full pronunciation analysis of the scene. What are  

場景的完整發音分析。什麼是

the characteristics of American English?  Today they're talking about how much to  

美國英語的特點是什麼？ 今天他們談論的是多少錢來

tip somebody for the holidays. Here's  the scene that we'll study together.

給某人過節的小費。下面是我們要一起學習的場景。

Hey.

嘿。

Hey, how much did you guys  tip the super this year?

嘿，你們今年給了管理員多少錢的小費？

Yeah, we were going to give fifty but if you  guys gave more, we don't want to look bad.

是的，我們本來打算給50，但如果你們給的更多，我們不想看起來很糟糕。

Oh, actually, this year, we  just made them homemade cookies.

哦，實際上，今年，我們只是給他們做了自制的餅乾。

And twenty-five it is.

而二十五則是。

You gave them cookies?

你給了他們餅乾？

Money is so impersonal. Cookies  says someone really cares.

錢是如此不近人情。餅乾表示有人真正關心。

Alright we're broke but cookies do say that.

好吧，我們破產了，但餅乾確實是這樣說的。

And now let's do the full analysis.

現在我們來做全面分析。

Be sure to download my Sounds  of American English Cheat Sheet,  

請務必下載我的《美國英語之聲》小抄。

it's free. It's an illustrated reference  guide for you for all the American English  

它是免費的。它是一個圖文並茂的參考指南，為您提供所有的美國英語

sounds including the phonetic symbols you need  to know. Link here and in the video description.

聲音，包括你需要知道的音標。鏈接在這裡和視頻描述中。

Hey.

嘿。

Hey, how much did you guys  tip the super this year?

嘿，你們今年給了管理員多少錢的小費？

If you weren't sure what is a common greeting  in American English, this clip will definitely  

如果你不確定什麼是美式英語中常見的問候語，這個片段一定會

show you that. We have the word 'hey'  four times in a row at the beginning  

給你看。我們在開頭有連續四次的 "嘿 "字

of this scene. This is a much common  way to greet a friend than hello or hi.

的這一場景。這是一種比打招呼或打招呼更常見的問候朋友的方式。

Hey.

嘿。

Hey. Hey. Hey. So the first one a little bit  longer, hey. Hey, the second one shorter,  

嘿，嘿，嘿。所以，第一個有點長，嘿。嘿，第二個短一點。

they both have that up down shape of  stress. Hey, then another one. Hey.

他們都有那種向上向下的壓力形狀。嘿，再來一張。嘿嘿。

Hey.

嘿。

So these were all another way of saying hello. Now  this is just sort of, this is less about hello.  

所以這些都是打招呼的另一種方式。現在這只是排序，這不是關於打招呼。

Joey has already said hello, it's more getting  the attention I'm about to ask you something,  

喬伊已經打過招呼了，這更能引起我的注意，我正要問你話。

hey. And this one is really short. Hey, how  much, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, how much.

嘿。而這個人真的很短。嘿，多少錢，嘿，嘿，嘿，嘿，嘿，嘿，多少錢。

Hey, how much--

嘿，多少錢 --

Just very quick and then the pitch  goes up for our question word how.

只是非常快，然後球場上的我們的問題詞如何。

Hey, how much--

嘿，多少錢 --

Also, the pronunciation of the word hey. We  do say the H in this word, we don't always say  

另外，嘿這個詞的發音。我們確實會說這個詞中的H，我們並不總是說

beginning H's but in this word we do. The H  consonant and the a diphthong hey, hey, hey.

開始的H，但在這個詞中我們做到了。H輔音和a雙元音嘿，嘿，嘿。

Hey.

嘿。

Hey, how much did you guys  tip the super this year?

嘿，你們今年給了管理員多少錢的小費？

I want to pop in to give a huge thanks  to my supporters here on Youtube via the  

我想在此向我在Youtube上的支持者們表示衷心的感謝。

channel membership. When you join, you  get badges to make your comments pop,  

頻道會員。當你加入時，你會得到徽章，使你的評論流行起來。

you get access to emoji and the  top level also gets free audio  

你可以獲得表情符號，最高級別還可以獲得免費音頻。

lessons every month. Thank you so much for  your support. Click join to learn more.

每個月的課程。非常感謝您的支持。點擊加入以瞭解更多。

Hey, how much did you guys  tip the super this year?

嘿，你們今年給了管理員多少錢的小費？

How much did you guys. So, we have  a couple stressed syllables here.

你們有多少錢。所以，我們這裡有幾個強調的音節。

How, up down, how much did you guys.

