A new study shows teens who drink alcohol or smoke pot have a three to five times higher risk of brain injury.

一項新的研究顯示，有喝酒或吸毒習慣的青少年腦損傷的風險是平常人的三至五倍高

The study, done by researchers in Canada, surveyed nearly 9,000 Ontario teens.

這項研究是由加拿大的研究員所執行，調查將近9,000位的安大略青少年

The results revealed one in five suffered a brain injury at sometime in their lives — six percent in the past year.

研究顯示五分之一的青少年在人生中有過腦損傷的經驗，6%的人在去年腦受過傷

But if you've witnessed someone who's had a few too many drinks, it shouldn't be too much of a surprise that intoxication and drug use can increase the risk of injury.

但如果你知道有誰平常喝太多酒，就不需要太驚訝酒精和毒品會增加腦震盪的風險

However, the Calgary Herald points out "Researchers can't tell from the survey how the injuries happened. But booze and pot can make people dizzy and disoriented and alter their perception of distance and space."

然而，Calgary Herald指出，“研究人員無法從調查中了解腦震盪是怎麼發生的。但是酒和大麻會使人頭暈目眩，無所適從，改變對距離和空間的認知。”

One of the study's lead authors talked to Canada's CTV.

該研究的主要作者對加拿大的CTV說

There's no cause-effect relationship but what this is to say is it could be both.

酒和毒品使腦震盪沒有因果關係，但是兩者也可能是同時都有

It could lead to traumatic brain injury but it could also be the other way around.

酒和毒品可能導致創傷性腦損傷，也可以是其他形式的受傷

You resort to alcohol and cannabis as a way of coping with the injury.

你依賴酒精和大麻，來做為你逃避現實或逃避受傷的一種方式

Interestingly, the study also found a correlation between grades and risk for concussions.

有趣的是，研究還發現，腦震盪風險和成績之間的關係

Pointing out that kids who have poorer grades are seemingly at higher risk than those with better grades.

研究指出，成績較差的孩子腦震盪的風險似乎比成績好的孩子高

The researchers define a concussion as a blow to the head that causes the victim to go unconscious for at least five minutes.

研究人員將腦震盪定義為打擊頭部導致受害人昏迷了至少五分鐘

A factor in that could cause some transgression in findings for at least five minutes.

「至少五分鐘」這個設定，可能導致的結果有些偏差

As a co-director of the Methodist Concussion Center at the Methodist Hospital System in Houston notes.

衛理公會醫院系統的腦震盪中心的共同主任說：

It's a common misconception that concussion typically knock people out.

人們普遍誤解腦震盪會讓人昏迷

We know that about 90 percent of sports-related concussions do not cause a loss of consciousness.

我們知道，與體育相關的腦震盪，約90％的不會引起意識喪失

It's hard to know how accurate the figures are ... because kids reported on their own history.

很難知道這些數字是否正確...因為是由孩子自己報告自己的過去

And any time studies rely on people's memories, that is a limitation.

依賴人們記憶的研究，通常會有限制(人們會有錯誤的記憶、謊報等等)

There are sometimes no symptoms with concussions — an injury that experts have called a "silent epidemic."

腦震盪有時並沒有任何症狀，專家稱它為「沉默的流行病」

But the most common symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea and confusion.

最常見的症狀包括頭痛、頭暈、噁心和意識混亂