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  • Hello there tiktakers! Has any  of you ever dressed up as a  

  • mummy for Halloween or a costume  party? Some of you probably have.  

  • After all, Mummies have always played an  important role in the world of horror.

  • However, do you know what mummies really areOr even better: Do you know all the different  

  • kinds of mummies that exist? We certainly  didn't! And we got really surprised when we  

  • learned about the many peoples and cultures  that used to mummify their dead, tiktakers.

  • First of all, technically speaking a mummy  is: The corpse of a human being or an animal,  

  • which has been conserved pretty  well without decomposing,  

  • due to natural causes or special  substances applied to the corpse. So,  

  • let's start by keeping in mind that  there can be different kinds of mummies:

  • When most of us think of a mummy, we most  likely think about the Egyptian ones.  

  • And sure enough, the Egyptian mummies are  probably the most well-known in the world.  

  • One of the most famous ones was the  mummy of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun,  

  • which was discovered in 1922, and has been  an object of study and cult since then.

  • In Egypt, the process of mummification  consisted of several steps

  • - First, the corpse had to be  washed and perfumed on the outside 

  • - Then the organs would be  removed, and placed in glasses 

  • - Then the abdomen would be filled with  myrrh, and the body would then be submerged  

  • in a mineral called natron for 70 days - After that time, the body would be  

  • dried pretty well, and then would  be completely stuffed with myrrh

  • Once that entire process was completedthe body would then be wrapped in bandages  

  • impregnated in resins or tar. Sometimes, amulets  would also be added to the bandages. And lastly,  

  • all that was left was to put the mummy in the  sarcophagus. Keep in mind that this process  

  • was carried out only for very important  people tiktakerscommoners in Egypt were  

  • buried in pits with specific characteristics  that made natural mummification possible.

  • And even though we know about  Egyptian mummies really well,  

  • turns out the Egyptians weren't the  first ones to mummify their deceased!  

  • Two millennia before them, the Chinchorro  culture already practiced mummification in  

  • northern Chile, and they also employed pretty  sophisticated mummification techniques!

  • However, it took a long time for us to discover  that. It was in 1917 when several researchers  

  • found near the Atacama desert, at the Chinchorro  beach, a few bodies that were surprisingly well  

  • conserved. Archaeologist Max Uhle was in  charge of studying and classifying them,  

  • but at the time they didn't have the advanced  techniques we have today to analyze them.  

  • And so, many questions about those  bodies could not be answered yet.

  • We had to wait until 1983 to discover that those  were in fact, the most ancient mummies in the  

  • entire world. During some works in a promontory,  a graveyard filled with bodies was found.  

  • This time around, anthropologist Bernardo  Arriaza was in charge of investigating the place,  

  • and with his team they managed to determine  that those bodies were approximately  

  • 7000 years old. That marked a before  and after in history, tiktakers!

  • Over time, we learned that at first, the  Chinchorro people limited themselves to bury  

  • their dead in the dessert, covering  them with mats and camelid skins.  

  • They would also add shells, fishhooks, or fishing  nets to the bodies. However, over time they also  

  • started doing artificial mummification. The  first mummies date from the year 5050 B.C.,  

  • and ended up completely black because  they painted their bodies in magnesium.

  • The process was specially gruesome, since they  would decapitate the corpse, then cut off the  

  • feet, and then flay all of its skin off. Then  the brain would be removed to fill the skull with  

  • herbs, ashes or sand, and then they would tie up  the skull and the jaw with rope afterwards. They  

  • would leave just the skeleton of the body to then  rebuild it, and cover it with a white ash paste.  

  • Later on they would put the skin and hair back  on, to then spread magnesium all over the body.

  • This changed more or less in the year 2500 B.C..  There is evidence that then appeared a second  

  • type of mummies: Red mummies. In this case, they  would extract the dead person's organs through  

  • small cuts. Then the body would be dried up, and  held with sticks. Inside, they would put ashes,  

  • feathers, herbs, and other substances. All of  this was done through the hole of the head, part  

  • of the body which they would then put back in its  place. Another curious aspect about this is that  

  • they also replaced the flesh on the face. In that  case, a red paste was spread over the entire body.

  • And later on, in the year 2000 B.C., they  started to use a different technique. This  

  • time around they would smoke the bodies, and then  cover them in a thick layer of sand and clay.

  • As you can see, the mummification process has  evolved over the years, but the Chinchorro culture  

  • developed pretty advanced conservation techniques  for the time. Were you familiar with any of this?  

  • We were truly impressed with everything we  learned about mummies when making this video!

Hello there tiktakers! Has any  of you ever dressed up as a  

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HOW ARE MUMMIES PRESERVED? | Draw My Life

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    Julianne Sung 發佈於 2021 年 12 月 25 日
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