Name: 農家だけど「現代農業の経営」について質問ある？ (農家だけど「現代農業の経営」について質問ある？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T15:03:18.000Z
Duration: 25 min 43 s

Well, y'all not letting me ease into this episode.

好吧，你們都沒讓我輕鬆地進入這一集。

You hit me with a haymaker right from the get go.

I grow cotton, corn, soybeans, and wheat here in Tennessee.

我在田納西州種植棉花、玉米、大豆和小麥。

Let's answer your questions from the internet.

讓我們從互聯網上回答您的問題。

How do you get your straight, regular lines in your fields?

您是如何在田地裡畫出筆直、規則的線條的？

Seems to me that farmers take some pretty serious pride in having perfectly straight rows in their fields.

在我看來，農民們對自己田裡的行列整齊劃一是非常自豪的。

Well, I'd like to say it's all due to operator ability.

我想說，這都是操作員的能力所致。

Most of our modern tractors that we use now have what we call autosteer.

我們現在使用的大多數現代拖拉機都有所謂的自動轉向裝置。

The onboard computer is the one that's actually doing the steering of the tractor as we're going through the field.

當我們在田間作業時，車載電腦會實際操作拖拉機的轉向。

I tell you what, let's actually go to the field and I will show you how this works.

這樣吧，我們到現場去，我來給你們演示一下。

Autosteer is possible because of the GPS systems that we have on this tractor.

由於我們在拖拉機上安裝了 GPS 系統，自動轉向成為可能。

When we get to the field, we'll set what we call a guidance line.

當我們到達現場時，我們將設置所謂的引導線。

To get a straight row, we set what we call an AB line.

為了得到直行，我們設置了所謂的 AB 線。

That means that we will put the tractor in the position that we want.

這意味著，我們將把拖拉機放到我們想要的位置。

On the computer, we will go to the other end of the field and we will mark a B point.

在電腦上，我們將走到場地的另一端，標記一個 B 點。

And then the computer will draw a perfectly straight line between the A point and the B point, hit our autosteer button, and the tractor takes over and will actually steer to the line.

然後，電腦會在 A 點和 B 點之間畫出一條完美的直線，按下自動轉向按鈕，拖拉機就會自動轉向，並真正按照直線行駛。

And then that line will then be repeated across the field.

And that's how farmers get their perfectly straight lines in the field.

農民們就是這樣在田裡畫出完美的直線的。

This next one is from the Homestead subreddit.

What are your must-have tools equipment on the farm?

您在農場必備的工具設備有哪些？

For one thing, we need a tractor to pull the various implements that we need to raise crops, whether it be a planter, a plow, a sprayer to apply pesticides.

首先，我們需要拖拉機來拉動種植農作物所需的各種機具，無論是播種機、犁，還是噴灑農藥的噴霧器。

We need a harvest machine to be able to harvest the crop.

我們需要一臺收割機來收割莊稼。

A combine or a combine harvester can actually harvest multiple different crops, but all of them are going to be grain.

聯合收割機或聯合收割機實際上可以收割多種不同的作物，但都是穀物。

If you're growing other types of crops, you're probably going to need a specific type of harvester just for that crop.

如果您種植的是其他類型的作物，您可能需要一種專門用於該作物的收割機。

If you're a grain farmer and you want to be able to take a maximum advantage of the commodity market and sell your crops at the highest prices, you might need a system of grain bins in order to store that crop.

如果您是一位穀物種植者，您想在商品市場上獲得最大的優勢，以最高的價格出售您的作物，您可能需要一套穀倉系統來儲存作物。

You're probably going to need several equipment sheds to store your equipment under because this equipment is hundreds and thousands of dollars and you don't want it sitting outside in the weather during the times that you're not going to use it.

您可能需要幾個設備棚來存放您的設備，因為這些設備價值成百上千美元，您不希望在不使用這些設備的時候將其放在室外風吹日晒。

How do you keep track of what you're growing, how much you're growing, and when to harvest?

您如何記錄自己種植了什麼、種了多少以及何時收穫？

Use any tools, apps, spreadsheets, farm software to help manage costs, sales, or inventory.

使用任何工具、應用程序、電子表格和農場軟件來幫助管理成本、銷售或庫存。

There's a multitude of different tools that we use.

