Name: 比爾-蓋茨2021 年《60 分鐘》訪談 (Bill Gates: The 2021 60 Minutes interview)
Uploaded: 2024-12-29T14:21:07.000Z
Duration: 13 min 27 s

程度副詞

Bill Gates helped usher in the digital revolution at Microsoft and has spent the decades since exploring and investing in innovative solutions to some of the world's toughest problems, global poverty, disease, and the coronavirus pandemic, which he spent nearly $2 billion on.

比爾-蓋茨在微軟公司幫助開創了數字革命，此後的幾十年裡，他一直在探索和投資創新解決方案，以解決世界上最棘手的一些問題，如全球貧困、疾病和冠狀病毒大流行，他為此花費了近 20 億美元。

分詞構句

Now, he's focusing on climate change, agreeing with the overwhelming majority of scientists who warn of a looming climate disaster.

現在，他把重點放在了氣候變化上，同意絕大多數科學家的觀點，警告氣候災難迫在眉睫。

The good news is Gates believes it's possible to prevent a catastrophic rise in temperatures.

好消息是，蓋茨認為有可能防止災難性的氣溫上升。

He says in the next 30 years, we need scientific breakthroughs, technological innovations, and global cooperation on a scale the world has never seen.

他說，未來 30 年，我們需要科學突破、技術創新和全球合作，其規模將是世界上前所未有的。

You believe this is the toughest challenge humanity has ever faced?

你認為這是人類有史以來面臨的最嚴峻挑戰？

The amount of change, new ideas, it's way greater than the pandemic.

變化之大、新想法之多，遠遠超過大流行病。

And it needs a level of cooperation that would be unprecedented.

我們受過教育的人比以往任何時候都多。

We have a generation that's speaking out on this topic.

我們這一代人正在就這一話題暢所欲言。

And, you know, I got to participate in the miracle of the personal computer and the Internet.

而且，你知道，我參與了個人電腦和互聯網的奇蹟。

And so, yes, I have a bias to believe innovation can do these things.

是以，是的，我偏向於相信創新可以做到這些事情。

He's talking about innovations in every aspect of modern life, manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, because nearly everything we now do releases earth-warming greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere.

他說的是現代生活、製造業、農業、交通等各方面的創新，因為我們現在所做的一切幾乎都會向大氣層釋放使地球變暖的溫室氣體，主要是二氧化碳。

He took us to his favorite burger joint in Seattle to explain.

他帶我們去西雅圖他最喜歡的漢堡店做了解釋。

You're talking about changing everything in the economy, I mean, every aspect of it.

你說的是改變經濟中的一切，我是說，經濟的方方面面。

So, of what we can see right now, of us sitting around here, what specifically would be impacted?

那麼，就我們現在所能看到的、坐在這裡的我們而言，具體會受到哪些影響？

Well, this cement would be made in a different way.

那麼，這種水泥的製作方法就不同了。

The steel in the building would be different.

You know, the meat in the burger is a big deal.

要知道，漢堡裡的肉可是個大問題。

These, you know, all this plastic and paper, potatoes.

這些，你知道，所有這些塑膠、紙張、洋芋。

With potatoes, you're talking about fertilizer, the irrigation system that's used.

對於馬鈴薯，你需要考慮肥料和灌溉系統。

Or trucks that bring them to this restaurant.

或者是把他們帶到這家餐廳的卡車。

Hey, when you're going to zero, you don't get to skip anything.

嘿，當你要歸零時，你不能跳過任何東西。

Gates says going to zero means eliminating all greenhouse gas emissions or else.

蓋茨說，"零排放 "意味著消除所有溫室氣體排放，否則就會被淘汰。

Then the natural ecosystems will have failed.

到那時，自然生態系統就會失靈。

The instability, you know, the migration.

Those things will get really, really bad well before the end of the century.

在本世紀末之前，這些事情會變得非常非常糟糕。

When you're talking about migration, you're talking about hundreds of thousands of people trying to move from North Africa to Europe every year.

說到移民，每年都有數十萬人試圖從北非遷往歐洲。

The Syrian war was a 20th of what climate migration will look like.

敘利亞戰爭是氣候移民的第 20 個縮影。

So the deaths per year are way 10 times greater than what we've experienced in the pandemic.

是以，每年的死亡人數要比我們在大流行病中經歷的死亡人數高出 10 倍。

In a new book, How to Avoid a Climate Disaster, Gates outlines all the solutions he believes we need.

在新書《如何避免氣候災難》中，蓋茨概述了他認為我們需要的所有解決方案。

He says the U.S. has to lead the world getting to zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

他說，美國必須引領世界在 2050 年前實現溫室氣體零排放。

He supports President Biden's decision to rejoin the Paris climate agreement, but is asking the administration to massively increase the budget for climate and clean energy research to $35 billion a year.

他支持拜登總統重新加入巴黎氣候協定的決定，但要求政府將氣候和清潔能源研究的預算大幅增加到每年 350 億美元。

You've said that governments need to do the hard stuff, but not just go after the low hanging fruit.

您說過，政府需要做艱苦的工作，但不能只追求低垂的果實。

Passenger cars, part of the electric generation with renewables.

乘用車，可再生能源發電的一部分。

The things everybody knows about, that's getting almost all the money, not the hard parts, which is the industrial piece, including the steel and cement.

大家都知道的是，幾乎所有的錢都花在了這些方面，而不是最難的部分，也就是工業這一塊，包括鋼鐵和水泥。

Those pieces we've hardly started to work on.

這些作品我們幾乎還沒開始做。

No one thinks much about cement and steel, but making it accounts for 16 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions, and the demand is only growing.

