever be charged by an international court with the crime of genocide.

這一切導致 ICC 在 2009 年決定正式起訴蘇丹總統歐瑪爾·巴席爾，指控他犯下戰爭罪和危害人類罪，隨後在 2010 年又發布了一份單獨的逮捕令，指控巴席爾在達佛犯下種族滅絕罪，這也讓巴席爾成為第一位被國際法院以種族滅絕罪起訴的在任國家元首。

What followed was years and years of drama and controversy.

接下來是多年的戲劇性和爭議。

Omar Al Bashir himself insisted that fewer than 10,000 people were actually killed in Darfur during the conflict and that the UN and the US and other countries had grossly exaggerated the death toll in order to smear him.

歐瑪爾·巴席爾本人堅稱，達佛衝突期間實際死亡人數不到一萬人，並指控聯合國、美國及其他國家為抹黑他而嚴重誇大了死亡人數。

As the conflict in Darfur was still ongoing, the US government formally declared that the Janjaweed and the Sudanese government were guilty of committing genocide there in 2004.

由於達佛的衝突仍在持續，美國政府在 2004 年正式宣佈詹賈維德民兵和蘇丹政府犯下了種族滅絕罪。

But to date, the US government is the only government in the world that has ever taken that position.

但到目前為止，美國政府是世界上唯一一個採取這種立場的政府。

The UN took the position that while the Janjaweed carried out mass murder and multiple war crimes in Darfur, no systematic genocide took place there.

聯合國的立場是，雖然詹賈維德民兵在達佛犯下了大規模謀殺和多項戰爭罪，但並未發生系統性的種族滅絕。

The African Union adopted a similar position, while Doctors Without Borders, one of the world's largest NGOs, argued that calling the events in Darfur a genocide was inappropriate, arguing that while mass killings did happen, there was never any systematic targeting of one ethnic group over another one.

非洲聯盟採取了類似的立場，而「無國界醫生」這個全球最大的非政府組織之一則認為，將達佛的事件稱為種族滅絕是不恰當的，他們認為雖然發生了大規模殺戮，但從未系統性地針對某一族群。

Nonetheless, the ICC's chief prosecutor accused Al Bashir of bearing personal criminal responsibility for the crime of genocide in Darfur with the intent to destroy the territory's three main sub Saharan African groups, which was supported by the United States, NATO and Amnesty International.

儘管如此，ICC 的首席檢察官仍指控巴席爾對達佛的種族滅絕罪負有個人刑事責任，意圖摧毀該地區三個主要的撒哈拉以南非洲族群，此說法得到了美國、北約和國際特赦組織的支持。

But several other countries and organizations around the world condemned the warrants for Al Bashir and accused them of being politically motivated by the West.

但全球其他幾個國家和組織譴責了對巴席爾的逮捕令，並指控這些逮捕令是西方出於政治動機。

The African Union, the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation all condemned the ICC arrest warrants for Al Bashir, while they and Al Bashir himself accused the ICC of having a pro Western bias, indicting him for crimes that took place in Darfur while ignoring crimes that took place during the US invasion and occupation of Iraq and Israel's continued occupation of the Palestinian territories.

非洲聯盟、阿拉伯聯盟和伊斯蘭合作組織都譴責了 ICC 對巴席爾發出的逮捕令，同時他們和巴席爾本人都指控 ICC 帶有親西方偏見，起訴他在達佛發生的罪行，卻無視美國入侵和佔領伊拉克期間發生的罪行以及以色列持續佔領巴勒斯坦領土的罪行。

Muammar Gaddafi, the dictator of Libya for nearly 40 years by this point, even went so far as to label the ICC's warrant for Al Bashir as an act of terrorism.

利比亞獨裁者格達費，當時已統治近 40 年，甚至將 ICC 對巴席爾發出的逮捕令稱為恐怖主義行為。

And as fate would have it, Gaddafi himself shortly ended up becoming the second sitting head of state to have an arrest warrant issued for him by the ICC in 2011 over his harsh response to the Libyan revolution against his government that resulted in thousands of civilian deaths in the country.