Just about every time that we make a trip across the field, the tractors or harvester or sprayer that we're using has an onboard computer that is logging what we're actually doing.

幾乎每次我們在田間行走時，我們使用的拖拉機、收割機或噴霧器上都會有一臺車載電腦，記錄我們的實際工作情況。

This is a map of one of our fertilizer applications.

The red parts of the field indicate where we were applying more fertilizer, whereas the green parts are where we were applying less fertilizer, and all of this is based upon the soil test that we pull every two and a half acres across the farm, showing the different levels of fertility.

田地的紅色部分表示我們施肥較多的地方，而綠色部分則表示我們施肥較少的地方，所有這些都是基於我們每兩英畝半農場進行一次的土壤測試，以顯示不同的肥力水準。

We're then able to vary the amount of fertilizer we're applying.

This map right here was produced by my combine last year whenever we were harvesting corn.

這張地圖是去年收割玉米時我的聯合收割機繪製的。

It represents the varying yields as we go across the field.

它代表了我們穿過田野時不同的產量。

Around the edges of the fields, most of that is red because that's a lower yielding area of the field, mainly due to the competition of trees surrounding the field, competing for nutrients and blocking sunlight.

在田地的邊緣，大部分是紅色的，因為那裡是田地中產量較低的區域，主要是由於田地周圍的樹木爭奪養分和遮擋陽光。

This map represents all the different soil types.

這張地圖代表了所有不同的土壤類型。

Just because you see dirt out there doesn't mean that all dirt is created equally.

你在外面看到的汙垢並不意味著所有的汙垢都是一樣的。

Some soils may be well-drained, some may be poorly drained, some may be highly erodible, some might have greater natural fertility.

有些土壤可能排水良好，有些可能排水不良，有些可能侵蝕性強，有些可能天然肥力較高。

So as you can see, there's a lot of different technology that we can use and what ties all of this together is usually a software program that we'll have on our computer that we store all this data on that we can then go in and analyze all this data to determine what we need to do for the next year.

是以，正如你所看到的，我們可以使用很多不同的技術，而將所有這些技術聯繫在一起的通常是我們電腦上的一個軟件程序，我們將所有這些數據存儲在上面，然後我們可以進入並分析所有這些數據，以確定下一年我們需要做什麼。

Live City Pajams asks, WTF is a bushel and a peck?

Live City Pajams 問：什麼是一蒲式耳和一斗？

I don't know what a peck is either myself, but I do know what a bushel is.

我自己也不知道 "啄 "是什麼，但我知道 "蒲式耳 "是什麼。

A bushel is a unit of volume that's used to measure dry goods.

蒲式耳是用來測量乾貨的體積組織、部門。

So a bushel of corn is equal to 56 pounds of actual corn, 60 pounds of soybeans, 60 pounds of wheat.

是以，一蒲式耳玉米相當於 56 磅實際玉米、60 磅大豆和 60 磅小麥。

Wesley Rudin asks, how crazy are the GPS systems in the tractors?

韋斯利-魯丁問：拖拉機上的 GPS 系統有多瘋狂？

The GPS systems on your phone, you know, they're probably only really accurate to within 10 to 20 feet.

手機上的 GPS 系統可能只能精確到 10 到 20 英尺以內。

Now when we're in the field, we need a lot greater accuracy.

現在，當我們在野外工作時，我們需要更高的精確度。

Some of the systems on these tractors can be accurate to within one inch of where you actually are on this earth.

這些拖拉機上的某些系統可以精確到你在地球上的實際位置的一英寸以內。

Now this one inch accuracy is possible through the use of RTK on our systems or real-time kinematics using base stations located across an area.

現在，通過在我們的系統上使用 RTK 或使用分佈在不同區域的基站進行實時運動學分析，就可以實現一英寸的精度。

There's a lot of interference between our satellite receiver and the satellites in outer space.

我們的衛星接收器和外太空的衛星之間有很多幹擾。

These base stations help correct for that error to let us know within an inch of where exactly we are in the field.

這些基站可以幫助糾正這一誤差，讓我們知道我們在現場的確切位置。

Why do farmers need to be accurate down to the closest inch?

為什麼農民需要精確到最接近的英寸？

Well, that's because GPS controls a lot more than just actually steering the tractor.

這是因為全球定位系統控制的不僅僅是拖拉機的實際轉向。

A lot of times part of our equipment is passing over a section of the field that has already been planted.

