REMATCH BETWEEN BIDEN AND TRUMP,

THE AGES OF BOTH MEN ARE

PROBABLY VOTERS.

WE LOOK AT THE QUESTIONS MANY

HAVE AROUND AGING, MEMORY, AND

THE PRESIDENCY.

>> AGES MUCH MORE THAN JUST A

NUMBER.

IT IS A POTENTIAL LIABILITY.

WE WILL FOCUS ON SOME OF THE

QUESTIONS PEOPLE HAVE.

THIS AMOUNTS TO AN ONGOING

CONVERSATION ABOUT AGE.

>> I LIVED IN SOUTHERN

CALIFORNIA.

I AM 71 YEARS OLD.

NEITHER CANDIDATE HAS IT

TOGETHER IN MY VIEW.

THEY BOTH HAVE SERIOUS

SHORTCOMINGS WHEN IT COMES TO

THEIR CLARITY.

>> I AM 77 YEARS OLD.

WHEN CHUCK GRASSLEY WAS RUNNING

FOR REELECTION AT 90 FOR ANOTHER

SIX-YEAR TERM, WHICH IS VOTERS

GAVE HIM, NOBODY SAID A WORD.

>> I LIVED IN NORTH CAROLINA.

I'M 70 YEARS OLD.

I WOULD NOT HAVE THE STAMINA TO

BE PRESIDENT.

I THINK IT IS WORTH THINKING

ABOUT.

AT THE SAME TIME, THIS IS WHAT

WE HAVE.

>> I LIVE IN VIRGINIA.

I AM 77 YEARS OLD.

I THINK PRESIDENT BIDEN IS VERY

COMPETENT AND VERY

KNOWLEDGEABLE.

IF SHE HAS GAFFES, I DON'T

EVENT AFFECTS HIS ABILITY.

>> NOBODY SAID ANYTHING ABOUT

WARREN BUFFETT OR JANE FONDA OR

DR. FAUCI OR MICK JAGGER OR

HARRISON FORD.

THINK INVOLVE THE PEOPLE WHO IN

THEIR 80'S OR 90'S CONTRIBUTED

TO SOCIETY.

USING MARTIN SCORSESE NEEDS TO

TAKE A TEST BEFORE HE DOES HIS

NEXT MOVIE?

>> VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYY IS A

STELLAR EXAMPLE.

MACROS, THESE GUYS ARE YOUNGER,

MORE ENERGETIC THAN EITHER OF

THE TWO CANDIDATES THAT WE HAVE.

>> I HAVE SEEN SOME PEOPLE LIST

THAT MEDICAL COGNITIVE TEST

REQUIREMENT.

I THINK TO MYSELF, DO WE DO THIS

JUST FOR THE PRESIDENT?

>> WE WORRY ABOUT IMPLICIT BIAS

WHERE WE MAY NOT KNOW THAT WE

HAVE CERTAIN BIASES AGAINST

CERTAIN KINDS OF PEOPLE.

OR STEREOTYPES.

OR PREJUDICE THAT WE MAY HARBOR.

IN THE CASE OF AGEISM, IT IS

LIKE AN EXPLICIT BIAS AND

EVERYONE IS COOL WITH IT.

>> I WATCHED WITH INTEREST THE

RUTH BADER GINSBURG AND DIANE

FEINSTEIN IF THEY HAD ONLY

RETIRED WHEN THEY WERE SUPPOSED

TO.

YOU HAVE TO KNOW WHEN IT IS

TIME.

IF I WAS IN THEIR SHOES, I WOULD

STEP ASIDE AND LET YOUNGER

PEOPLE TAKE OVER.

>> FOLLOWING VERBAL STUMBLES,

POLLS HAVE SHOWN VOTERS ARE

CONCERNED ABOUT THE MENTAL

FITNESS OF BOTH A PRESIDENTIAL

CONTENDERS.

IN A RECENT POLL, 76% OF VOTERS

HAVE MAJOR CONCERNS ABOUT

PRESIDENT BIDEN.

48% OF VOTERS HAVE THE SAME

MAJOR CONCERNS ABOUT FORMER

PRESIDENT TRUMP.

TO HELP US UNDERSTAND MORE ABOUT

WHAT HAPPENS TO OUR BRAINS WHEN

WE AGE AND FOR SOME PERSPECTIVE,

I ENJOYED BY A COUPLE OF EXPERTS

IN MEMORY AND COGNITION.

A PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF

PSYCHOLOGY AT DUKE UNIVERSITY.

AND A PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY

AND NEUROSCIENCE AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-DAVIS.