命運弄人，格達費本人不久後也成為第二位被 ICC 發出逮捕令的在任國家元首，於 2011 年因其對利比亞革命的強硬回應而導致該國數千名平民死亡。

The ICC issued an arrest warrant for him in June of 2011 over alleged war crimes he was responsible for committing in Libya against his own people.

ICC 在 2011 年 6 月對他發出了逮捕令，指控他對利比亞人民犯下了戰爭罪。

But he was overthrown, captured and brutally murdered by the Libyan rebels just a few months later in October, which led to the arrest warrant being quickly terminated before it could ever be executed.

但幾個月後的 10 月，他被利比亞叛軍推翻、俘虜並殘酷殺害，逮捕令在他被執行前就被迅速終止了。

The ICC's decision to issue another warrant for Gaddafi's arrest only further enraged the communities in Africa and the Arab world, though in 2013, multiple African countries began accusing the ICC of bias and racism.

ICC 發出另一張格達費逮捕令的決定，進一步激怒了非洲和阿拉伯世界的社群，不過到了 2013 年，多個非洲國家開始指控 ICC 有偏見和種族歧視。

Because up until that point, since the court's establishment 11 years previously in 2002, they'd only ever indicted suspects in Africa alone and literally nowhere else, leading to further accusations that the court was simply ignoring crimes committed by Western leaders.

因為到那時為止，自從法院在 11 年前的 2002 年成立以來，他們只起訴過非洲的嫌犯，其他地方根本沒有，這進一步加劇了對法院無視西方領導人所犯罪行的指控。

The first time that the ICC would ever indict people for crimes outside of Africa wouldn't happen all the way up until 2020.

ICC 第一次起訴非洲以外地區的人，一直要到 2020 年才發生。

Two, 20 years after the court's initial establishment, when they indicted three men from the breakaway, partially recognized state of South Ossetia for alleged war crimes relating to their treatments of ethnically Georgian civilians during the Russian invasion of Georgia in 2008.

第二次，也就是法院成立 20 年後，他們起訴了來自分離主義、部分承認的南奧塞提亞的三名男子，指控他們在 2008 年俄羅斯入侵喬治亞期間，對喬治亞族裔平民的待遇犯下了戰爭罪。

Meanwhile, Omar Al Bashir continued remaining the President of Sudan for another decade after his arrest warrant was issued by the ICC in 2009, and

同時，在 ICC 於 2009 年發出逮捕令後，歐瑪爾·巴席爾繼續擔任蘇丹總統又過了十年，

he technically continues to remain a wanted fugitive by the court to this very day.

事實上，他至今仍是法院通緝的逃犯。

Sudan has never been a member of the ICC and has never recognized the court's authority, so the country would never just depose their own president and extradite him to the Netherlands to stand trial.

蘇丹從未成為 ICC 的成員國，也從未承認法院的權威，所以該國絕不可能罷免自己的總統並將他引渡到荷蘭受審。

But Al Bashir also kept continually taking international visits abroad, while he had multiple active arrest warrants issued for him as well, which led to a lot of very significant controversy.

但巴席爾也持續進行國際訪問，同時他有多張有效的逮捕令，這引發了許多非常重大的爭議。

After the arrest warrants were issued for him, including for genocide.

在對他發出逮捕令後，包括滅絕種族罪。

In Darfur, Al Bashir took official state visits to China, Russia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, India, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and

在達佛，巴席爾曾對中國、俄羅斯、埃及、衣索比亞、利比亞、印度、沙烏地阿拉伯、卡達和

the United Arab Emirates, none of which were members of the ICC either, and

阿拉伯聯合大公國進行國是訪問，這些國家也都不是 ICC 的成員國，

so made no attempts to arrest him while he was there.

所以在他到訪期間，他們並沒有試圖逮捕他。

But he also visited many other countries that actually were members of the ICC too, including Chad, Nigeria, Jordan, Kenya, South Africa and Djibouti, all of whom refused to perform their duties as members of the ICC by having him arrested while he was present on their territory, which severely undermined the ICC's legitimacy.

