and I have the great privilege of introducing the MAN...

我很榮幸地介紹了這位男人... ...

Alan Sailer. - Hello - Alan Sailer is, if you don't know,

艾倫-賽勒。- 你好--艾倫-賽勒是，如果你不知道。

one of the best high speed photographers that currently does the art.

是目前做藝術最好的高速攝影師之一。

So I'm here in his garden, back behind his house, and we're going to

所以我在他的花園裡，在他的房子後面，我們要去。

basically study explosions underwater with some firecrackers.

基本上研究水下的爆炸，用一些鞭炮。

(Destin) You typically do it with the high speed photography method right? - Yeah it's just a

(Destin)你一般都是用高速攝影的方法吧？- 是的，它只是一個

instant of detonation and I'm really looking forward to seeing

爆炸的瞬間，我真的很期待看到。

uh... time. - Yeah exactly it's not just one moment.

呃......時間。- 是的正是它'不只是一個時刻。

(Destin) This is a M320 Miro Phantom camera and

(Destin)這是一臺M320 Miro Phantom相機和。

what do you hope to learn here? (Alan) I just want to be impressed, so uh..

你希望在這裡學到什麼？我只是想留下深刻的印象，所以... ...

do it. 3..2..1..0 [bang]

做到這一點。3... 2... 1... 0 [砰]

Alright! [laughs]

好吧！[笑]

- Pretty cool. Let's look at the video.

- 挺酷的。讓我們來看看視頻。

[music]

[音樂]

- Oh yeah - Ripple. - Yeah.

- 哦，對了，波紋。- 漣漪。

OK so we decided we wanted a lower exposure time and

好了，我們決定要一個較低的曝光時間和

also a higher frame rate so what we're gonna do is we're gonna change the lens.

也有更高的幀率，所以我們'要做的是我們'要改變鏡頭。

3..2..1..0.. [bang]

3..2..1..0..[砰]

[falling debris] - about 20 feet... - Yep.

[墜落的碎片] - 約20英尺... ...- 是的。

Man the uh.. I wonder if that was from impact or

我不知道那是由於衝擊力還是

if the bottle itself... - No it sucks in... There's cavitation appears on the top

如果瓶子本身...- 不，它吸進...瓶子的頂部出現了空化現象

if you looked at the photograph. -Yeah? Alright let's just look at the video.

如果你看了照片-是嗎？好吧，讓我們只看視頻。

Alright. I have a scientific mystery that I need your help

好吧，我有一個科學之謎，需要你的幫助。我有一個科學之謎，需要你的幫助。

figuring out. Let's first define what an explosion is. Right?

弄清楚。我們先來定義一下什麼是爆炸。對嗎？

So basically it's a rapid formation of gas and you have it contained in some type

所以基本上它是一個快速形成的氣體，你有它包含在某種類型的。

of mechanical device and it increases pressure. And that mechanical

的機械裝置，它增加了壓力。而該機械

restraining device will eventually fail and blow outwards, correct?

限制裝置最終會失效，向外吹，對嗎？

But here's the question. After each shot I would go find the bottle

但這裡'的問題。每次拍完後，我會去找瓶子

on the ground and the bottle would be sucked in on the top instead of blown

在地面上，瓶子會被吸在上面，而不是被吹走。

out like you would think. This is counter intuitive and we have to figure out why.

出像你想象的那樣。這是反直觀的，我們必須弄清楚為什麼。

My theory is that as the bottle blows up on the bottom it begins to shoot up

我的理論是，當瓶子在底部炸開的時候，它就會開始往上射。

like a rocket, and when it does this it starts to wrinkle like

像火箭一樣，當它這樣做的時候，它開始起皺，像...

grandma legs if you can see it, as it pushes the rest of the bottle forward.

奶奶的腿，如果你能看到它，因為它推著瓶子的其餘部分向前。

Now the cap has more mass than the side walls of the bottle, so my theory

現在瓶蓋的品質比瓶子的側壁要大，所以我的理論是

was that the bottle was pushing the cap, but the cap

是瓶子在推瓶蓋，但瓶蓋......"。

weighs too much and so the bottle is out-running the cap. Alan on the other hand

太重了，所以瓶子的重量超過了瓶蓋。另一方面，艾倫

disagreed with me. My position is that after detonation there's nothing but high pressure in the bottle,

不同意我的觀點。我的立場是，在引爆之後，瓶子裡只有高壓。

but Alan referenced me back to some of his photos from his Flickr stream.

但艾倫把我從他的Flickr流引用到他的一些照片。

He always sees bubbles after detonation. Always. What causes

他總是在引爆後看到氣泡。總是這樣是什麼原因

bubbles to form in a liquid? Of course. Cavitation.

在液體中形成氣泡？當然了空化。

A phase diagram is a fancy chart that uses pressure and temperature to describe what state

相圖是用壓力和溫度來描述什麼狀態的花式圖表。

the matter should be in. We're located about right here which is 23 degrees

事情應該是在。我們的位置就在這裡，這是23度。

celcius. Now there's only a couple of ways we can go from liquid

攝氏度。現在，我們只有幾種方法可以從液態的。

over to vapor. One is we can move along the right here and increase the temperature

到蒸汽。一個是我們可以沿著右邊移動，增加溫度。

I don't think we're heating the water up enough in order to do that, so I would conclude

我覺得我們的水加熱得還不夠好，所以我的結論是

that Alan is correct. I believe we are lowering the pressure enough that we go beyond

艾倫是正確的。我相信，我們正在降低壓力，足以讓我們去超越

this vapor boundary and turn into vapor. And all we have to do to turn it back into

這個蒸汽邊界，變成蒸汽。而我們所要做的就是把它變回原來的樣子。

a liquid is repressurize. OK let's look at the cavitation. Immediately after

液體是再增壓的。好的，讓我們來看看空化的情況。緊接著

detonation we're seeing bubbles all over the bottle. That's interesting but

我們看到瓶子裡到處都是氣泡。這很有趣，但

150 microseconds later on the next frame, all the bubbles seem to be confined in one area.

