字幕列表 影片播放 由 AI 自動生成 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 Hello. This is 6 Minute English 你好。這裡是6分鐘英語 from BBC Learning English. 來自BBC學習英語。 I'm Neil. And I'm Sam. 我是尼爾。而我是山姆。 'Friends, Romans, countrymen, '朋友,羅馬人,同胞。 lend me your ears!' Do you 借給我你的耳朵!'你是否 know where these famous words 知道這些名言在哪裡 are from, Sam? I think that's a speech by 是來自,山姆?我想這是一個演講,由 Marc Antony in William 馬克-安東尼在威廉 Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar. Wow, I'm impressed! Caesar has 莎士比亞的戲劇《凱撒大帝》。哇,我印象很深凱撒有 been assassinated and Marc Antony 被暗殺,馬克-安東尼 tries to persuade the crowd 試圖說服民眾 to find his killers. Using words to persuade people, 以找到殺他的人。用語言來說服人們。 giving them a good reason to do 給他們一個好的理由來做 what you say, or to accept your 你所說的,或接受你的 argument, is known as 參數,被稱為 'rhetoric'. In this programme, '修辭'。在這個節目中。 we'll be hearing all about 我們將聽到所有關於 rhetoric and of course learning 修辭,當然還有學習 some related vocabulary as well. The art of rhetoric started 一些相關的詞彙也是如此。修辭的藝術始於 with the ancient Greek 與古希臘 philosophers. Later, during 哲學家們。後來,在 the Roman republic, politicians 羅馬共和國,政治家 and statesmen used rhetoric in 和政治家們將修辭學用於 speeches given to crowds in 向民眾發表的演講 the public square. Although technology has 公共廣場。儘管技術已經 transformed the way we 改變了我們的方式 communicate since then, the 溝通以來,。 art of rhetoric is still 修辭的藝術仍然是 alive today. Modern 活在今天。現代 politicians may prefer 政治家們可能更喜歡 Twitter to the public square, 推特到公共廣場。 but they still use persuasive 但他們仍然使用說服性的 language, including 語言,包括 soundbites - short sentences 音節--短句子 or phrases giving a message 或給予資訊的短語 in an easy to remember way. We'll hear more soon but 以一種易於記憶的方式。我們很快會聽到更多消息,但 first I have a question for 首先我有一個問題要問 you, Sam. Roman politicians 你,山姆。羅馬政治家 used many rhetorical tricks 運用了許多修辭手法 to persuade people including 來說服人們,包括 the argumentum ad hominum 人言可畏 which was an attack on their 這是對他們的攻擊 opponent's moral character. 對手的道德品質。 Another was called the 另一個被稱為 argumentum ad baculum - but 辯證法 - 但是 what did it mean? Was it: a) an argument based on 它是什麼意思?它是:a)一個基於 logic? b) an argument based 邏輯? b)一個基於 on emotion? or c) an argument based on 或 c) 基於以下的論點 the stick? Well, to persuade someone 棍子?好吧,為了勸說某人 your argument needs to be 你的論點需要是 logical, so I'll say a). OK, we'll find out the 符合邏輯,所以我說a)。好的,我們會發現 answer later. Whether you 以後再回答。無論你 want someone to vote for 希望有人能夠投票給 you, or to buy what 你,或購買什麼 you're selling, rhetoric 你的銷售,修辭 can make your message 可以使你的資訊 persuasive. During his 有說服力。在他 career in the adverting 在廣告業的職業生涯 industry, Sam Tatum 行業,山姆-塔特姆 learned a lot about 瞭解了很多關於 persuading people. 勸說人們。 Here he explains the many 在這裡,他解釋了許多 uses of rhetoric to BBC 對BBC使用修辭 World Service programme, 世界服務方案。 The Why Factor. Rhetoric is persuasive 為什麼的因素。修辭是有說服力的 language. We use it rally, 語言。我們在集會上使用它。 to simplify the complex, 來簡化複雜的事情。 to inspire and influence. 啟發和影響。 It's important, I think, 這很重要,我想。 to identify what strategies 以確定哪些戰略 might be influencing us 可能會影響到我們 more than we think. 比我們想象的要多。 By understanding the power 通過了解權力 of language in shaping 語言在形成過程中的作用 perceptions, we can 感知,我們可以 start to see, 'I'm 開始看到,'我是 wondering why people are 想知道為什麼人們在 looking to be so concrete. 看上去是那麼具體。 Are we trying to pull the 我們是不是想把 wool over our eyes on 遮住我們的眼睛 something that's more 的東西,更 far complex than we 遠比我們複雜 actually state?' As well as persuading 實際上的狀態?除了勸說 people, Sam Tatum says 人,山姆-塔特姆說 rhetoric can be used to 修辭可以用來 rally - to bring people 召集人--帶著人們 together in support of 一起支持 a common goal. A recent 一個共同的目標。最近的一次 example of this is the 這方面的例子是 way politicians called 政治家們稱 the coronavirus our 'enemy'. The words politicians choose, 冠狀病毒是我們的 "敵人"。政治家們選擇的詞語。 and the way they use them, 以及他們使用它們的方式。 can influence us more than 對我們的影響超過了 we think. Sam Tatum says 我們認為。