Name: 【我並不存在】Annaka Harris 哈里斯 - 神經科學作家證明佛學是對的 | 早晚會思考的問題 (【我並不存在】Annaka Harris 哈里斯 - 神經科學作家證明佛學是對的 | 早晚會思考的問題)
Uploaded: 2025-07-16T21:27:00.000Z
Duration: 6 min 17 s

It is this feeling that my conscious experience is this self that is somehow living somewhere inside my body.

這種感覺就是，我的意識體驗就是這個自我，它以某種方式生活在我身體的某個地方。

If your memories weren't strung together, there'd be much less of a sense of a self.

如果你的記憶沒有串聯在一起，你就不會有自我意識。

Free will, for the most part, is an illusion.

在大多數情況下，自由意志只是一種幻覺。

它並不像我們感覺的那樣自由。

There's no self or free will making decisions behind the scenes.

沒有自我或自由意志在幕後做決定。

So I think that free will, for the most part, is an illusion.

是以，我認為自由意志在很大程度上是一種幻覺。

So I use the term free will to talk about decision-making processes in nature.

是以，我用自由意志這個詞來談論自然界的決策過程。

If you look at something like a pea tendril, when it senses that it's close to a branch, that it can wrap itself around, it starts growing more quickly in that direction, and then it changes the growth so that it wraps itself around a branch.

如果你觀察一下豌豆卷鬚，當它感覺到自己靠近樹枝，可以纏繞在樹枝上時，它就會開始朝那個方向快速生長，然後改變生長方式，使自己纏繞在樹枝上。

Most of us wouldn't consider that to be a free decision-making process.

我們大多數人都不會認為這是一個自由的決策過程。

It's a cause-and-effect process that occurs in nature.

這是自然界中的一個因果過程。

And as you move up in complexity to the level of brains and then human brains, the number of factors that come into play are so expansive that it would be impossible for us to try and track them all.

隨著大腦和人類大腦複雜程度的提高，發揮作用的因素也越來越多，以至於我們不可能對所有因素進行追蹤。

It's a process by which the brain is interacting with the exterior world, measuring the different outcomes of the different possible futures, and then ultimately making a decision.

這是一個大腦與外部世界互動的過程，它衡量不同未來可能出現的不同結果，然後最終做出決定。

This is something that I think what many people mean by free will.

我認為這就是很多人所說的自由意志。

The problem with having free in the title is that it's not free in the way we feel it is.

標題中 "自由 "一詞的問題在於，它並不像我們認為的那樣自由。

We begin with this illusion of self, of being this solid, concrete entity that is somehow living somewhere inside my body.

我們從自我幻覺開始，幻覺自己是一個堅實、具體的實體，以某種方式生活在我身體的某個地方。

It's my body, it's my brain, and therefore somehow separate from the physical world that could somehow freely make a decision.

它是我的身體，是我的大腦，是以在某種程度上獨立於物理世界，可以自由地做出決定。

And because everything we experience, everything we know takes place within this felt experience of consciousness, we often equate this feeling of self with consciousness.

因為我們所經歷的一切，我們所知道的一切，都是在這種意識的感覺體驗中發生的，所以我們常常把這種自我感覺等同於意識。

And that, I think, is clearly an illusion.

It is this feeling that my conscious experience is this self and is the thing that has this freedom.

這種感覺就是，我的意識體驗就是這個自我，就是擁有這種自由的東西。

And this is how the illusion of self and the illusion of free will are related.

這就是自我幻覺和自由意志幻覺的關係。

There was a very interesting study done in 2013 in which they put participants in an MRI machine and showed them a screen and presented two numbers on that screen.

2013 年有一項非常有趣的研究，他們將參與者放入核磁共振成像儀中，向他們展示一個螢幕，並在螢幕上顯示兩個數字。

And they gave them the option of either adding or subtracting these two numbers.

並讓他們選擇將這兩個數字相加或相減。

And they were scanning the activity of these participants' brains while they were doing this calculation.

他們一邊計算，一邊掃描這些參與者的大腦活動。

And the result of this study was that the experimenters could tell up to four seconds not only when this person was going to make the decision, but whether they decided to add or subtract.

這項研究的結果是，實驗人員不僅能在四秒鐘內判斷出這個人何時做出決定，還能判斷出他們是決定做加法還是減法。

And so you get the sense viscerally that there's no self or free will making decisions behind the scenes, but that in terms of your conscious experience, a decision really arises.

是以，你會直觀地感覺到，沒有自我或自由意志在幕後做決定，但就你的意識體驗而言，一個決定真的產生了。

So when I talk about the illusion of self, this is often very hard for people to grasp what that could even mean.

是以，當我談到自我的幻覺時，人們往往很難理解這意味著什麼。

We all understand that a wave is not a static thing in nature, it's a process.

我們都知道，波浪在自然界中不是靜止的，它是一個過程。

And our brains are very much the same thing.

They are processes in nature that are ever-changing, ever-evolving, that we are in constant communication with the external world.

它們是自然界中不斷變化、不斷髮展的過程，是我們與外部世界不斷交流的過程。

So the neuroscience is really still in its infancy, but we're starting to learn more and more about how this illusion of self gets created.

是以，神經科學還處於起步階段，但我們已經開始越來越多地瞭解這種自我幻覺是如何產生的。

We also know that memory plays a role in creating this experience of self as well.

我們還知道，記憶在創造這種自我體驗的過程中也發揮著作用。

There's a sense in which all of the memories that we have access to over time were being experienced by the same subject.

從某種意義上說，隨著時間的推移，我們所能獲得的所有記憶都是由同一個主體經歷的。

And you can imagine if your memories weren't strung together and your experience was just of each present moment, there'd be much less of a sense of a self moving through time.

你可以想象，如果你的記憶不是串聯在一起的，你的體驗只是每個當下的瞬間，你就不會有自我穿越時空的感覺。

We're also learning a little bit more about what neuroscientists refer to as the default mode network.

我們對神經科學家所說的默認模式網絡也有了一些瞭解。

So we know that when the default mode network is active, we are highly aware of this illusion of self.

是以我們知道，當默認模式網絡處於激活狀態時，我們會高度意識到這種自我幻覺。

And it tends to quiet down when we're experiencing what people talk about as a flow state.

而當我們體驗人們所說的流動狀態時，它往往會安靜下來。

So when we're very immersed in our work, if we're very immersed in a sport, when people are under the influence of some psychedelic substances or various meditation techniques, that quiet down the default mode network, we're not so aware of self versus other or self versus world, which is actually closer to the underlying reality.

是以，當我們沉浸在工作中，當我們沉浸在運動中，當人們受到一些迷幻藥物或各種冥想技巧的影響時，默認模式網絡就會安靜下來，我們就不會那麼清楚地意識到自我與他人或自我與世界的關係，這實際上更接近於潛在的現實。

There are moments where realizing there's an experience of conscious will taking place can be quite liberating.

有些時候，意識到有意識意志的體驗正在發生，會讓人感到非常輕鬆。

Many people get stuck in feeling responsible for their psychological state.

許多人陷入了對自己的心理狀態負責的狀態。

And there's a way in which simply being with whatever uncomfortable emotions you're experiencing, whether it's sadness or frustration or anger, being with them rather than believing that you're controlling them can be extremely beneficial for psychological well-being.

在某種程度上，無論你正在經歷什麼不舒服的情緒，無論是悲傷、沮喪還是憤怒，只要與它們同在，而不是認為自己在控制它們，就會對心理健康極為有益。