大家都不太關心水泥和鋼材，但水泥和鋼材的生產卻佔二氧化碳排放總量的 16%，而且需求還在不斷增長。

The world will add an estimated 2.5 trillion square feet of buildings by 2060.

到 2060 年，全球將新增約 2.5 萬億平方英尺的建築面積。

That's the equivalent of putting up another New York City every month for the next 40 years.

這相當於在未來 40 年裡，每個月都要再建一座紐約城。

So one innovative company Gates has been pouring money into is CarbonCure.

是以，蓋茨一直在投入資金的一家創新公司就是 CarbonCure。

They inject captured carbon dioxide into concrete.

他們將捕獲的二氧化碳注入混凝土中。

What they do is they stick CO2 in here, in the cement, and they mix them up.

他們要做的就是把二氧化碳放進這裡的水泥裡，然後把它們混合起來。

And so you're able to actually get rid of some CO2 by sticking it in the cement.

是以，通過把它粘在水泥裡，就能真正排出一些二氧化碳。

Right now they get rid of about 5 percent, but they have a next generation they can get to 30 percent.

現在，它們能去除大約 5%，但它們的下一代產品能達到 30%。

The carbon has been just injected into this, so it's captured it, so it's not going to be released into the atmosphere.

碳剛剛被注入其中，是以它被捕獲，不會被釋放到大氣中。

Gates has already invested $2 billion of his own money on new green technologies and plans to spend several billion more.

蓋茨已將自己的 20 億美元投資於新的綠色技術，並計劃再投入數十億美元。

In 2016, he also recruited Jeff Bezos, Mike Bloomberg and nearly two dozen other wealthy investors to back a billion-dollar fund called Breakthrough Energy Ventures, making long-term, often risky, investments in promising technologies.

2016 年，他還招募了傑夫-貝索斯、邁克-布隆伯格和其他近二十多位富豪投資者，支持一個名為 "突破能源風險投資 "的十億美元基金，對有前途的技術進行長期投資，而且往往風險很大。

It kind of blows my mind, you know, what's the cost of making that stuff?

這讓我大吃一驚，你知道，製造這些東西的成本是多少嗎？

Gates regularly consults with the fund's team of top scientists and entrepreneurs who've so far invested in 50 companies with cutting-edge ideas to reduce carbon emissions.

蓋茨定期與該基金的頂級科學家和企業家團隊進行磋商，迄今為止，他們已經投資了 50 家擁有減少碳排放尖端理念的公司。

What's like the most far-flung idea you've backed?

你支持過的最遙遠的想法是什麼？

There's one that's so crazy it's even hard to describe.

They find geological formations and they just pump water down into them.

他們找到地質構造，然後將水泵入其中。

The energy they've used to pump it in, then they can draw that energy back out.

他們把能量抽進去，然後再把能量抽出來。

So it's a water pressure storage thing, which, you know, when I first saw it, I thought, that can't work.

所以這是一個水壓儲存器，你知道，當我第一次看到它時，我想，這不可能工作。

Because cows account for around 4 percent of all greenhouse gases, Gates has invested in two companies making plant-based meat substitutes, Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat.

由於奶牛排放的溫室氣體約佔溫室氣體總量的 4%，蓋茨投資了兩家生產植物肉類替代品的公司，即 Impossible Foods 和 Beyond Meat。

But farming the vegetables used to make many meat alternatives emits gases as well.

但是，種植用於製作許多肉類替代品的蔬菜也會排放氣體。

So Gates is also backing a company that's created an entirely new food source.

是以，蓋茨也在支持一家創造了全新食物來源的公司。

This company Nature Find is using fungi and then they turn them into sausage and yogurt.

這家名為 Nature Find 的公司利用真菌製作香腸和酸奶。

When you say fungi, do you mean like a mushroom or a microbe?

你說的真菌是指蘑菇還是微生物？

The microbe was discovered in the ground in a geyser in Yellowstone National Park.

這種微生物是在黃石國家公園一個間歇泉的地下發現的。

Without soil or fertilizer, it can be grown to produce this nutritional protein that can then be turned into a variety of foods with a small carbon footprint.

不需要土壤或肥料，就能種植出這種營養蛋白質，然後將其製成各種食品，而且碳足跡很小。

I've had like cashew yogurt or oat yogurt.

Yeah, with the burgers, they're, you know, like beyond impossible.

They're getting close to the real thing, but you can still tell.

它們越來越接近真品，但你還是能看出來。

I'm more of a burger expert than I am a yogurt expert.

比起酸奶專家，我更像是漢堡專家。

Gates never planned to focus on climate change.

But while working in Africa with the foundation he started with his wife Melinda in 2000, he came to see just how vulnerable those in developing countries are to the effects of rising temperatures.

但是，當他與妻子梅琳達於 2000 年創辦的基金會在非洲工作時，他發現開發中國家的人們是多麼容易受到氣溫上升的影響。

So 15 years ago, Gates started educating himself on climate change, bringing scientists and engineers to his office in Seattle for what he calls learning sessions.

是以，15 年前，蓋茨開始學習氣候變化方面的知識，他把科學家和工程師請到自己位於西雅圖的辦公室，參加他稱之為 "學習會議 "的活動。

He also reads voraciously books and binders full of scientific research.

他還貪婪地閱讀各種書籍和裝滿科學研究資料的活頁夾。

Yeah, so this is the most recent one, which is about clean hydrogen.

是的，這是最近的一次，是關於清潔氫氣的。

So you're reading thousands of pages every few days on topics.

是以，你每隔幾天就會閱讀數千頁的相關主題。

Yeah, my reading is key and then asking questions when it doesn't make sense.

是的，我的閱讀是關鍵，然後在不明白的時候提出問題。