如何，向上向下，你們做了多少。

Hey, how much did you guys--

嘿，你們有多少...

tip the super this year?

今年的小費是多少？

How much did you guys tip the super. Then  we have two more stressed syllables here as we  

你們給了管理員多少錢。然後我們在這裡還有兩個重讀音節，因為我們

go down. Tip the, and for that shape of  stress, pitch just goes up a little bit,  

下去。對於這種形狀的壓力，音高只是上升了一點。

just a little curve, tip the, and it's a  little longer than the other syllables.  

只是一個小弧度，提示，而且比其他音節長一點。

Tip the super. Su, first syllable stress,  that's the one with the slight up down shape.

提示超級。蘇，第一個音節的重音，就是那個有輕微的上下形狀。

Hey, how much did you guys  tip the super this year?

嘿，你們今年給了管理員多少錢的小費？

This year. And then he makes his intonation go up at  the end. Now, let's look at the words that aren't  

今年。然後他在結尾處讓自己的音調升高。現在，讓我們來看看那些不是

stressed. We have how, stressed. Now, usually when  we're asking a question, the question word how,  

強調。我們有如何，強調。現在，通常當我們在問一個問題時，問題詞是如何。

what, when, where, why is stressed. If we're  making a statement with the question word, then  

what, when, where, why被強調。如果我們用疑問詞做一個陳述，那麼

it's not stressed. For example, “I don't know how  much it cost.” I don't know how, how, how. There,  

它沒有被強調。例如，"我不知道它花了多少錢"。我不知道怎麼，怎麼，怎麼。在那裡。

it's unstressed but if I'm saying how much does  it cost, asking a question then it is stressed.

它沒有強調，但如果我說它要多少錢，問一個問題，那麼它就是強調。

Hey, how much did you guys--

嘿，你們有多少...

So, we gave that length on how and then much,  did, you, guys. Those three words all said more  

所以，我們給了那個長度，關於如何，然後多，做了，你，夥計們。這三個詞都說了更多

quickly and really linking together smoothly, not  much time is given to those less important words.

迅速並真正順利地連接在一起，沒有多少時間給那些不太重要的單詞。

Hey, how much did you guys--

嘿，你們有多少...

And we're also coming down in pitch. So, we  started higher with hey or sorry with how. How much did  

而且我們的音調也在下降。所以，我們以 "嘿 "或 "對不起 "的方式開始提高。多少錢

you guys, and then all of that pitch is starting  to fall down a little bit. That's the general  

你們，然後所有這些投球都開始有點下降了。這就是一般的

trend of sentences in American English, they start  higher in pitch and then they head down. And then  

在美式英語中，句子的趨勢是開始時音調較高，然後下降。然後

we have little lifts and bumps up as we go for  stressed syllables like tip and su in super.

我們有一些小的提升和顛簸，因為我們在強調的音節上，如super中的tip和su。

Hey, how much did you guys  tip the super this year?

嘿，你們今年給了管理員多少錢的小費？

So now that you know, you don't need to  put much effort, time and energy into much,  

所以現在你知道了，你不需要投入太多的努力、時間和精力。

did, you, guys. Now that you know that,  hopefully, it will make it easier for you  

做了，你，夥計們。現在你知道了，希望它能使你更容易接受。

to simplify and imitate this phrase. How  much did you guys. How much did you guys.

來簡化和模仿這句話。你們做了多少。你們有多少錢。

Hey, how much did you guys--

嘿，你們有多少...

Now, he's linking the words 'did you' in one of  the ways we can do this did you. So, the d and the  

現在，他把 "你 "這個詞連接起來了，我們可以用一種方法來做這個 "你"。所以，d和

y are combining to make a j sound, jj, jj which we  write in the phonetic alphabet with these symbols.

y結合起來發出j的聲音，jj，jj，我們用這些符號寫在拼音字母上。

Did you

你是否

So it's not did you but we simplify  that did you, did you, did you

所以不是你，而是我們簡化了你，你，你

did you guys--

你們有沒有...

tip the super this year?

今年的小費是多少？

Tip the super this year?  [flap]. So smoothly connected,  

今年給超級的小費？ [翻頁]。如此順利的連接。

we don't have any gaps or breaks between  words. Everything flows together smoothly.

我們沒有任何字與字之間的空隙或斷裂。一切都順暢地流淌在一起。

Tip the super this year?

