Phenomenology: This approach, developed by Edmund Husserl, focuses on the structures of experience and consciousness.

現象學：這種方法由埃德蒙-胡塞爾（Edmund Husserl）提出，重點研究經驗和意識的結構。

Phenomenologists study how things appear to us through our subjective experiences. 4.

現象學家研究事物是如何通過我們的主觀體驗呈現在我們面前的。4.

Empiricism: Empiricists assert that knowledge of reality is primarily derived from sensory experience.

經驗主義：經驗主義者認為，關於現實的知識主要來自感官體驗。

Key figures like John Locke and David Hume emphasize observation and evidence as the basis for understanding the world.

約翰-洛克和大衛-休謨等重要人物強調觀察和證據是理解世界的基礎。