Name: 物理學家ミチオ・カクが、マーベル映畫の「マルチバース（多元宇宙）」の矛盾點を解説｜The Breakdown｜WIRED.jp (物理学者ミチオ・カクが、マーベル映画の「マルチバース（多元宇宙）」の矛盾点を解説 | The Breakdown | WIRED.jp)
Uploaded: 2022-07-13T17:55:30.000Z
Duration: 10 min 7 s

we're not just looking for a time criminal.

我們不只是在尋找一個時間罪犯。

We're looking for a low key variation of this guy in the Disney Plus series, Loki, the God of mischief is arrested for time crimes guilty of a crime against the sacred timeline.

我們正在尋找一個低調的變種，這個傢伙在迪斯尼加系列中，惡作劇之神洛基因時間犯罪被逮捕，犯有違反神聖時間線的罪行。

This confirms there's a multiverse in the marvel cinematic universe, an idea that's been teased in previous movies.

這證實了驚奇電影宇宙中有一個多元宇宙，這個想法在以前的電影中已經被預告過。

The next Doctor Strange movie is even called the Multiverse of Madness.

下一部《奇異博士》電影甚至被稱為《瘋狂的多元宇宙》。

But are there real scientific theories behind this fictional multiverse?

但這個虛構的多元宇宙背後是否有真正的科學理論？

I'm Professor Michio Kaku, Professor of theoretical physics.

我是理論物理學教授Michio Kaku。

讓我們來分析一下驚奇的多元宇宙。

In the first episode of the series, Loki goes to time jail and is subjected to this adorable cartoon orientation.

在該系列的第一集，洛基去了時間監獄，受到了這種可愛的卡通定位。

Video less unique timelines battled each other for supremacy.

視頻不那麼獨特的時間線為爭奪霸權而相互爭鬥。

But then the all knowing timekeepers emerged, bringing peace by reorganizing the multiverse into a sacred timeline.

但後來，無所不知的時間守護者出現了，通過將多元宇宙重組為一條神聖的時間線，帶來了和平。

When you watch this clip, you say to yourself, come on.

當你看這個片段時，你對自己說，來吧。

I mean this is just a cartoon, it's science fiction, but believe it or not, elements of that are actually encoded in the laws of physics.

我的意思是這只是一部卡通片，是科幻小說，但信不信由你，其中的元素實際上是在物理學定律中編碼的。

We do believe that at the beginning of time there was chaos.

我們確實相信，在時間之初，存在著混沌。

All these world lines, colliding quantum fluctuations taking place everywhere.

所有這些世界線，碰撞的量子波動到處發生。

And out of that came our classical world are Newtonian world Isaac Newton said that time is like an arrow, It fires in one direction, never deviates.

從中產生了我們的古典世界，即牛頓世界。牛頓說，時間就像一支箭，它朝著一個方向發射，從不偏離。

Einstein comes along and says, no, the timeline is not an arrow, it's a river.

愛因斯坦來了，他說，不，時間線不是箭，是一條河。

A river that can speed up and slow down the Quantum theory says, the river of time can fork into many rivers to create parallel realities.

一條可以加速和減速的河流，量子理論說，時間之河可以分叉成許多河流，創造平行的現實。

We branch off continually every time we make a motion, every time we move there could be a universe where you have a twin brother or a twin sister, another universe where you could be a billionaire, another universe where you could be a mass murderer and believe it or not, you can calculate that number using quantum mechanics.

我們每次做運動時都會不斷地分支，我們每次運動都可能有一個宇宙，在那裡你有一個雙胞胎兄弟或雙胞胎姐妹，另一個宇宙你可能是一個億萬富翁，另一個宇宙你可能是一個大規模殺人犯，不管你信不信，你可以用量子力學計算出這個數字。

All we physicists can do is calculate the probabilities that these universes can exist, but our universe, the so called secret timeline is the common sense universe, the universe of Newton, It is the dominant timeline which is singled out in marvel comics according to marvel comics, a few of these variants that deviate from our timeline can really mess things up and create another big bang of some sort where these multiverses collide, right, But does the multiverse really look like a bunch of squiggly lines?

我們物理學家能做的就是計算這些宇宙可能存在的概率，但我們的宇宙，所謂的祕密時間線是常識性的宇宙，是牛頓的宇宙，它是主導性的時間線，根據驚奇漫畫，在驚奇漫畫中被單列出來，其中一些偏離我們時間線的變體真的會把事情搞亂，並在這些多元宇宙發生碰撞的情況下產生另一次某種大爆炸，對，但多元宇宙真的看起來像一堆斜線？

There are two ways of visualizing the multiverse.

有兩種方法可以將多元宇宙形象化。

One way is to look at this long timeline where we have the past, the present and the future and like a tree branches keep coming off.