但他也訪問了許多其他實際上是 ICC 成員國的國家，包括查德、奈及利亞、約旦、肯亞、南非和吉布地，這些國家在他到訪期間，都拒絕履行其作為 ICC 成員國的職責將他逮捕，這嚴重損害了 ICC 的正當性。

After he visited Kenya in 2011, the government simply declared that he'd be arrested if he ever visited Kenya again in the future.

在他於 2011 年訪問肯亞後，肯亞政府僅表示，如果他未來再次訪問肯亞，將會被逮捕。

The situation of his frequent flaunting visits to ICC member states across Africa and their consistent refusals to ever arrest him frustrated the ICC so much that they eventually declared that they could have his presidential plane intercepted by fighter jets while it was flying over international airspace and escorted away, which then led to Al Bashir always flying in his plane with his own fighter jet escorts to prevent that from ever happening.

他頻繁高調訪問非洲各 ICC 成員國，而這些國家卻始終拒絕逮捕他，這種情況讓 ICC 極度沮喪，最後 ICC 宣佈可以攔截他在國際領空飛行的總統專機並將其護送走，這導致巴席爾總是帶著自己的戰鬥機護衛飛行，以防止這種情況發生。

Al Bashir was eventually overthrown by a military coup d' etat in Sudan in 2019, after 30 continuous years in power.

巴席爾最終在 2019 年被蘇丹軍事政變推翻，結束了他長達 30 年的執政。

And although the new Sudanese government that replaced him initially promised to extradite him to stand trial before the icc, that still hasn't happened yet.

儘管取代他的新蘇丹政府最初承諾會將他引渡到 ICC 受審，但至今仍未實現。

Six years later, Al Bashir was convicted of corruption in Sudanese courts in 2019 and imprisoned shortly after he was overthrown, where he's remained ever since, he is currently 81 years old and still wanted by the ICC to stand trial for war crimes and genocide that he is allegedly responsible for.

六年後，巴席爾在 2019 年被蘇丹法院判決貪腐罪成立並在他被推翻後不久被監禁，他一直被關押至今，目前 81 歲，仍被 ICC 通緝，以審判他被指控犯下的戰爭罪和滅絕種族罪。

That took place in Darfur between 2003 and 2005, and

那發生在 2003 年到 2005 年間的達佛地區，

this leads us up to the third sitting head of state that the ICC would eventually issue an arrest warrant for President Vladimir Putin of Russia in 2023.

這就帶我們到了 ICC 最後在 2023 年對俄羅斯總統普丁發出逮捕令的第三位在任國家元首。

Putin has dominated Russian politics for the entirety of the 21st century.

普丁主宰了 21 世紀的俄羅斯政壇。

Except for a brief stint as the country's prime minister between 2008 and 2012, Putin has continually served as Russia's president and head of state ever since 2000.

除了 2008 年到 2012 年短暫擔任總理之外，普丁自 2000 年以來一直擔任俄羅斯的總統兼國家元首。

Putin led Russia into multiple wars in Chechnya, Georgia and Syria.

普丁曾帶領俄羅斯在車臣、喬治亞和敘利亞發動多次戰爭。

But it was Putin's biggest war in Ukraine that earned him the arrest warrant by the ICC.

但正是普丁在烏克蘭的最大規模戰爭，為他贏得了 ICC 的逮捕令。

After ordering limited invasions of Ukraine in 2014 that resulted in Russia seizing Crimea and pro Russian separatists taking over a swath of territory in the Donbas region, Putin ordered a full scale invasion of Ukraine that was launched in early 2022.

在下令於 2014 年有限度入侵烏克蘭，導致俄羅斯奪取克里米亞以及親俄分離主義者佔領頓巴斯地區大片領土後，普丁又在 2022 年初下令全面入侵烏克蘭。

Since then, Russian forces have occupied roughly 20% of Ukraine's internationally recognized territory and have unilaterally declared to have annexed five of Ukraine's provinces.

自那時以來，俄羅斯軍隊已佔領烏克蘭約 20% 的國際公認領土，並單方面宣佈吞併了烏克蘭的五個省份。

Hundreds of thousands of soldiers have likely been killed as a result of the war, and

戰爭很可能已造成數十萬阿兵哥死亡，

there have been multiple instances of severe war crimes committed all throughout it.

