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  • Whether you're cold, scared or listening to some great music, you've likely

    當你覺得冷、被嚇到或者聽到感動的音樂,你可能都會有

  • experienced goosebumps at some point in your life. But have you ever wondered why

    這種起雞皮疙瘩的經驗。但你有沒有想過

  • this strange change takes over your body? Named after the way poultry looks

    為什麼你的身體會有這種反應?名稱的由來很明顯的是因為

  • when plucked, goosebumps are a fairly useless trait in humans which have been passed

    看起來像拔光毛的雞,雞皮疙瘩是一個從祖先那得到的一個比較無用的特徵。

  • on by our ancestors. Each hair actually has a tiny muscle attached to it called

    每根毛髮實際上都連接著一個稱作豎毛肌的

  • the erector-pili muscles and when these muscles contract the hair stands up on

    微小肌肉,當他收縮的時候毛髮就會豎立起來

  • end. This contraction creates a shallow depression around the hair causing the

    並且使毛髮周圍連接的皮膚處向下凹陷,造成

  • surrounding area to protrude. And it's the stress hormone adrenaline which

    中間突起。而這種生理反應是

  • triggers this physiological change to occur. So what triggers adrenaline? For

    由腎上腺素催動的。那又是什麼原因讓我們分泌腎上腺素?

  • one being cold, in animals with much more hair on their body this response helps

    當很冷的時候,對於多毛的動物來說豎立毛髮有助於

  • them to stay warm. The standing hair is able to trap more air and thermal

    他們保持溫暖。站立的毛髮間隙裡有較多空氣

  • regulate it ultimately providing an insulated barrier. Apart from this

    來調節溫度,以防止體溫喪失。除此之外

  • adrenaline is also triggered under stressful situations leading to the

    腎上腺素濃度也會因為壓力上升而增加,幫助你

  • "fight or flight" response, like when you're scared. Cats are a perfect example,

    選擇要逃跑或是戰鬥,譬如當你被嚇到的時候。貓就是一個很好的例子

  • if you give them a spook their hair shoots up on end.

    如果你嚇貓,牠們的毛就會站起來。

  • This involuntary evolutionary response allows animals to appear bigger and

    這種反射動作,讓動物看起來比較大

  • more intimidating. But why music has the ability to cause chills or "frisson" as

    也更嚇人。但是,為什麼音樂也會引起雞皮疙瘩

  • it's called is not fully understood. One interesting theory suggests that

    他的原因還沒有被完全證實。其中一個有趣的理論是

  • elements of music such as sudden volume changes or unexpected unique sections

    當音樂的音量突然增加或是某個意想不到的音樂元素

  • induce a sub-conscious fear response. The body loves predictability and so

    會引起潛意識的恐懼反應。你的身體偏好可預測性

  • anything surprising to the autonomic system stimulates an alarm. But this fear

    而意料外的事物會讓自主神經產生警報。但大腦很快

  • quickly subsides as our brain realizes, "hey, it's just music". And this contrast in

    很快就了解到"嘿,這只是音樂"。這種情緒上的對比

  • experience causes the frisson and your goosebumps. There are other

    導致你產生雞皮疙瘩的反應。還有其他的

  • theories as well, ultimately the brain is extremely complex and so a relationship

    不同的理論,我們的大腦非常的複雜,

  • between music, emotion and physiological responses is difficult to decipher but

    音樂、情緒與生理反應之間的交互作用更是難以解釋,而

  • in science it's okay to say that we don't know...yet.

    在科學上來講,可以說我們還不清楚他的原因。

  • Got a burning question you want answered? Ask it in the comments or on facebook and twitter.

    還有其他問題想了解嗎?請上臉書與推特。

  • And subscribe to more weekly science videos.

    訂閱以收看每周的新影片

Whether you're cold, scared or listening to some great music, you've likely

當你覺得冷、被嚇到或者聽到感動的音樂,你可能都會有

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