Name: 伊朗的鎮壓機器如何運作 (How Iran's repression machine works)
Uploaded: 2023-01-23T16:55:28.000Z
Duration: 6 min 56 s

On September 13th, a woman named Mahsa Amini

9月13日，一位名叫Mahsa Amini的女性

She was loaded into a van where she was reportedly beaten

她被裝進一輛麵包車，據說她在那裡遭到毆打。

and then transferred to a detention center

where she collapsed and fell into a coma.

Three days later, she died at the hospital

As a result, Iran shut down the country's Internet.

是以，伊朗關閉了該國的互聯網。

of people protesting her death have surfaced

抗議她死亡的人的照片已經浮出水面

including videos of women defiantly cutting their hair,

包括婦女挑釁性地剪頭髮的視頻。

the symbol of beauty the regime wants hidden under the hijab.

這是該政權希望隱藏在頭巾下的美麗象徵。

the streets to enforce the regime's strict dress code.

在街上執行政權的嚴格著裝規定。

They mostly target women and how they wear the hijab,

他們主要針對婦女和她們佩戴頭巾的方式。

arrest them and take them to detention centers.

逮捕他們並把他們帶到拘留中心。

They are one part of the repressive state apparatus

他們是鎮壓性國家機器的一個部分

that wields power over Iranians, but far from the only one.

掌握著伊朗人的權力，但遠非唯一。

In videos of the protests, we can see different armed groups

在抗議活動的視頻中，我們可以看到不同的武裝團體

Understanding who they might be tells us a lot

瞭解他們可能是誰告訴我們很多

about the power structure Iranians are fighting to change.

關於伊朗人正在爭取改變的權力結構。

that operated as a dictatorship. Under the Shah,

作為一個獨裁政權運作。在沙赫統治下。

Iranians lacked political freedoms but enjoyed social ones.

伊朗人缺乏政治自由，但享有社會自由。

economic growth that rapidly transformed Iran

society to an industrial, modernized one.

社會向工業化、現代化的社會發展。

Soon, economic frustrations and political repression

sparked uprisings calling for new Islamic rule.

觸發了要求新伊斯蘭統治的起義。

They went on for a year, but the regime remained in place

他們持續了一年，但該政權仍在原地。

until a crucial turning point: The Army declared neutrality.

直到一個關鍵的轉捩點。軍隊宣佈中立。

It was then that the monarchy collapsed and gave way

就在這時，君主制崩潰了，讓位於

to the Islamic Republic that rules today.

But that neutrality that allowed the regime to come to power

但這種中立性使該政權得以上臺

The revolutionaries did not trust the army,

which was supposed to be loyal to the Shah,

The best strategy was to hedge their bets

that they could trust much more than the army.

他們可以信任的是比軍隊更多的人。

Under the Supreme Leader's rule, the regime kept the old army

在最高領袖的統治下，該政權保留了舊的軍隊

but created a separate military group called

但創建了一個單獨的軍事集團，名為

這群人在長期的戰爭中是至關重要的

The Revolutionary Guard played an important role

在試圖擊退伊拉克軍隊的過程中。

and after that, they managed to turn that political capital

在那之後，他們成功地將這些政治資本轉化為

into economic influence and political power.

As their importance grew, so did their domestic security role,

隨著他們的重要性增加，他們的國內安全作用也在增加。

which sometimes meant fighting against the people.

using assault weapons and men dressed in black

使用攻擊性武器和穿黑衣服的人

riding motorcycles and firing guns into crowds.

These men, dressed in black, fit the description of the Basij,

這些人身著黑衣，符合巴斯基的描述。

a paramilitary volunteer militia under the IRGC

伊斯蘭革命衛隊下屬的準軍事志願民兵組織

that's fiercely loyal to the supreme leader.

這是對最高領導人的強烈忠誠。

Primarily, it was a force that was created

主要是，它是一種被創造出來的力量

In September, Amnesty International obtained documents

showing the armed forces instructed their chain of command

顯示武裝部隊訓示他們的指揮系統

ordering security forces to "confront mercilessly"

As a result, human rights groups say at least

And now Iran has started carrying out executions.

而現在伊朗已經開始執行死刑。

supporting the country's power structure.

And while some should be independent, they aren't.

雖然有些人應該是獨立的，但他們並不是。

because while these government bodies are technically elected,

因為雖然這些政府機構在技術上是選舉產生的。

candidates and reject laws that go through parliament,

候選人和拒絕通過議會的法律。

have continuously stymied and sabotaged those reforms,

a sense of despondency within the society.

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伊朗的鎮壓機器如何運作 (How Iran's repression machine works)

crucial

situation

structure

parliament