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  • Hey it's me Destin.

    嘿!是我,Destin。歡迎來到Smarter Every Day。

  • Welcome to Smarter Every Day. So today's episode's a little bit different. I have a question

    所以今天這集有點不一樣。我有個關於呼吸的問題。

  • about breathing. It's pretty simple. See our bags are packed and we're about to go to the

    它很簡單。你看我們打包好了要去醫院生我們的第三個小孩。

  • hospital to have our third child, and my question is this. How do you go from,

    而我的問題是:

  • this. My baby, in my baby.

    你要如何從「這樣 – 我的寶寶,在我的寶貝老婆身體裡」變成「這樣」?

  • To this. Now 72 hours ago, my son was inside

    於是,72小時之前,我兒子還在我老婆身體裡,但現在不在了。

  • my wife, and now he's not. He's no longer in a liquid environment, he is in

    他不再處於一個液態的環境中。他在氣態的環境裡面。

  • a gaseous environment. So something has to change, and in fact it's awesome.

    所以某些東西得有所改變,而事實上,這很棒。

  • To learn more about this let's go talk to somebody that's smarter than me.

    要更瞭解相關消息,去跟某個比我更聰明的人談談吧。

  • Well, my wife could do it but she's tired. Goodnight -Goodnight.

    嗯,我的老婆可以,但她很累。晚安!晚安!

  • Alright, so to figure out how babies go from living in a liquid

    好吧,所以要搞清楚嬰兒如何從一個液態環境轉換到氣態環境之中,

  • environment to an air environment we had to come to smart guy's house, so

    我們必須到聰明人的家。

  • we came to a doctor's house.

    所以我們來到醫生的家。

  • Spiral staircase, you know he's smart. So, let's go check him out.

    螺旋樓梯,你知道他很聰明。

  • Hey how's it going? -Hey Destin.

    所以,我們來找他吧。

  • So this is Dr Schuster, and Dr Schuster

    嘿,你好嗎?嘿,Destin。

  • is, a baby delivery doctor we'll call you for the video.

    所以這是Schuster醫生,而Schuster醫生是…

  • -Alright So, he also plays music, so that lets you know that he's

    在影片中我們稱你為嬰兒接生醫生。好啊。

  • really really smart. So we're gonna get some info from him.

    那麼,他也演奏音樂,而那讓你知道他真的真的很聰明。

  • [music]

    因此我們要從他身上得到一點資訊。

  • OK so my question

    好,所以我的問題很簡單。我們如何從在母親子宮中呼吸液體,轉變成呼吸空氣?

  • is pretty simple. How do we go from breathing fluid inside

    當嬰兒出來時,在通過產道時受到擠壓,

  • the mother's womb, to breathing air? -As the baby's coming out,

    所有在肺部裡面的液體,也就是嬰兒的…尿液

  • and gets squeezed as it's coming through the birth canal. All that fluid that's been in the lungs

    和嬰兒的排泄物,我是說,所有髒東西…

  • which is the urine from the baby and the poop from the baby, I mean all the

    它們一旦受到擠壓,那些東西跑了出來,而嬰兒喘了第一口氣,那吸入的氧氣,

  • bad stuff. Once they get squeezed that stuff comes out and that baby takes that very

    嬰兒所需要的東西。

  • first gasp, that gasp of, oxygen.

    那引起了嬰兒循環系統巨大的改變,

  • The thing that, that baby needs. That triggers huge changes in the circulation

    而且就是那口氣讓所有事物開始運作。嬰兒從此靠自己呼吸。

  • of baby, and that's what allows everything to start working, the baby's breathing on it's own then.

    所以當嬰兒第一次呼吸,真有個像開關的東西被打開還是怎樣?

  • So there's actually like a switch that's flipped or something when the baby

    有些閘門改變了心臟裡面的循環 – 改變了管線 – 如果你想這樣說。真的嗎?嗯。

  • breathes for the first time? -A couple of valves that change the circulation, change the plumbing

    所這些閘門…這些閘門到底在心臟中的哪個位置?

  • if you will, in the heart. Really. So where are these valves

    心臟的上半部。對!有個叫做「卵圓孔」的東西,

  • these valves are actually in the heart? -The top half of the heart, yeah. There's something

    它就是個坐落在左右心房之間的大蓋子。

  • called the foramen ovale, which is just a big flap that sits between the right and left

    一旦嬰兒得到最初一點點的氧氣 – 那第一次呼吸,它就關上了。

  • atrium. It closes, once that baby gets that first little bit of oxygen, that

    好,所以那很神奇。所以第一次嬰兒吸一口氣…

  • first breath. OK so that's pretty amazing. So the first time the baby takes a

    那就是為什麼第一聲哭喊是這麼特別,因為其實就在那一瞬間嬰兒開始獨自生存了。

  • breath, and that's why that first cry is so special, becase that's actually [clicks fingers]

    全都跟呼吸有關。是的。它從呼出自己的排泄物到吸入真正的氧氣,

  • the moment where the baby's, autonomous. -It's all breathing. Yeah it goes from

    生命所需的真正養分。

  • breathing it's own poop, to breathing real oxygen, the real nutrients that it needs

    噢,那太棒了。非常感謝。別客氣。很高興能參與!