今年給管理員小費？

We have the word 'the'. Starts with a voiced  th. The, the, the. We have the word 'this',  

我們有 "the "這個詞。以發聲的th開頭。該，該，該。我們有一個詞'這個'。

starts with the voiced th. Th, th, this.  Now, when we have an unstressed word,  

以聲母th開頭。Th, th, this. 現在，當我們有一個非重音詞的時候。

these are both unstressed and it begins with  a voiced th. One thing that Americans tend  

這兩個詞都不是重音，而且是以發聲的th開頭。美國人有一點傾向於

to do is not bring the tongue tip through so  this is a shortcut. The, the, the, the . Instead,  

要做的是不要把舌尖帶過去，所以這是一個捷徑。該，該，該，該......相反。

the tongue touches the backs of the teeth rather  than coming all the way through the teeth. The,  

舌頭接觸到牙齒的背面，而不是一直穿過牙齒。的。

the, the, this, this, this. It helps to say those  words more quickly. Also the word 'year'. I just  

該，該，這個，這個，這個。它有助於更快地說出這些詞。還有 "年 "這個詞。我只是

want to point out if you look it up in IPA, it  will say Y consonant, ih as in sit vowel schwa  

想指出的是，如果你在IPA中查找它，它會說Y輔音，ih作為坐位元音 schwa。

and the r consonant. Now, schwa R, this  ending changes the ih vowel into something  

和r輔音。現在，schwa R，這個結尾把ih元音變成了某種東西

more like an ee vowel. So it's not  ye, year, but ye ye ye, year, year.

更像是一個咿呀的元音。所以它不是ye，year，而是ye ye，year，year。

super this year?

今年的超級？

The word 'super' is short here for  superintendent and that's the person  

'super'這個詞在這裡是superintendent的縮寫，就是那個人。

who lives at the building and is  in charge of the building. Takes  

他住在大樓裡，負責大樓的管理。攝取

care of maintenance if you have an issue  with your apartment, you call the super.

如果你的公寓有問題，你就打電話給管理員，由他來照顧維修。

super this year?

今年的超級？

Yeah, we were going to give fifty but if you  guys gave more, we don't want to look bad.

是的，我們本來打算給50，但如果你們給的更多，我們不想看起來很糟糕。

So now, Chandler comes in with a fairly long  thought group. What is a thought group? That  

所以現在，錢德勒帶著一個相當長的思想小組來了。什麼是思想組？就是

is a chunk of words that does not have  a break in speech. So if he would pause,  

是指在講話中沒有中斷的一大塊字。是以，如果他能暫停一下。

that would break it up into more  than one thought group but there  

這將把它抽成不止一個思想組，但有

are no pauses. He links everything together,  therefore it makes this one thought group.

是沒有停頓的。他把所有的東西都聯繫在一起，是以它使這一個思想組。

Yeah, we were going to give fifty but if you  guys gave more, we don't want to look bad.

是的，我們本來打算給50，但如果你們給的更多，我們不想看起來很糟糕。

Yeah, we were going to give fifty. So we have  some stress here, yeah, we were going to give  

是的，我們打算給50個。所以我們這裡有一些壓力，是的，我們打算給

fifty. And then we have some stress on the  dollar amount, let's just start with that.

五十。然後我們對美元的數額有一些壓力，我們就從這個開始吧。

Yeah, we were going to give fifty--

是的，我們打算給50...

So, just like up here we did did you, did you  do to make those two words link together a  

所以，就像在這裡，我們做了什麼，你做了什麼，使這兩個詞聯繫在一起。

little bit more smoothly. We take going to  and we make that gonna and you've probably  

更加順暢一點。我們採取去，我們使那會，你可能已經

noticed that. That's extremely common in spoken  English and it doesn't even have to be casual  

注意到這一點。這在英語口語中極為常見，甚至不一定是休閒的。

conversation. You will hear that reduction gonna  in speeches, in you know, the business boardroom,  

談話。你會在演講中，在你知道的，商業會議室中聽到這種減少。

it's just that common. Now, you don't want to  write it, but saying it, it happens all the time.

它就是那麼常見。現在，你不想寫它，但說它，它一直在發生。

Yeah, we were going to give--

是的，我們打算給 --

We were going to becomes we were gonna, we  were gonna, we were gonna. So, we and were  

我們要變成我們要，我們要，我們要。所以，我們和被

both said pretty quickly too. We and then were,  I think we can get by thinking of this as just  

兩人也都說得挺快。我們，然後被，我想我們可以通過思考這只是

schwa R, were, were, were. So fast. Were gonna,  were gonna, were gonna, were gonna, were gonna.  

schwa R，被，被，被。這麼快。是要，是要，是要，是要，是要，是要。

English is full of this contrast of stressed  longer syllables with and up down shape versus  

英語中充滿了這種重讀長音節的對比，並有上行下行的形狀。

unstressed very short syllables, were, were,  were gonna, were gonna, were gonna, were gonna.