150微秒後的下一幀，所有的氣泡似乎都被限制在一個區域內。

Basically the shock waves are bouncing off the sides of the cylindrical bottle on the inside

基本上是衝擊波從圓柱形瓶內側的側面反彈過來的

and they're bouncing back toward each other and then they're interfering with each other and creating a

他們向對方反彈，然後他們互相干擾，創造一個

low pressure spot. I think that's pretty cool because you can already see the cap

低壓點。我認為這'是很酷的，因為你已經可以看到上限

beginning to suck in. On the next frame you can see what I call the "Wrinkly Grandma Leg Effect."

開始吸納。在下一幀，你可以看到我所謂的"皺紋奶奶腿效應&quot。

Now I think it's pretty interesting that the bubble is collapsing from the left to the right,

現在我覺得很有意思的是，保麗龍正在從左邊向右邊坍塌。

which might mean that's a compression wave going towards the front of the bottle,

這可能意味著，'的壓縮波走向瓶子的前面。

but what's confusing to me is the cap of the bottle is still being sucked in.

但讓我困惑的是，瓶蓋還在被吸進去。

So I convinced Alan to do a self-portrait with me but what I didn't realize is this self-portrait would

所以我說服了艾倫和我一起做自畫像，但我沒有意識到的是，這個自畫像將

reveal more information than any of the other videos. At the point of detonation

揭示的資訊比其他任何視頻都多。在爆炸點

clearly we have high pressure in the bottle. Then you can see the lid suck in

很明顯，我們的瓶子裡有高壓。然後你可以看到蓋子吸進去了

and then.. check that out. The lid shoots off.

然後... 看看這個蓋子射下來了。

So that implies to me that you have low pressure, and then high pressure.

所以，這就意味著，你的壓力低，然後壓力高。

Once the fluid is blown out of the bottom of that bottle, it begins to pull

一旦液體被吹出瓶底，它就開始拉動。

fluid out of the top of the bottle with it. So we have an oscillation in pressure

瓶子頂部的液體也隨之流出。是以，我們有一個振盪的壓力。

Where have we seen something like that before? Sometimes when I'm drinking with a straw

我們以前在哪裡見過這樣的事情？有時當我用吸管喝酒的時候

I like to put my finger over the end of the straw and bring the fluid up out of the cup.

我喜歡把手指放在吸管的末端，把液體從杯子裡帶出來。

And then I'll release my finger and watch what the liquid does.

然後我'會鬆開手指，觀察液體的作用。

It oscillates. That's pretty cool and I think that's caused by fluid momentum

它的擺動。這很酷，我想這是由流體動量引起的。

or the inertia of the fluid itself. So this momentum effect of fluid

或流體本身的慣性。所以流體的這種動量效應

applies to what we're doing too. As the fluid is blown out of the bottom of that bottle

也適用於我們'正在做的事情。當液體從瓶底被吹出時

you can see that it starts to pull liquid out of the top of the bottle and collapse the

你可以看到，它開始將液體從瓶頂抽出，並使瓶身塌陷。

side walls of the bottle. That's pretty cool too. So seriously,

瓶子的側壁。這'也是很酷的。所以說真的。

thanks for your time. It's way more fun to think this through with you. Anyway, if you want the high speed footage

謝謝你的時間。和你一起思考這個問題會更有趣。無論如何，如果你想要高速鏡頭

feel free to download it. Draw me some pictures and show me what you think the shock waves are doing on the video.

隨意下載吧。給我畫幾張圖，讓我看看你覺得視頻上的衝擊波有什麼作用。

This guy did it. I don't think he's exactly right but he took a good stab at it.

這傢伙做到了。我不'認為他'的完全正確，但他採取了一個很好的刺在它。

I'm Destin. You're getting Smarter Every Day. Have a good one.

我是Destin你每天都在變得更聰明。有一個好的。

2..1..0.. [bang] By the way, Alan Sailer

2..1..0..[砰] 順便說一下，艾倫賽勒

grows very good apricots. The Russians have developed a way to use cavitation

種出了非常好的杏子。俄國人已經開發出了一種利用空化的方法

to create a bubble on the front of the torpedo. This is called super cavitation.

在魚雷的前端產生一個氣泡。這就是所謂的超空化。

If you fly the torpedo in that bubble you have way less drag

如果你把魚雷放在那個泡泡裡飛，你的阻力就會小很多。

and you can move that torpedo way fast.

你可以移動魚雷的方式快速。

[ Captions by Andrew Jackson ] captionsbyandrew.wordpress.com

[字幕由安德魯-傑克遜] captionsbyandrew.wordpress.com

Captioning in different languages welcome. Please contact Destin if you can help.

歡迎使用不同語言的字幕。如果你能幫忙，請聯繫Destin。