Name: 天然氣價格為何如此之高？| CNBC的解釋 (Why are natural gas prices so high? | CNBC Explains)
Uploaded: 2021-10-07T19:40:28.000Z
Duration: 8 min 29 s

gas prices are at record highs across the world.

世界各地的天然氣價格正處於歷史高位。

情態副詞

But the situation has especially become a problem in europe.

但這種情況在歐洲尤其成為一個問題。

程度副詞

Several governments have warned european countries could face gas shortages and even blackouts as temperatures drop.

一些政府已經警告說，隨著氣溫下降，歐洲國家可能面臨天然氣短缺甚至停電。

Natural gas is one of europe's top sources of power, a move that has proven costly.

天然氣是歐洲最主要的電力來源之一，此舉已被證明成本高昂。

The continent's gas prices have surged by nearly 500% over the previous year.

該大陸的天然氣價格比前一年飆升了近500%。

Particular concern is how this will impact millions of low income households were going to be facing a really tight squeeze on their finances through winter.

特別值得關注的是，這將如何影響數百萬低收入家庭，他們將在整個冬季面臨真正的財務緊縮。

There's been research that suggested that in the UK for example, a typical low-income household will be as much as £1,750 worse off by next spring.

有研究表明，以英國為例，到明年春天，一個典型的低收入家庭的收入將減少多達1750英鎊。

That's a huge concern, particularly as analysts warned that sky high gas prices are likely to be here to stay for that period for policymakers, this is really the stuff of nightmares.

這是一個巨大的擔憂，特別是當分析師警告說，天價汽油可能會在這段時間內持續存在，對於政策制定者來說，這確實是噩夢的東西。

So what is behind the increase in prices around the world?

那麼，世界各地價格上漲的背後是什麼呢？

One of the reasons behind the natural gas price hike is rising demand to learn more.

天然氣價格上漲背後的原因之一是需求上升，瞭解更多。

I called up Sam MEREDITH, a correspondent for CNBC who follows energy closely.

我打電話給CNBC的記者Sam MEREDITH，他密切關注能源。

So why have we seen demand shoots up in the way that it has in recent months.

那麼，為什麼我們看到需求以最近幾個月的方式激增。

We've seen hot weather in places like china and Japan and South Korea really drive up demand for liquefied natural gas and that's raising prices.

我們已經看到中國、日本和韓國等地的炎熱天氣確實推動了對液化天然氣的需求，這也提高了價格。

Whereas in South America in a country like brazil a drought has seen it look to really ramp up its gas fired power generation.

而在南美洲，像巴西這樣的國家，由於乾旱，它希望真正加強其天然氣發電。

When you bring this back to europe, we saw in april May earlier this year, unseasonably cold weather conditions.

當你把這個問題帶回歐洲時，我們在今年4月5月初看到了反常的寒冷天氣狀況。

And this meant that europe's natural gas storage levels dipped below pre pandemic five year averages to those closely monitoring europe's natural gas storage levels.

這意味著歐洲的天然氣儲存水準低於大流行前的五年平均水平，而那些密切關注歐洲天然氣儲存水準的人。

A clear warning sign of a potential supply crunch and sam is exactly right.

一個潛在的供應緊縮的明顯警告信號，而薩姆是完全正確的。

The rising demand only tells half the story.

需求的上升只說明瞭問題的一半。

Supply has also been on the decline as well.

Over the last few decades, domestic production amongst major european suppliers has dwindled significantly.

在過去的幾十年中，歐洲主要供應商的國內生產已經大大減少。

For instance, in 2020, Dutch and British supplies of natural gas.

例如，在2020年，荷蘭和英國的天然氣供應。

We're down by about 75% and 65%, respectively, from the uh peaks reached more than two decades ago.

與二十多年前達到的呃高峰相比，我們分別下降了約75%和65%。

This decline happened because suppliers in some European countries had environmental and financial concerns about major gas storage sites.

這種下降的發生是因為一些歐洲國家的供應商對主要的天然氣儲存地有環境和財政方面的擔憂。

For example, in 2017, energy giant Centrica shut down the UK's largest natural gas storage facility after it was deemed neither safe nor financially sustainable enough to operate.