無重音的非常短的音節，被，被，被要，被要，被要，被要。

Yeah, we were going to give--

是的，我們打算給 --

Fifty.

五十歲。

Let's just write out the word fifty so that we  can study the word itself. So, we have give,  

讓我們把五十個字寫出來，這樣我們就可以研究這個字本身。所以，我們有給。

ending in a V, then we have fifty beginning with  and F, So, in this particular link, when we have  

在這個特定的鏈接中，當我們有一個V字結尾時，我們就有50個以F開頭的數字。

an ending consonant and a beginning consonant  that are paired. So F and V go together because  

一個結尾輔音和一個開頭輔音成對。所以F和V在一起是因為

they take the same mouth position. V, F, V, F. I  alternate between V and F, the only thing I change  

他們採取相同的嘴部位置。V，F，V，F。我在V和F之間交替進行，我唯一改變的是

is engaging my vocal cords V for that extra voiced  sound versus not F, that's unvoiced, that's the F.  

是讓我的聲帶參與其中，發出額外的聲音，而不是F，那是沒有聲音的，那是F。

So when we have an ending voiced consonant linking  into a beginning unvoiced consonant that is its  

是以，當我們有一個結尾的聲母連接到一個開始的非聲母時，就是它的

pair, we drop the ending consonant usually give  fifty. So you don't have to worry about making a V,  

對，我們把結尾的輔音去掉，通常給五十。所以你不必擔心做一個V。

just link g into fifty smoothly and it'll  sound perfect. Give fifty, give fifty, give fifty.

只要把G順利地連接到50，就會聽起來很完美。給50，給50，給50。

to give fifty--

給予50 --

Fifty. So I'm not hearing tt, a true t, fifty.  But it's more like a soft D. Fifty, fifty, fifty.

五十。所以我聽到的不是tt，一個真正的t，五十。 但它更像是一個軟D，50，50，50。

Fifty.

五十歲。

Fifty. So not tt, a sharp true t release.

五十歲。所以不是tt，是一個尖銳的真t發佈。

Fifty.

五十歲。

But if you guys gave more--

但如果你們給更多的...

Alright, let's look at the rest of the  sentence now. The rest of that thought  

好了，我們現在來看看這句話的其餘部分。這個想法的其餘部分

group and pull out our stressed longer syllables.

組，並拉出我們的重讀長音節。

But if you guys gave more--

但如果你們給更多的...

But if you guys gave more. I'm feeling  that on you but and if said so quickly. But  

但是如果你們多給點。我對你的感覺是，但和如果說得這麼快。但是

if you, but if you, but if you. Do you feel  how you is a little bit longer. But if you.

如果你，但如果你，但如果你。你覺得你是怎樣的一個人，是有點長。但是，如果你。

But if you--

但如果你...

guys gave more--

夥計們給了更多的...

But if you guys gave more, gave more, gave more,  

但如果你們多給點，多給點，多給點。

gave more. We can feel that intonation  change, it's got that up down shape.

給了更多。我們可以感受到這種音調的變化，它有那種上揚的形狀。

But if you guys gave more--

但如果你們給更多的...

We don't want to look bad, we. We don't want to  look bad. Alright, so but if these two words link  

我們不希望看起來很糟糕，我們。我們不希望看起來很糟糕。好吧，那麼，但如果這兩個詞鏈接

together with a flap t, why? We make a t a flap t  if it comes between two vowel or diphthong sounds,  

和一個翻頁t在一起，為什麼？如果一個t出現在兩個元音或雙元音之間，我們就把它變成一個翻蓋t。

here it comes between the uh vowel and the e  vowel, so rather than t, making that a true t,  

在這裡，它出現在uh元音和e元音之間，所以不是t，而是真正的t。

it's just a flap of the tongue which sounds like  the American D between vowels, but if [flap], but  

這只是舌頭的翻動，聽起來像美國元音之間的D，但如果[翻動]，但

if, but if, but if, but if, but if, but if,  but if you, but if you, but if you. Now,  

如果，但如果，但如果，但如果，但如果，但如果，但如果你，但如果你，但如果你，但如果你。現在。

we have an F linking into the word you, it's  going to sound sort of like the word few  

我們有一個F連接到 "你 "這個詞，它聽起來有點像 "幾 "這個詞。

because of how we link things  together and that's okay we want that,  

因為我們如何把事情聯繫在一起，這沒關係，我們希望如此。

we want that smoothness. But  if you, but if you, but if you.

