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  • Mass layoffs and record profits at the same time, manager salaries,

    大規模裁員以及企業暴利,還有高階經理人的優渥薪資

  • scarcity of natural resources and imminent climate catastrophe,

    自然資源的缺乏和即將來臨的氣候浩劫

  • morally questionable advertising, child labor, corporate fraud, financial crisis

    道德上有問題的廣告,童工問題,商業詐欺,金融危機

  • and the "Occupy Wall Street" movement ...

    以及"佔領華爾街"運動...

  • These are just a few examples you may have heard about under the topics of

    這些可能只是一些你聽過的例子

  • sustainability

    關於可持續性

  • business ethics

    商業道德

  • or corporate social responsibility

    或者是企業社會責任等議題

  • These themes raise questions about justice for current as well as for

    這些議題引發了關乎現在及未來世代的正義問題

  • future generations.

  • We want to ask

    我們想問的是

  • corporate social responsibility

    企業社會責任

  • --CSR for short--

    縮寫為CSR

  • what is this?

    究竟是什麼?

  • This man made headlines a few years ago.

    幾年前,一名男子上了報紙頭條

  • In 2004, Angelo Ugolotti learned from investigators that he was

    2004年,安傑洛.烏戈洛迪從調查人員那裡得知,他竟然是

  • chairman of the board

    好幾家公司的董事長

  • several companies

    這幾家公司

  • set up by his employer, the Italian milk concern Parmalat.

    是由他的雇主,義大利牛奶公司帕瑪拉特所建立的

  • Angelo however had not even heard of those companies.

    安傑洛卻甚至從沒聽過這些公司

  • At Parmalat, he was responsible for the switchboard.

    在帕馬拉特,他是負責總機的工作

  • You can imagine how the story goes. Corporate fraud at its best:

    你可以想像這一切是怎麼發生的。商業欺詐的最佳代表

  • bogus companies, cooking the books,

    空頭公司,做假帳,

  • bribery, accounts in the Cayman Islands -- the whole works.

    賄絡,在避稅天堂開曼群島開帳戶,這些通通都有。

  • The task of corporate social responsibility is to prevent these and other morally reprehensible practices

    建立企業社會責任的目的就是要避免這些以及其他不道德的行為

  • which can weaken society,

    這些行為將會使社會衰弱

  • damage companies and hurt employees.

    損害企業以及傷害員工

  • More and more companies have realized the relevance of moral practices in their business;

    越來越多的企業意識到道德行為與商業活動的相關性

  • even though they have not always sufficiently implemented CSR, yet.

    即使他們還沒完全執行企業社會責任

  • Concrete preventative measures are often labeled "risk management",

    具體的預防措施往往稱為風險管理

  • a term more commonly used for avoiding

    這個專門名稱常用於避免

  • financial risks and damage to a company's reputation.

    財務風險及損害公司的商譽

  • And no one likes bad press, right?

    沒有人喜歡糟糕的新聞評論,對嗎?

  • Thus, companies define clear rules, so-called "compliance" or "value-management" systems.

    因此,公司訂定清楚的規章制度,所謂的規範和價值管理系統

  • For example, you can accept a bottle of wine from the supplier,

    舉例來說,你可以接受一瓶由供應商提供的酒

  • but you have to pass up a golfing trip to Hawaii.

    但你卻必須拒絕一趟到夏威夷的高爾夫之旅

  • However, risk and compliance management are only one aspect of corporate responsibility correctly understood.

    然而,風險及規範管理是企業社會責任中唯一被正確了解的部份

  • Firstly, CSR is not just about preventing "bad practices," like corruption and fraud and so on.

    首先,企業社會責任並非只避免不好的行為,像是貪汙、詐欺等等。

  • Secondly, this approach does not question a company's business activities, as such.

    第二,這種作法並非在質疑一間公司的經營活動

  • In fact, compliance management could be an efficient control mechanism even in organizations like the mafia.

    實際上,制度管理可以成為一種有效控管的機制,即使是在一個像黑手黨的組織裡。

  • The more challenging question is:

    更具挑戰性的問題是:

  • How can companies contribute to a "good society" through "good business" practices?

    公司該如何經由優質商業行為對優質社會做出貢獻?

  • "Oh, that's easy!" they say.

    有人說"噢!那很簡單!"

  • We'll create a charity foundation or donate a lot of money and, thus, "do good".

    只要創建一個慈善基金會或是捐助大量金錢,那不就是做好事了?

  • Wrong! That won't hurt and may even help, but it is not systemic change.

    這簡直錯得離譜! 雖然那無害而且可能幫得上忙,但是這並非是個系統性變革

  • The important thing is: CSR is about how companies make profits, not about how they spend them.

    最重要的事情是:企業社會責任是關於如何讓企業獲得利潤,

  • not about how they spend them.

    而非如何花掉他們。

  • Corporate social responsibility must not simply be the "repair center" of capitalism.

    企業社會責任必須不是資本主義的"修復中心"這麼簡單而已

  • It has to demand systemic changes in a market economy.