IT IS ALSO THE AUTHOR OF A NEW

BOOK ABOUT THE POWER OF MEMORY.

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING

US.

I WANT TO START WITH YOU.

PRESIDENT BIDEN IS 81 YEARS OLD.

DONALD TRUMP IS A 77.

HELP US SORT THROUGH WHAT

HAPPENS WITH COGNITION AND BRAIN

FUNCTION AS WE AGE?

>> IT IS FASCINATING.

THE WORK HAS BEEN EVOLVING.

THE BASIC STORY IS THAT MEMORY

GOES DOWN WITH AGE.

I DON'T THINK THAT IS A

SURPRISE.

IF YOU LOOK AT DIFFERENT

INDIVIDUALS, IT REALLY VARIES.

SOME PEOPLE ARE FINE.

OTHER PEOPLE DO HAVE A DECLINE.

YOU REALLY HAVE TO ASK WHAT IS

GOING ON WITH AN INDIVIDUAL

PERSON.

>> LAST WEEK, THE SPECIAL

COUNSEL CONCLUDED NO CHARGES

WOULD BE BROUGHT AGAINST

PRESIDENT BIDEN FOR HIS HANDLING

OF CLASSIC -- CLASSIFIED

DOCUMENTS.

HE SAID THE PRESIDENT COULD NOT

REMEMBER EVEN WITHIN SEVERAL

YEARS WHEN HIS SON DIED.

PRESIDENT TRUMP GAVE A STINGING

REBUKE.

WHEN HE TOOK A QUESTION ABOUT

GAZA, HE MIXED UP THE FOREIGN

LEADER OF A COUNTRY.

>> INITIALLY THE PRESIDENT OF

MEXICO DID NOT WANT TO OPEN UP

THE GATE TO ALLOW HUMANITARIAN

AID TO GET IN.

I TALKED TO HIM AND CONVINCE

THEM TO OPEN THE GATE.

I HAVE BEEN PUSHING REALLY HARD

TO GET HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

INTO GAZA.

>> HE CLEARLY MEANT TO SAY THE

PRESIDENT OF EGYPT, NOT OF

MEXICO.

TWO SLIPS OF MEMORY LIKE THAT

SIGNAL ANY REAL DEFICITS OR AN

ABILITY TO MAKE HARD DECISIONS?

>> I THINK THAT IS THE CRITICAL

QUESTION.

THESE TYPES OF SLIPS ARE NOT

UNCOMMON WITH OLDER PEOPLE.

ESPECIALLY WHEN THEY'RE HAVING

TO RECALL A NUMBER OF FACTS IN A

BRIEF.

OF TIME -- PERIOD OF TIME.

THAT IS NOT NECESSARILY AT ALL

RELATE TO THEIR ABILITY IN

JUDGMENT.

ANOTHER ELEMENT OF THAT JUDGMENT

IS SOMETHING WE CALL EXECUTIVE

FUNCTION.

THAT IS THE ABILITY TO MAKE

JUDGMENTS, TO REALLY SEE THE BIG

PICTURE.

I THINK THE BOTTOM LINE FOR ME

IS YOU HAVE TO TEST THESE

INDIVIDUALS IN TERMS OF HOW WELL

THEY ARE DOING THEIR JOB.

NOT HOW WELL THEY MAY PERFORM IN

A PARTICULAR SITUATION IF THEY

SLIPPED ON A PARTICULAR TOPIC

AND GIVES THEM THING.

I THINK YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT THE

BIG PICTURE.

>> IF YOU WATCH PRESIDENT BIDEN

NOW VERSUS EIGHT YEARS AGO,

THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT HIS

SPEECH IS A LITTLE LESS CRISP.

WHAT CAN WE KNOW AND WHAT DON'T

WE KNOW BY WATCHING HIM?

>> I WANT TO BE CLEAR THAT I AM

A SCIENTIST.

I CANNOT DIAGNOSE ANYONE.

WHAT I CAN SAY IS THESE VERBAL

SLIPS THAT YOU BROUGHT UP, THEY

ARE NOT OF SLIPS PER SE.

YOU JUST GET A LITTLE BIT SLOWER

TO COME UP WITH WORDS SOMETIMES.

AND SLOWER TO CATCH THE ERRORS

WHEN THEY HAPPEN.

I WOULD NOT CALL THOSE MEMORIES

SLIPS.

I THINK SOMETIMES PEOPLE JUDGE

THE APPEARANCE OF SOMETHING LIKE

THAT.

THEY THINK THERE IS A MEMORY

PROBLEM.

