of elementary particles.

的基本粒子。

And yes, it's really complicated, and no one

是的，這真的很複雜，而且沒有人

in their right mind would try to describe a human being

在他們正確的頭腦中，會試圖描述一個人

in terms of those elementary particles.

在這些基本粒子方面。

But particle physicists have collected elementary particles

但粒子物理學家已經收集了基本粒子

in what's called the standard model of particle physics.

在所謂的粒子物理學的標準模型中。

And those particles for all we currently know,

而這些粒子是我們目前所知道的。

make up everything around us,

構成了我們周圍的一切。

the entire universe, including us.

整個宇宙，包括我們。

Now, a lot of people seem to be

現在，很多人似乎都在

a little bit uncomfortable with this.

有一點不舒服的感覺。

They're wondering, isn't there something more about me?

他們在想，難道我沒有更多的東西嗎？

Am I not a little bit more

我是不是多了一點

than just those fundamental particles?

不僅僅是那些基本粒子？

Where's my consciousness come from?

我的意識從哪裡來？

Whatever happened to my soul?

我的靈魂怎麼了？

Personally, I don't think

個人認為，我不認為

that to describe our observations, our experience

來描述我們的觀察，我們的經驗

of us thinking requires anything more than particle physics.

我們的思維需要比粒子物理學更多的東西。

I'm happy to leave the understanding of consciousness

我很高興離開對意識的理解

to neurobiologists or whatever those fields are called.

到神經生物學家或任何這些領域被稱為。

But I also don't think that we need to add anything

但我也不認為我們需要添加任何東西

to the fundamental laws of nature

對自然界的基本規律

that we have collected in physics.

我們在物理學中收集到的。

I think it's sufficient.

我認為這已經足夠了。

But a lot of people have difficulty with that.

但很多人在這方面有困難。

They want there to be something else,

他們希望有別的東西。

this thing that they call the soul.

這個他們稱之為靈魂的東西。

So one possible route that you can take is

是以，你可以採取的一個可能途徑是

what's called dualism that just says

什麼叫二元論，只是說

we have all those fundamental particles and atoms

我們有所有這些基本粒子和原子

and gravity and interactions and all that kind of stuff.

和重力和相互作用以及所有這些東西。

And on the other side, we have the soul.

而在另一邊，我們有靈魂。

And it just lives in an entirely non-physical realm.

而它只是生活在一個完全非物理性的領域裡。

And this is where I reside in some sense.

而這正是我在某種意義上的居住地。

And this is perfectly fine.

而這是完全可以的。

It's compatible with all we know, so long

它與我們所知道的一切是相容的，只要

as this soul does not interact with the physical side.

因為這個靈魂不與物質方面互動。

Because once it starts interacting with it

因為一旦它開始與之互動

they would have to be part of our theories

他們將不得不成為我們理論的一部分

in the foundations of physics.

在物理學的基礎上。

So for all we currently know from

是以，就我們目前所知，從

the foundations of physics,

物理學的基礎。

everything that isn't in the standard model

不在標準模型中的一切

of particle physics plus gravity is emergent

粒子物理學和引力是突現的

from those particles and the forces between them.

來自這些粒子和它們之間的力量。

And by emergent, I just mean that it can be reduced

而我所說的湧現性，只是指它可以被減少

to the properties of those fundamental particles

對這些基本粒子的特性

like the color of a metal or something like this.

像金屬的顏色或類似的東西。

And this is something that is known

而這是眾所周知的事情

under the word reductionism.

在還原論這個詞下。

There's no observation

沒有觀察

that we have ever made that contradicts this idea

我們所做的一切都與這一想法相牴觸

of reductionism, that fundamentally everything is made of

的還原論，即從根本上說，所有的東西都是由

and everything derives from the properties

而一切都源自屬性

of those fundamental particles.

這些基本粒子的。

But the properties of collective assemblies

但是集體集會的屬性

of particles that in principle you could calculate.

的粒子，原則上你可以計算出來。

In most cases, we cannot.

在大多數情況下，我們不能。

There are certainly no particle physicists who

當然，沒有粒子物理學家會

can calculate what your eye color will be

可以計算出你的眼睛會是什麼顏色

if you give them the properties

如果你給他們的屬性

of all the particles in your body.

你身體裡的所有顆粒的。

But in principle, you know it should be possible.

但在原則上，你知道這應該是可能的。

If you had a big enough computer

如果你有一臺足夠大的電腦

you would be able to calculate it.

你將能夠計算出它。

So on some level you could say that, yeah

所以在某種程度上，你可以說，是的

we are really just constituted

我們真的只是構成了

of all those elementary particles

所有這些基本粒子的

and all that we can do comes

和我們所能做的一切來

about from the interaction of those particles,

這些粒子的相互作用所產生的。

even though that might be an

儘管這可能是一個

entirely useless description of us.

對我們的描述完全無用。

It's nevertheless correct.

不過，這也是正確的。

But I think that actually

但我認為，實際上

we're much more than that on a different level.

我們在不同的層面上比這要多得多。

You could say we're somewhat less than that.

你可以說，我們的情況比這要差一些。

By which I mean that what's important

我的意思是，重要的是

about us is not the particles that we are made of.

關於我們，並不是我們所做的粒子。

It's what those particles can do.

這就是這些粒子所能做的。

And that's what's contained in the information

而這就是資訊中所包含的內容

of how those particles are put together.

這些粒子是如何組合在一起的。

That they make up a human body.

它們構成了一個人體。

Someone who can walk and talk

能夠走路和說話的人

and think and write books or fly to the moon.

並思考和寫書或飛向月球。

Where does this come from?

這是從哪裡來的？

Well, it comes from the way that those atoms are arranged.

嗯，它來自於這些原子的排列方式。

And I actually think that this is a very hopeful message

而我實際上認為這是一個非常有希望的資訊

because it means that in principle

因為這意味著，在原則上

it should be possible to upload your identity

應該可以上傳你的身份資訊

and actually not just your thinking apparatus

而實際上不僅僅是你的思維機器

but your entire body to a computer

但你的整個身體是一個計算機

because there's nothing that stands in the way.

因為沒有什麼可以阻擋的。

All this information about the configuration

所有這些關於配置的資訊

of the atoms in your body, you can formulate it

在你的身體裡的原子，你可以制定它

in mathematics and put it onto a computer.

在數學中，把它放到計算機上。