薩姆-塔特姆說 we should question whether 我們應該質疑是否 political rhetoric is 政治言辭是 trying to pull the wool 欲擒故縱 over our eyes, an 在我們的眼睛上,一個 informal way of saying 非正式的說法 trick or deceive us. But in the age of 24-hour 騙取或欺騙我們。但在24小時的時代 news updates and non-stop 新聞更新和不間斷的 Twitter, has the skill 推特,有技能 of making a thoughtful 做出深思熟慮的 argument been lost? 爭論已經失去了意義? Here's Kendal Phillips, 這裡是肯德爾-菲利普斯。 professor of political 政治學教授 philosophy at Syracuse 錫拉丘茲大學的哲學 University, speaking to 大學,對 BBC World Service's, 英國廣播公司世界服務部的。 The Why Factor. It's hard to analyse 為什麼的因素。這很難分析 the argument or reasoning of 的論點或推理。 a tweet, 'cos 280 characters 一條推特,因為280個字符 is not a way for me to 不是我的一種方式 lay out a logical argument 陳詞濫調 with a major premise, a minor 有大前提,有小前提 premise and a conclusion, 前提和結論。 it's much easier to just 更加容易的是,只是 use a two-word phrase or 用兩個字的短語或 a hashtag that usually 一個標籤,通常是 ends up adding to that 結果是增加了 kind of polemical division 爭論性的劃分 between my side 在我身邊 and their side. Global problems involve 和他們的身邊。全球性問題涉及 complex issues which cannot 複雜的問題,不能 be solved in 280 letters, 在280封信中得到解決。 the maximum length of a tweet 鳴叫的最大長度 allowed by Twitter. 由Twitter允許。 According to Professor Kendal, 根據肯德爾教授的說法。 we need logical arguments 我們需要邏輯性的論證 containing a premise - 包含一個前提-- something which you think 你認為的東西 is true and you use as 為真,並且你用作為 the basis for developing 發展的基礎 your idea, and a conclusion - 你的想法,和一個結論 - your decision or plan of 你的決定或計劃的 action based on carefully 在仔細研究的基礎上採取行動 considering all 考慮到所有 the relevant facts. For example: climate change 相關的事實。例如:氣候變化 is damaging the planet - 正在破壞地球 - that's a premise; therefore, 這是一個前提;是以。 we should act to stop it - 我們應該採取行動來阻止它 that's a conclusion. Few issues are simply black 這是一個結論。很少有問題是簡單的黑色 and white though, and this 和白色,但這 is a problem because Twitter 是一個問題,因為Twitter debates are often polemical - 辯論往往是爭論性的 - argued very strongly either 爭論得非常激烈,要麼 for or against a particular 支持或反對某一特定 opinion or idea. If you believe passionately 觀點或想法。如果你熱情地相信 in something, you need to 在某些方面,你需要 explain it to people in 向人們解釋它在 a way they understand, and 以他們理解的方式,並 in ancient times rhetoric 古代修辭 also meant building bridges 也意味著建立橋樑 between people and finding 人與人之間,找到 common ground. Like those 共同點。像那些 Romans you mentioned, Neil. Yes, in my question I asked 你提到的羅馬人,尼爾。是的,在我的問題中我問道 Sam for the meaning of 琛琛的意思是 term, argumentum ad baculum. I guessed it was an argument 術語,argumentum ad baculum。我猜這是一個論點 based on logic. Which was the wrong answer, 基於邏輯。這是個錯誤的答案。 I'm afraid. In fact, 我很害怕。事實上。 argumentum ad baculum 辯論會 means the argument with 指的是參數與 a stick, or in other words, 一根棍子,或者換句話說。 hitting somebody with a 打人 stick until they agree 粘到他們同意為止 with you! I guess that's 和你在一起!我想這是 one way to win an argument. 贏得爭論的一種方式。 OK, let's recap the 好吧,讓我們回顧一下 vocabulary from the programme, 方案中的詞彙。 starting with a soundbite - 從一個聲音開始 - a short sentence or phrase 短句或短語 designed to stick 為 粘住 in the memory. When people rally together, 在記憶中。當人們團結起來的時候。 they unite to support 他們聯合起來支持 a common goal. To pull the wool over 一個共同的目標。掩耳盜鈴 someone's eyes means 某個人的眼睛意味著 to trick someone. Logical arguments contain 來欺騙別人。邏輯性論證包含 a premise - a truth used 前提--使用的真理 as the basis for 為基礎的 developing an argument, 形成一個論點。 and a conclusion - a 和一個結論--一個 decision based on 決定的依據是 carefully considering all 仔細考慮所有 the relevant facts. And finally, polemical 相關的事實。最後,論戰式 means strongly attacking 指強烈攻擊 or defending an opinion or 或為某一意見辯護或 idea. But there's no 想法。但沒有 arguing the fact that 爭論的事實是, once again our six 再一次,我們的六 minutes are up! 時間到了! Goodbye for now! Bye! 暫時再見!再見!
B1 中級 中文 論點 山姆 爭論 結論 短語 語言 修辭學。你的說服力如何?- 6分鐘英語 (Rhetoric: How persuasive are you? - 6 Minute English) 26 4 林宜悉 發佈於 2022 年 04 月 14 日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字