而且戰爭中也發生了多起嚴重的戰爭罪行。

For the alleged war crime of intentionally directing military attacks against civilian targets in Ukraine, the ICC issued arrest warrants for many high ranking Russian military officers, including Viktor Sokolov, the former commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, who may have already been killed during a Ukrainian missile Sergei Kobylosh, the commander of the Russian Air Force Sergei Shoigu, the former Russian defense minister between 2012 and 2024 and Valery Gerasimov, the Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces and the Supreme Commander of all Russian forces in Ukraine.

針對在烏克蘭故意攻擊平民目標的戰爭罪指控，國際刑事法院對多名俄羅斯高級軍官發布了逮捕令，包括俄羅斯黑海艦隊前司令 Viktor Sokolov（他可能已在烏克蘭飛彈襲擊中喪生）、俄羅斯空軍司令 Sergei Kobylosh、2012 年至 2024 年間的俄羅斯國防部長 Sergei Shoigu，以及俄羅斯武裝部隊總參謀長兼俄羅斯在烏克蘭所有部隊的最高指揮官 Valery Gerasimov。

But Putin himself wasn't issued an arrest warrant by the ICC for any of these war crimes.

但普丁本人並未因任何這些戰爭罪行收到國際刑事法院的逮捕令。

Instead, Putin's ICC arrest warrant was issued over his alleged responsibility in the mass deportations of potentially tens to hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian children away from the Russian occupied territories into Russia itself, with a dual arrest warrant issued for the same charge to his Commissioner for Children's Rights in Russia, Maria Lvova Belova.

相反，普丁的國際刑事法院逮捕令是針對他被指控對數萬至數十萬烏克蘭兒童從俄羅斯佔領區大規模驅逐至俄羅斯境內負有責任，同時也對俄羅斯兒童權利專員 Maria Lvova Belova 發布了相同的雙重逮捕令。

It's not entirely clear how many children from Ukraine that Russia has deported from the territories it's occupied, and

俄羅斯從其佔領區驅逐了多少烏克蘭兒童，這一數字並不完全清楚，

the estimates are pretty much all over the place.

A minimum of 19,500 Ukrainian children who have been deported into Russia since the invasion began have been firmly identified by name by Yale University.

葉爾辛大學已確認了至少有 19,500 名烏克蘭兒童自入侵開始以來被驅逐到俄羅斯，並已確定了他們的姓名。

While estimates for the true numbers of children taken range up to more than 100,000 and even more than 240,000 by other sources, it's been theorized that Russian forces have been taking so many children from Ukraine in order to erase their identities and to raise them as Russians instead.

其他來源估計被帶走的兒童真實數字高達 10 萬以上，甚至超過 24 萬，有人推測俄羅斯軍隊之所以帶走這麼多烏克蘭兒童，是為了抹去他們的身份，並將他們撫養成人，視為俄羅斯人。

In an attempt to bolster Russia's own catastrophic birth rates and their ongoing casualties in Ukraine, the return of all these missing children has since become a central component of Ukraine's demands for peace in the war.

為了提振俄羅斯自身嚴峻的生育率以及彌補在烏克蘭的持續傷亡，這些失蹤兒童的歸還，已成為烏克蘭在戰爭中爭取和平的核心訴求。

But to date, only a handful of them have actually ever been returned, around 1300 across several deals that were brokered by the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and the Vatican.

但到目前為止，只有極少數兒童被歸還，在阿拉伯聯合大公國、卡達和梵蒂岡斡旋的多項協議下，大約有 1300 名兒童獲釋。

As you can imagine, these alleged mass deportations of potentially hundreds of thousands of children away from Ukraine violate multiple international laws and constitute serious war crimes, potentially even including genocide.

你可以想像，這些被指控的大規模、可能數十萬兒童從烏克蘭被帶走的行為，嚴重違反了多項國際法，構成嚴重的戰爭罪行，甚至可能包括種族滅絕。