  • for life. Oh that's awesome. Thank you very much. -Any time. Glad to do it.

    好,我們這裡有個小伙子。來看看他吧。

  • Alright, we got a little man.

    他生龍活虎的,他的肺部正在運作,而且正在呼吸空氣。

  • Let's check him out. He's alive and well and his lungs are

    就在他出生那一刻發生了一件事情,就是這邊這個。

  • working and he's breathing air. One thing that happened right when he came out

    在他開始發出一點尖銳的聲音之後,我能聽到那聲音…當他從液態環境來到氣態環境時,我能聽到那個改變。

  • is, this right here. After he started squealing a little bit, I could hear

    護士將他帶到這裡,然後她把這根管子插入他喉嚨,

  • that [clicks fingers] change when he went from fluid to, air.

    開始吸出羊水。

  • The nurse brought him over here and she stuck this tube down his throat,

    這小傢伙開始告訴我們他對每件事物的想法。

  • and she starts sucking amniotic fluid. This little

    看看他,到這裡看看他的臉。

  • guy started telling us what he though about everything. So check him out.

    嗯哼。那就是我所說的。看過來。

  • Get in there, see his face.

    這是五個月以前他還在子宮裡的超音波。這是真實記錄。

  • Mmmhmm.. That's what I'm talking about. Check this out.

    如果你靠近點看,你可以看到全部心臟的4個心室。

  • It's an ultrasound from 5 months ago when he was still in the womb. This is real data.

    假如你再更靠近一點看,你可以看到Schuster醫生所提到的那個小東西。

  • If you look close you can see all four chambers of the heart.

    好,我並不了解那個所以必須讓我老婆將它畫到工程圖上我才看得懂。

  • If you look even closer you can see that little thing that Dr Schuster was talking about.

    所以,在你的心臟裡,你有4個心室,還有血,當血液離開肺部,

  • OK I didn't understand that so I had to get my wife to put it on engineering paper

    它穿過心臟回到身體中。

  • so I could figure it out. So in your heart you have four chambers, and the

    然後離開身體之後,它回去通過心臟然後回到肺裡。

  • blood, as it exits the lungs, it goes through the heart and comes back to your body.

    我們都了解這個。但這是在嬰兒離開子宮前心臟的情況。

  • And after it exits your body, it goes back through the heart and then goes back

    你這裡有某種叫做「卵圓孔」的東西,而且你這裡還有個叫做「動脈導管」的東西。

  • to the lungs. We all know this, but here's the deal with

    我聽到你了,小子。等等!

  • the heart before the baby comes out of the womb. You have something here called the foramen

    所以這裡發生的就是在出生之前,「卵圓孔」和「動脈導管」把血液從肺部引開。

  • ovale, and you have here something called the ductus arteriosus. [newborn noises in background] I hear you.

    所以那意味著是大約7%的血流到肺部。

  • buddy, hold on. So what's going on here is, before birth

    老爸在這裡。等等!

  • the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus divert blood

    所以基本上,在出生之前肺部非常非常小。它們還沒有膨脹起來,

  • from the lungs, so what that means is only about 7 percent of

    因為「卵圓孔」和「動脈導管」,它們就在那兒,導引開血流。

  • the blood flow goes to the lungs. [infrant crying] Daddy's here, hold on.

    所以,它一旦翻轉過來,「卵圓孔」在大約一小時之內關閉,

  • So, basically, before birth the lungs are really really

    而且大約五天之後「動脈導管」離開變成一條繫帶。

  • small. They're not inflated, because the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus

    我認為這真的很棒。你可以看到血液100%回流至肺部,

  • which is right here, diverts that blood flow. So once it flips over,

    還有啊…好吧,我去抱他了。你每天都變得更聰明。

  • the foramen ovale closes in about an hour, and the ductus arteriosus

    護士走了,所以我開始亂弄他們的東西。

  • goes away and becomes a ligament after about 5 days. I think this is really awesome.

    嘩!

  • You can see that the blood flow goes back to 100 percent for the lungs, and the..

    看看那個。好吧。現在我打開超級手電筒了。

  • Alright, I'll.. [baby crying] I can get him. You're getting Smarter Every Day.

    這是…這是主動追蹤。

  • The nurses are gone, so I started messing around with

    妳睡著了嗎?現在醒囉!

  • their stuff. Woah.

    容忍我一下。看看這個。我找到一個魔法棒。

  • Check that out. Alright. Now we turn on a super light.

    啥?好吧,看好。所以,這有個大光源,

  • This is , this is

    如果我拿著魔法棒對著光源,然後我開始閃著光離開,光線會追蹤魔法棒。

  • active tracking. You asleep?

    它追蹤它。

  • -Not any more. Just bear with me. Look at this, I found a magic wand.

    所以,它主動追蹤這魔法棒裡的燈泡。

  • What? Alright so watch this.

  • So, there's a big light spot, and if I hold the magic wand

  • at the light spot, and I start blinking away, the lights will follow

  • the magic wand. It tracks it.

  • So it's

  • actively tracking this bulb.

  • [ Captions by Andrew Jackson ]

  • Captioning in different languages welcome. Please contact Destin if you can help.

Hey it's me Destin.

嘿!是我,Destin。歡迎來到Smarter Every Day。

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