我們想要這種平穩。但如果你，但如果你，但如果你。

But if you--

但如果你...

guys gave more--

夥計們給了更多的...

But if you guys gave more. Guys gave, guys  gave, guys gave. They're a little bit flatter  

但如果你們付出更多。夥計們給了，夥計們給了，夥計們給了。他們有點平淡

because they're feeling unstressed here.  The more important word is more. He wants  

因為他們在這裡感到沒有壓力。 更重要的詞是更多。他希望

to compare so more has that stress not guys gave.

以此來比較，更多的是有壓力而不是傢伙給。

But if you guys gave more--

但如果你們給更多的...

We don't want to look bad. We don't  want to. Alright, so just like gonna  

我們不希望看起來很糟糕。我們不想。好吧，所以就像要

was for going to, wanna is what  we say for want to, wanna, wanna,  

是指去，想是我們說的想，想，想。

wanna. And that's ending in the schwa. Gonna,  wanna, gotta, all of those are ending in an  

想。而這是以分音符結尾的。Gonna, wanna, gotta, 所有這些都是以an結尾的

unstressed schwa sound so it's not wanna ah  but it's uh, uh, wanna, wanna, uh, uh , uh.

無重音的分音符，所以不是 wanna 啊，而是 uh, uh, wanna, wanna, uh, uh , uh.

We don't want to--

我們不希望...

Now let's look at our n  apostrophe t here in don't.  

現在讓我們來看看don't中的n撇號t。

We're probably not going to hear a tt, a true t.

我們可能不會聽到一個t，一個真正的t。

We don't want to--

我們不希望...

Don't want to, don't want to, totally  dropped. So we have a couple different  

不想，不願意，完全放棄。所以我們有幾個不同的

pronunciations for n apostrophe t. One of  them is no t and that's what he's doing.  

n撇號t的發音，其中一個是no t，這就是他的做法。

The N links right into the w. don't wanna,  don't wanna, don't wanna, don't wanna.

N連接到W。不想，不想，不想，不想。

We don't want to--

我們不希望...

look bad.

看起來很糟糕。

Look bad, look bad. So clearly, two different  pitches there. Look is higher, look bad.

看起來很糟糕，看起來很糟糕。所以很明顯，那裡有兩個不同的坑。看是更高的，看是壞的。

look bad.

看起來很糟糕。

The oo there is not ooh but it's uh  like in push. Look, look, look bad

那裡的oo不是oo，而是像push中的uh。看，看，看不好

look bad.

看起來很糟糕。

And the d, we make this with our vocal cords, we  don't du, do a stop and a release. We just bad,  

而D，我們用我們的聲帶做這個，我們不做，做一個停止和一個釋放。我們只是壞。

make this subtle sound in the vocal cords with the  tongue in position for the d. Bad, bad, look bad

在聲帶中發出這個微妙的聲音，舌頭處於D的位置。 糟糕，糟糕，看起來很糟糕

look bad.

看起來很糟糕。

The K, this is a stop consonant which  means there's a stop and a release. We  

K，這是一個停頓輔音，意味著有一個停頓和一個釋放。我們

often drop the release when it's followed by  another consonant and that's what he does,  

當它後面是另一個輔音時，往往會放棄釋放，這就是他的做法。

he doesn't say look bad, look, kk, kk, kk. He  doesn't release that, it's just look bad, look,  

他不說看起來很糟糕，看，Kk，Kk，Kk。他不發佈這個，只是看壞了，看。

little stop of air and ten right  into the word bad. Look bad.

小停的空氣和10的權利進入這個詞壞。看起來很糟糕。

look bad.

看起來很糟糕。

Oh, actually, this year, we  just made them homemade cookies.

哦，實際上，今年，我們只是給他們做了自制的餅乾。

Oh, oh. Very quick kind of quiet oh, oh.  Still a little bit of an up down shape, oh.

哦，哦。非常快的那種安靜哦，哦。 還是有點兒上氣不接下氣的形狀，哦。

Oh,

哦。

Oh, actually, this year, we  just made them homemade cookies.

哦，實際上，今年，我們只是給他們做了自制的餅乾。

Actually this year. So stress on ah,  actually and then more stress on this,  

其實今年。所以壓力很大啊，其實再加上這個壓力更大。

this year. So in other years maybe they have given  him cash but not this year. Actually this year.

今年。是以，在其他年份，也許他們已經給了他現金，但不是今年。實際上是今年。

actually, this year--

實際上，今年 --

we just made them homemade cookies.

我們剛給他們做了自制的餅乾。