一種方法是看這條漫長的時間線，我們有過去、現在和未來，就像一棵樹的樹枝不斷脫落。

Einstein says that our universe is a bubble expanding that peels off a baby bubble or perhaps two bubbles collide, giving you a bigger bubble and we think that is the big bang.

愛因斯坦說，我們的宇宙是一個正在膨脹的氣泡，它剝去了一個嬰兒氣泡，或者也許是兩個氣泡碰撞，給你一個更大的氣泡，我們認為這就是大爆炸。

Most of these bubbles pop into existence and pop right back into the vacuum, never to be seen again.

這些氣泡大多是突然出現，然後直接彈回真空中，再也看不到了。

And so the vacuum that is the state of nothingness is teeming with bubble universes being created and destroyed and that's why Stephen Hawking called it the spacetime foam.

是以，作為虛無狀態的真空中充斥著被創造和破壞的氣泡宇宙，這就是為什麼霍金將其稱為時空保麗龍。

Out of the space time foam, the chaos of all these different timelines.

從空間時間的保麗龍中，所有這些不同的時間線的混亂中。

One bubble just kept on going and that is our universe or in the marvel language, the sacred timeline, the Newtonian world that we see around us.

有一個保麗龍一直在繼續，這就是我們的宇宙，或者用奇蹟的語言來說，就是神聖的時間軸，就是我們周圍看到的牛頓世界。

Cinematic universe and contemporary physics theories seem to align here.

電影宇宙和當代物理學理論在這裡似乎是一致的。

但是，他們在哪些方面出現了偏差？

On behalf of the time variance authority.

I hereby arrest you for crimes against the sacred timeline.

我在此逮捕你，因為你對神聖的時間線犯下了罪行。

Time cops, they are the time variance authorities.

時間警察，他們是時間差異的權威。

They pick out variants who will create their own timeline which will gum up the works and create a collision between multiverses.

他們挑選出的變種人將創造他們自己的時間線，這將破壞工程，並在多元世界之間產生碰撞。

Well, to the best of knowledge, there is no T.

I mean it's from the future, it sounds from the future, the future.

我的意思是它來自未來，它聽起來來自未來，未來。

There's a lot of time travel happening in Loki and in the marvel movies, Is it even possible?

在《洛基》和漫威電影中發生了很多時間旅行，這有可能嗎？

I have no idea what we're talking about time travel here.

我不知道我們在這裡談論的是什麼時間旅行。

Either it's all a joke or none of it is according to Einstein's general theory of relativity time travel is possible.

根據愛因斯坦的廣義相對論，這要麼是一個笑話，要麼就是沒有，因為時間旅行是可能的。

We're good and in fact now we have scores of solutions of Einstein's equations which allow for time travel.

我們很好，事實上現在我們有幾十個愛因斯坦方程的解決方案，可以實現時間旅行。

So this is an active area of theoretical research.

所以這是一個活躍的理論研究領域。

The quantum theory resolves the whole paradox.

Question of what happens if you alter the past to make the future impossible?

如果你改變過去，使未來變得不可能，會發生什麼問題？

The answer is you simply altered somebody else's universe.

答案是你只是改變了別人的宇宙。

If you go backwards in time to save abraham Lincoln from being assassinated at the ford theater, you saved somebody else's Abraham Lincoln who looks just like your abraham Lincoln but your Lincoln died, your timeline is not altered, you've altered somebody else's timeline because the river of Time has forked into two rivers.

如果你倒退到過去，拯救林肯在福特劇院被暗殺，你拯救了別人的林肯，他看起來就像你的林肯，但你的林肯死了，你的時間線沒有被改變，你改變了別人的時間線，因為時間之河已經分叉成兩條河。

So marvel is taking some liberties with the physics of time travel.

是以，奇蹟公司在時間旅行的物理學方面採取了一些自由的做法。

Let's take a step back and see how the multiverse idea was first introduced early on in the M.

讓我們回過頭來看看多元宇宙的想法是如何在M國早期被首次提出的。

All nine realms, all nine realms are passing through each other and gravity light and even matter, it's crashing from one world to the other.

所有的九界，所有的九界都在互相傳遞，重力光甚至是物質，它從一個世界撞向另一個世界。

When you first see this thing out of the thor movies you say to yourself, come on give me a break.

當你第一次看到雷神電影中的這個東西時，你對自己說，來吧，讓我休息一下。

This is just gobbledygook from some Hollywood script writer's imagination but actually there's some physical basis to reality.

這只是一些好萊塢編劇想象出來的胡言亂語，但實際上有一些現實的物理基礎。

In what he said in thor comics we have the nine realms.

