Introduced by J.L.

介紹人：J.L.

Austin in his 1962 book, How to Do Things with Words, the theory explains that when we speak, we are not just conveying information, but also performing action.

奧斯汀在 1962 年出版的《如何用語言做事》一書中解釋說，當我們說話時，我們不僅僅是在傳遞信息，同時也是在採取行動。

There are three main types of speech acts.

言語行為主要有三種。

One, locutionary act.

其一，定位行為。

Locutionary act is the act of saying something with a specific meaning.

定位行為是指說出具有特定含義的話語的行為。

Focuses only on the literal meaning of the words, not the intention or effect.

只關注字面意思，不關注意圖或效果。

Two, elocutionary act.

二，雄辯行為。

Elocutionary act is the intention behind the statement, like requesting, promising, or apologizing, which is more than just the words themselves.

口才行為是指陳述背後的意圖，如請求、承諾或道歉，它不僅僅是詞語本身。

It's about what the speaker is trying to achieve through their statement.

這關係到說話者想通過自己的陳述達到什麼目的。

Three, prelocutionary act.

三，行前行為。

The prelocutionary act is about the outcome or effect of the statement on the listener, which is separate from the speaker's intention.

語前行為是指語句對聽者產生的結果或影響，與說話者的意圖無關。