    他必須去要求市場經濟的系統性變革

  • This requires a new role for the key players in this game:

    在某種程度上來說,這對這場遊戲中的關鍵玩家來說,需要一個新的角色

  • companies must become not only economic, but also moral actors.

    企業必須變得道德,並且符合經濟學

  • What is required and important is a stronger integrative perspective

    一個強大的綜合性展望是必須且重要的

  • based on a system of deontological values,

    尤其這個展望須建立在道義價值系統之上,

  • and which is closely related to the company's "core business".

    並且與企業的核心業務高度相關

  • This means social and ecological criteria must be taken into consideration, for example, in the treatment of employees,

    這也代表社會及生態準則必須納入考量,舉例來說,對待員工

  • organization of the production process, offered and produced products and services and how they are marketed, and

    組織的生產過程,提供、生產產品和服務及如何行銷

  • responsible business practices of suppliers, the so-called "supply chain".

    供應商負責任的商業行為,所謂的供應鏈

  • By the way, virtuous managers or the "honorable merchant" alone will not suffice.

    順帶一提,光是正直的高階經理人或是高尚的商人是不夠的

  • We need employees of integrity at all levels of the company, but we also need organizational structures and clear rules.

    所有大大小小的公司都需要誠實正直的員工,以及組織結構和明確的規則。

  • But relying on a code of conduct is also short sighted,

    依賴規範的經營是短視的

  • because in extreme cases it means "act according to some given rules",

    因為在一些極端的例子中,這意味著根據一些特定的規則行事

  • which is the opposite of ethical reflection, namely, actually thinking about good and evil, right and wrong.

    即使這些規則與道德反思相違背,也就是思考是非黑白,正負對錯。

  • In other words: CSR is always about both individuals and institutional structure.

    換句話說,企業社會責任總是與個人和體制結構息息相關的

  • In business ethics, one speaks of individual ethics and institutional ethics.

    在商業道德中,這意味著個人道德和制度倫理。

  • But isn't that unrealistic? Shouldn't the state do more to promote a good and fair society?

    但是這是否不切實際?難道國家不應該多做點什麼來建立一個優質和公平的社會?

  • Granted. It is unrealistic and that's exactly why such questions are important!

    當然。這的確不切實際,而且這就是為什麼這些問題那麼重要

  • Business ethicists don't just ask what the world is like, but also what it should be like

    商業道德學家並非只問這世界是什麼樣子,也問這世界應是什麼樣子。

  • -- how it ought to be.

    如何實現那樣。

  • At the very least, we want to suggest where the journey should lead.

    最起碼,我們想要對社會的方向有所建議

  • At the same time, we want to make practical suggestions about how to embark on that journey.

    同時,我們想要針對如何踏上這方向做出實際的建議

  • One speaks of questions of justification, on the one hand, and of implementation, on the other -- preferably in that order.

    談到正義問題,一方面來說,必須執行,另一方面來說,最好是按照先後順序進行

  • The state, particularly through politics and law, can contribute to the implementation of corporate responsibility,

    國家,可以經由政治和法律,來對企業社會責任的執行作出貢獻。

  • but only within a limited range.

    但也僅限於有限的範圍

  • If we look at society from a bird's-eye view,

    如果我們鳥瞰整個社會

  • we can spot different social systems: the economic system, the political system, the justice system, for example.

    我們可以發現不同的社會制度,比如說經濟制度,政治制度,司法系統

  • One can speak of the "functionally differentiated" society we live in.

    我們生活在功能分化的社會

  • About sixty or seventy years ago,

    在六七十年前

  • some German economists came up with an idea

    一些德國經濟學家靈光一閃的想法

  • that led to the development of the social market economy as we now know it, particularly in Europe.

    推動了我們現在所知的社會市場經濟發展,尤其是在歐洲。

  • They thought that a market economy should be embedded in a political framework that determines the rules of this game.

    他們認為市場經濟應該與的政治框架結合,並由其決定市場經濟活動規則。

  • This underlying idea is still important, but it has become distinctly more difficult to rely on the state alone.

    這個基本的概念仍是重要的,只是很明顯的是,它變得更難以單獨依靠國家本身

  • Societal differentiation has progressed because most systems have internationalized.

    因為大部分體系組織變得國際化,社會分化也隨之變得嚴重

  • "Globalization" is the magic word that applies to most systems,

    全球化像一種魔力,各種體系都在所難免。

  • but not all of them.

    但也並非全部。

  • Politics and, particularly, law tend to be bound to one country's borders,

    政治,以及特別是法律,被緊緊限制在國界範圍之內

  • while the economy, above all,

    而經濟卻恰恰相反

  • is highly internationalized and globalized.

    呈現高度國際化和全球化

  • This makes effective regulation difficult.

    這使有效監管變得困難

  • Thus, it is now not only about the classic rules of the game, but also about the moves of the players,

    因此,現在這並不只是關於遊戲的傳統規則,也關係著玩家們的一舉一動

  • the corporations in a changed and changing world.

