notably Aristotle's ideas, posited  Earth at the universe's center and  

尤其是亞里斯多德的思想，將地球置於宇宙的中心，並由

was further developed by Ptolemy  in his 2nd-century work "Almagest."

托勒密在他的 2 世紀著作《天文學大成》中進一步發展。

Ptolemy's model, integrating  complex concepts like epicycles,  

托勒密的模型整合了本輪等複雜概念，

became the prevailing astronomical view for over  a millennium, intertwined with Christian theology  

成為千禧年以來流行的天文學觀點，與

in the Middle Ages and widely accepted in  Islamic and Christian scholarly circles.

中世紀的基督教神學交織在一起，並被伊斯蘭和基督教學術界廣泛接受。

This theory's endurance exemplifies the  fallacy of affirming the consequent.  

這理論的持久性反映了肯定後件的謬誤。

Observations that celestial bodies  appeared to revolve around Earth  

天體似乎圍繞著地球旋轉的觀察

led to the erroneous conclusion that  Earth must be the universe's center.

導致了地球必定是宇宙中心的錯誤結論。

This reasoning assumes a direct  causality from consequence to cause  

這種推理假設從結果到原因之間存在直接因果關係，

without considering other possible explanations.

而不考慮其他可能的解釋。 由哥白尼在 16

The shift to the heliocentric model,  initiated by Copernicus in the 16th  

世紀發起並由開普勒和伽利略在 17 世紀的發現所鞏固的向日

century and solidified by Kepler and Galileo's  17th-century findings, challenged this fallacy.

心說模型的轉變 對這一謬論提出了挑戰。