很多時候，我們的部分設備要經過一段已經播種過的田地。

So we have the ability to shut off row by row as we're going through the field, as we get into an area that's already been planting.

是以，當我們穿過田地，進入一個已經播種過的區域時，我們能夠逐行關閉。

So we're not over applying seed and we're also not spending extra money on inputs that we don't actually need.

這樣，我們就不會過量施用種子，也不會把額外的錢花在實際上並不需要的投入上。

There are currently tractors being developed that don't even have a cab, don't even have a place for an operator to sit on and will be operated completely autonomously.

目前正在開發的拖拉機甚至沒有駕駛室，連操作員坐的地方都沒有，可以完全自主操作。

This question is from the subreddit, no stupid questions.

這個問題來自子論壇，沒有愚蠢的問題。

Why does farming have such a high death rate as a job in the USA?

在美國，為什麼農業工作的死亡率如此之高？

是的，農業生產可能極其危險。

And then not only that, we're dealing with an extremely stressful career and some of us can be facing financial ruins.

不僅如此，我們還要面對壓力巨大的職業生涯，有些人還可能面臨財務危機。

I've almost been killed several times on my job.

在工作中，我好幾次差點喪命。

I was actually ejected through the windshield of my combine harvester as I was going down the road at about 22 miles an hour.

實際上，當我以大約 22 英里的時速行駛在路上時，我被彈出了聯合收割機的擋風玻璃。

The combine harvester came within about five feet of rolling over me and crushing me.

聯合收割機就在離我不到五英尺的地方軋過來，把我壓扁了。

I came this close to actually losing my life that day and that actually happened because I was in a hurry and I had taken some safety shortcuts that day.

那天，我差一點就丟了性命，而這其實是因為我當時太著急了，走了一些安全捷徑。

Like, is there just an application for it or do you just start digging?

比如，是有一個應用程序，還是你直接開始挖掘？

If you're row crop farming, the one thing you most definitely need is land.

如果要種植行作物，最需要的就是土地。

And unless you already own a lot of land, you have to go convince other landowners to allow you to farm their land and show them that you can make a profit for them because they're just not gonna let you farm it for free.

除非你已經擁有大量土地，否則你必須說服其他土地所有者允許你耕種他們的土地，並向他們證明你能為他們賺取利潤，因為他們不會讓你免費耕種。

The way I got into farming is that I was actually born into it.

我從事農業的原因是，我生來就從事農業。

That means that there were four previous generations of Grigs that farmed this ground before I had the opportunity to do it.

這意味著，在我有機會耕種這片土地之前，格里格家族已經有四代人在這片土地上耕種了。

Simon Hancock asks, how much profit do you think farmers make?

西蒙-漢考克（Simon Hancock）問：您認為農民的利潤有多少？

I can't speak to how much farmers make, but I can tell you how much we made over the last few years.

我不能說農民能掙多少錢，但我可以告訴你我們過去幾年掙了多少錢。

In 2023, we had a gross income of $1.83 million on our farm.

2023 年，我們農場的總收入為 183 萬美元。

Now of that gross, $72,000 of that was profit.

在這筆總收入中，有 7.2 萬美元是利潤。

That doesn't necessarily mean that $72,000 goes in my pocket and me and my wife can go take a nice fancy vacation.

這並不一定意味著我的口袋裡有了 72,000 美元，我和妻子就可以去度一個美好的豪華假期了。

The vast majority of that $72,000 remained in the business to invest in the next year, whether it's purchasing seed, chemicals, and fertilizer for the next year or making needed investments in equipment.

這 72,000 美元中的絕大部分仍留在企業中，用於下一年的投資，無論是為下一年購買種子、化學品和肥料，還是對設備進行必要的投資。

In 2024, our gross income dropped to $1.65 million.

2024 年，我們的總收入降至 165 萬美元。

In fact, we actually wound up losing $300,000 worth of profit and that was even after the government subsidies that we received.

事實上，我們最終損失了 30 萬美元的利潤，這還是在我們獲得政府補貼之後。

Now, why do we have such a decrease in gross revenue last year?

現在，為什麼我們去年的總收入會下降呢？

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農家だけど「現代農業の経営」について質問ある？ (農家だけど「現代農業の経営」について質問ある？| Tech Support | WIRED Japan)

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