    如今的企業已生存在一個在改變和不斷改變的世界

  • And beyond politics and law,

    超越政治,和法律

  • civil society -- in particular NGOs --

    公民社會---尤其是非營利性組織---

  • has gained a strong influence on the economy, as both

    深深的影響了社會,既是

  • vicious watchdogs and as partners of businesses.

    惡狠狠的監督者同時也是企業的好夥伴

  • In 21st century society, we find new, rather odd -- hybrid -- constructs

    在二十一世紀的社會,我們發現嶄新的,但相對來說奇怪的---混合動力---建立在

  • under the notion of "soft laws".

    所謂"軟法"的概念之下

  • These are collective individual commitments to comply with certain social and ecological standards,

    這些都是符合一定的社會和生態標準的集體承諾個體,

  • such as collective industry agreements or the UN Global Compact.

    如集體工業協議或是聯合國全球契約。

  • So companies are supposed to operate responsibly.

    所以企業應該要負責任的經營

  • Is anything really happening???

    有任何事情真的正在發生嗎?

  • There's no clear answer to that question.

    這個問題並沒有真正清楚的解答

  • The cynics say that CSR is like teenage sex:

    諷世者說,企業社會責任就像是青春期的性愛

  • everybody says they are doing it, but few actually are.

    每個人說他們正在做,但其實少數人說得是真的

  • And those who really do it, do it rather badly. ;-(

    而且那些真的在做的,其實做的很差

  • The truth is more nuanced, of course:

    事實當然是更微妙的

  • in the area of corporate responsibility there is also

    在企業社會責任這個領域中,也有所謂

  • "the good, the bad and the really ugly."

    "好"、"不好"還有"醜陋"。

  • More and more companies deal with CSR and take the first steps towards responsible business practices.

    越來越多的企業願意面對企業社會責任,並且跨出負責任商業實踐的第一步

  • We can definitely observe a distinct effort, even though it is still a delicate little plant.

    我們可以確切的觀察到不同的努力,即使這些努力都還只是一棵嬌弱的小樹

  • And of course there are still those who misconstrue CSR as a PR instrument and

    但當然還是有些人誤解企業社會責任而把它當作公關手段

  • simply want to "green wash" or "blue wash" their company.

    只是想"漂綠"或是"漂藍"他們的公司

  • And, unfortunately, there are still companies that don't give a damn about

    不幸的是,仍有公司不願回應

  • questions of corporate responsibility, and which even trample on justice.

    關於企業社會責任的問題,而且甚至踐踏正義

  • Got all that? Let's sum it up:

    全都了解了嗎?讓我們做個總結

  • First, CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility.

    首先,企業社會責任的縮寫是CSR

  • Second,

    第二

  • CSR is based on the question of "good business" for a "good society" -- today and tomorrow.

    企業社會責任是以優質企業回饋優質社會為起點,不只是今天,還有未來的每一天

  • Third, Corporate Social Responsibility is not charity:

    第三,企業社會責任並非慈善事業

  • it is about how companies earn their profits, not how they spend them.

    而是關於企業如何獲得利潤,不是關於如何花掉利潤

  • Fourth, it takes employees of integrity and appropriate organizational structures to realize CSR.

    第四,企業社會責任需要誠實正直以及適當的組織結構去實現它

  • It is a matter of individual and institutional ethics.

    它是個人和機構的的道德問題

  • Fifth, politics continue to play an important role,

    第五。政治持續扮演一個重要角色

  • but in a globalized world the effects of regulation can be limited.

    但在一個全球化的世界,政治監督的效果被侷限住

  • And, thus, sixth, companies play an increasingly important role.

    因此,第六,企業逐漸扮演一個重要角色。

  • Seventh, "soft laws" are new governance mechanisms

    第七,"軟法"是新的治理機制。

  • based on companies' self-commitment.

    基於公司的自我承諾

  • Finally, eighthly, CSR has arrived in business practice.

    最後,第八,企業社會責任成功達成商業實踐

  • It is necessary to support these developments professionally, but also to provide critical perspectives with respect to them.

    提供專業支持給這些發展是必要的,同時也要提供批評

  • Research on issues of corporate responsibility is still beginning

    關於企業社會責任的研究還只是剛開始而已

  • and future developments will be exciting to see. It is unclear whether

    將來的發展可期。現在還不清楚是否

  • a good and fair society can be created with the help of companies.

    在企業的幫助之下,可以創造一個優質且公平的社會

  • But it can't be created without them.

    但這樣的社會,少了企業協助,是不可能被創造出來的

  • [wait! she is coming back.... ]

    等等!!她即將回來....

  • Oh, we almost forgot:

    噢!我們幾乎忘記:

  • besides corporate responsibility,

    除了企業社會責任

  • there's also consumer responsibility. You can practice that the next time you go shopping,

    也有所謂消費者責任。你可以在下次去購物時練習它

  • and there may be more from us on that topic.

    你可能會因此學到更多。

Mass layoffs and record profits at the same time, manager salaries,

大規模裁員以及企業暴利,還有高階經理人的優渥薪資

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