IT IS NOT REALLY A MEMORY

PROBLEM.

I KNOW THE PRESIDENT HAD A

STUTTER WHEN HE WAS GROWING UP.

THAT THE MAN'S MORE EXECUTIVE

FUNCTION JUST TO ARTICULATE.

I TOTALLY CONCUR THAT YOU REALLY

HAVE TO ASK THESE QUESTIONS IN A

REAL WAY AS OPPOSED TO

SUPERFICIAL OBSERVATIONS.

>> TRUMP HAS MIXED UP PEOPLE.

WHEN HE WAS TALKING ABOUT THE

JANUARY 6 INSURRECTION.

>> THEY DESTROYED ALL OF THE

INFORMATION.

EVERYTHING.

BECAUSE OF LOTS OF THINGS.

WE OFFERED HER 10,000 PEOPLE.

SOLDIERS AND NATIONAL GUARDSMEN.

THEY TURNED IT DOWN.

>> WHEN YOU WATCH THESE MEN, IS

IT POSSIBLE AT ALL TO GAUGE

THEIR FITNESS FOR OFFICE?

>> I THINK IT IS DIFFICULT.

YOU MIGHT LOOK AT THE TONE OF

WHAT THEY ARE SAYING.

PEOPLE WILL MAKE JUDGMENTS BASED

ON THAT.

BASED ON THEIR COGNITIVE

FUNCTION, IT IS QUITE DIFFICULT.

A COUPLE OF TESTS WILL BE

INSUFFICIENT.

YOU NEED TESTS OVER TIME.

TO REALLY DETERMINE IF THERE IS

SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION.

YOU NEED A BATTERY OF TESTS.

WHAT IS MOST HELPFUL IS AN

HONEST OPINION FROM THE PEOPLE

SURROUNDING THEM WHO MIGHT GIVE

THE TYPE OF INFORMATION THAT

WOULD SAY, WE BELIEVE THIS

PERSON IS ACTUALLY FUNCTIONING

WELL.

IN A POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, THAT

WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT TO

OBTAIN.

>> GENERALLY SPEAKING, WHAT ARE

TYPICAL SIGNS OF COGNITIVE

DECLINE AND WHEN DOES IT HAPPEN

TO IMPACT PEOPLE?

>> ONE OF THE INTERESTING THINGS

I HAVE SEEN AS I MANY PATIENTS

WHO ARE ON THE YOUNGER SIDE WHO

CAN BE VERY ARTICULATE AND YET

THEY HAVE DISABLING MEMORY

DISORDERS.

LOOKS CAN BE DECEIVING.

THERE IS FORGETTING AND THEN

THERE IS FORGETTING.

THERE IS DAY-TO-DAY STUFF THAT

WE ALL FORGET.

YOU HAVE SOMETHING YOU KNOW IT

IS THERE BUT YOU CANNOT FIND IT.

THEY MAY BE A FEW DAYS LATER IT

POPS UP IN YOUR HEAD.

WE CALL THAT A RETRIEVAL

FAILURE.

THEY ARE BENIGN BUT THEY HAPPEN

A LOT AS YOU GET OLDER.

IF YOU MISS STATED EGYPT AND

MEXICO OR IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE

REMEMBERING THE YEARS SOMETHING

HAPPENED, THAT IS MORE IN THE

BENIGN CATEGORY.

BUT IF YOU FORGET THAT YOU MET

THE PRESIDENT OF MEXICO OR YOU

FORGET SIGNIFICANT EVENTS FROM

IMPORTANT PARTS IN YOUR LIFE,

THAT IS A REAL MEMORY DISORDER.

THOSE ARE THINGS I WOULD EXPECT

PEOPLE TO REMEMBER.

>> THERE HAVE BEEN A LOT OF

WORDS THROWN AROUND IN THE

SELECTION CYCLE LOADED WITH

PARTISANSHIP.

DO YOU THINK ANY OF THESE HAVE

VALIDITY?

>> THEY ALL HAVE VALIDITY IN

SOME CONTEXT BUT I'M NOT SURE

THEY HAVE VALIDITY YEAR.

I THINK THAT WILL BE ONE OF THE

MAJOR CHALLENGES WE SEE OVER THE

NEXT YEAR.

PEOPLE ARE GOING TO THROW TERMS

AROUND THAT NEUROSCIENTISTS AND

PHYSICIANS HAVE USED

TRADITIONALLY FOR QUITE

DIFFERENT REASONS THEY ARE BEING

ASKED TO MAKE STATEMENTS ABOUT