在他在《雷神》漫畫中所說的，我們有九個領域。

Nine universes in physics we have nine spatial dimensions and one time dimension.

物理學中的九個宇宙，我們有九個空間維度和一個時間維度。

And so having nine realms in thor would correspond to the nine dimensions of space in string theory according to marvel comics, one dimension has the earth on it and another dimension has Asgard and what connects the two is the bi Frost bridge, the tunnel connecting parallel universes.

是以，在《雷神》中擁有九個領域將對應於弦理論中的九個空間維度，根據奇蹟漫畫，一個維度上有地球，另一個維度上有阿斯加德，連接兩者的是雙霜橋，即連接平行宇宙的隧道。

它是1935年的愛因斯坦-羅森橋。

Albert Einstein wrote a paper with his student Nathan Rosen connecting two black holes together.

阿爾伯特-愛因斯坦與他的學生內森-羅森寫了一篇論文，將兩個黑洞連接在一起。

You take one funnel, take the other funnel upside down, join them together and then you have a bridge connecting to parallel universes.

你拿一個漏斗，把另一個漏斗倒過來，把它們連在一起，然後你就有了一座連接平行宇宙的橋樑。

Any questions, can I have my shoe back in Spiderman?

有什麼問題嗎？"我可以把我的鞋子還給蜘蛛俠嗎？

Mysterio lies about being from another universe.

Mysterio謊稱自己來自另一個宇宙。

There are multiple realities, this is Earth dimension 616.

有多個現實世界，這是地球維度616。

You're saying there's a multiverse but Peter's mind is blown.

你說的是有一個多元宇宙，但彼得的頭腦卻被炸開了。

If you read Spiderman comics, you know that Peter Parker is a nerd, his true love is science and he uses science to defeat his enemies completely changes how we understand the initial singularity.

如果你讀過蜘蛛俠的漫畫，你就知道彼得-帕克是個書呆子，他的真愛是科學，他用科學來打敗敵人，完全改變了我們對初始奇點的理解。

We're talking about an eternal inflation system and how does that even work with all the quantum eternal inflation.

我們談論的是一個永恆的通貨膨脹系統，而所有的量子永恆的通貨膨脹又是如何運作的呢。

那是一種實際的理論和宇宙學。

The theory basically says that big bangs happen all the time.

該理論基本上說，大爆炸一直在發生。

Even as we are speaking, multiverses are being created.

甚至在我們說話的時候，多元世界正在被創造。

That's called internal inflation inflation is basically the creation of a baby universe, but these baby universes are being created all the time in this bubble bath of universes.

這就是所謂的內部通貨膨脹，基本上是創造一個嬰兒宇宙，但這些嬰兒宇宙在這個宇宙的保麗龍浴中一直在創造。

Each universe is perhaps with the laws of physics slightly altered with the flow of time, slightly different.

每個宇宙都可能隨著時間的流逝，物理學定律略有改變，略有不同。

You can go to any physics conference where we have nobel Laureates directors of major laboratories talking about cosmology and they'll say that yes, eternal inflation!

你可以去任何一個物理學會議，在那裡，我們的主要實驗室的貴族獲獎者主任談論宇宙學，他們會說，是的，永恆的通貨膨脹!

This multiverse idea is the dominant theory in cosmology today.

這種多元宇宙思想是當今宇宙學的主流理論。

This universe is only one of an infinite number.

這個宇宙只是無限數量中的一個。

You can't talk about the marvel multiverse without mentioning the sorcerer supreme.

談到漫威多元宇宙，就不能不提到至尊魔法師。

And here we have Doctor Strange Horror aled through the looking glass Horrell through the Einstein Rosen bridge to another reality.

在這裡，我們有奇異博士Horror aled穿過望遠鏡Horrell通過愛因斯坦-羅森橋到另一個現實。

Could different universes actually look like this?

不同的宇宙會不會真的像這樣？

Would the laws of physics be so different?

物理學定律會有如此大的不同嗎？

The debate among physicists today is can the laws of physics actually change in another baby universe, Stephen Hawking Thought.

今天物理學家們的爭論是物理學定律在另一個嬰兒宇宙中是否真的可以改變，斯蒂芬-霍金認為。

So which means that our familiar universe are benevolent universe that we know and Love may have different laws if you go through a wormhole to a different universe.

是以，這意味著我們熟悉的宇宙是仁慈的宇宙，我們知道和愛的宇宙可能有不同的法律，如果你通過一個蟲洞到一個不同的宇宙。

Dark universes, universes of chaos of universes where there's only darkness, no stars, only blackness, stars do not ignite in these other universes.

黑暗的宇宙，混亂的宇宙的宇宙，那裡只有黑暗，沒有星星，只有黑色，星星在這些其他宇宙中不會點燃。