The Ad Hominem Fallacy occurs when someone  attacks their opponent's character or  

當有人攻擊對手的性格或個人特徵

personal traits instead of engaging with  the actual argument being presented. 

而不是參與所提出的實際論點時，就是訴諸人身謬誤。

This tactic is used to undermine the opponent's  position by discrediting them personally,  

這種策略是透過抹黑對手的個人聲譽來破壞對手的立場，

rather than addressing the substance of their  argument. The aim is to divert attention from  

而不是解決他們論點的實質內容。目的是將注意力從

the argument to the individual, making their  argument seem less credible or convincing. 

論證轉移到個人身上，使他們的論點顯得不那麼可信或令人信服。

Everyday Example: In a discussion about  

日常範例：在有關衛生政策的討論中

health policy, Person A argues, "We should  have universal healthcare because it leads  

，A 認為，“我們應該擁有全民醫療保健，因為它會帶來

to better overall health outcomes." Person B responds, "You just support  

更好的整體健康結果。” B 回答說：“你之所以支持全民醫療保健

universal healthcare because you're a  socialist who hates free enterprise." 

是因為你是一個討厭自由企業的社會主義者。”

Here, Person B is committing an ad hominem fallacy  by attacking Person A's political ideology rather  

在這裡，B 犯了人身攻擊謬誤，攻擊 A 的政治意識形態，而不是

than presenting the actual argument against  universal healthcare to support his refutation.

提出反對全民健保的實際論點來支持他的反駁。