例如，在2017年，能源巨頭Centrica關閉了英國最大的天然氣儲存設施，因為它被認為既不安全，也沒有足夠的財務可持續性來運作。

It had been responsible for providing up to 70% of the country's gas storage capacity.

它曾負責提供該國高達70%的天然氣儲存能力。

The decline in domestic production increased these countries, reliance on international suppliers such as Russia take the Netherlands imports rose from nearly 17,000 m3 in 2009 to more than 49,000 and 2019.

國內產量的下降增加了這些國家對俄羅斯等國際供應商的依賴，以荷蘭為例，進口量從2009年的近17,000立方米上升到49,000多和2019年。

I found that exports from Russia make up more than half of Europe's gas exports.

我發現，來自俄羅斯的出口佔到歐洲天然氣出口的一半以上。

How does this affect the trading links between Russia and the rest of Europe to Russia is a gas rich country, hugely so.

這對俄羅斯和歐洲其他國家之間的貿易聯繫有什麼影響呢？

And as you said, supplies a significant amount of the EU's gas.

而且正如你所說的，為歐盟提供了大量的天然氣。

What this often means is that it's a hugely sensitive geopolitical issue.

這往往意味著，這是一個極為敏感的地緣政治問題。

What we're seeing right now is that Russia has been limiting its supplies of gas to europe and even amongst calls for it to deliver more has resisted.

我們現在看到的是，俄羅斯一直在限制其對歐洲的天然氣供應，甚至在要求其提供更多天然氣的呼聲中，俄羅斯也在抵制。

Why are we seeing these trade tensions between Russia and the rest of europe?

為什麼我們看到俄羅斯和歐洲其他國家之間的這些貿易緊張關係？

It's really important to mention these ongoing tensions because the EU and Russia, Their diplomatic ties have been deeply strained since 2014 and that year.

提到這些持續的緊張局勢真的很重要，因為歐盟和俄羅斯，他們的外交關係自2014年和那一年以來一直在深度緊張。

It was when Russia annexed Crimea and also backed pro Russian separatists in Eastern Ukraine.

就是在俄羅斯吞併克里米亞的時候，還支持烏克蘭東部的親俄分裂分子。

Um, it's in this Donbas region that Ukraine says more than 14,000 people have lost their lives amid the seven year conflict when it comes to gas.

嗯，就是在這個頓巴斯地區，烏克蘭說在七年的衝突中，有超過14000人在天然氣方面喪生。

Russia's role in this crisis, according to many in europe, has been seen to deepen the problems that the region has been struggling to get over.

許多歐洲人認為，俄羅斯在這場危機中的作用被認為是加深了該地區一直在努力克服的問題。

Whether that's a reluctance on Russia's side or simply an inability to deliver the gas amid some outage problems is not clear.

這究竟是俄羅斯方面的不情願，還是僅僅因為在一些停電問題中無力交付天然氣，目前還不清楚。

But adding some weight to the former is the International Energy Agency, which is a real surprise given it's typically a fairly conservative group.

但是，國際能源署為前者增加了一些砝碼，鑑於它通常是一個相當保守的團體，這確實令人驚訝。

They issued a very rare public rebuke of Russia issuing a statement urging them to deliver more gas to europe in order to underscore its quote reliable supplier reputation.

他們非常罕見地公開斥責俄羅斯發表聲明，敦促他們向歐洲提供更多天然氣，以強調其引用可靠供應商的聲譽。

Another element which is of interest certainly is North Stream two.

另一個值得關注的因素當然是北溪二號。

The North Stream two is a subsea gas pipeline running from Russia to Germany.

北溪二號是一條從俄羅斯到德國的海底天然氣管道。

This $11 billion dollar project has the potential to double the amount of gas supply to europe and curb the rise in gas prices.

這個價值110億美元的項目有可能將歐洲的天然氣供應量增加一倍，並遏制天然氣價格的上漲。

But some European countries are yet to approve it's use and have accused Russia of withholding gas supplies to bolster its case for the Nord Stream two.

但一些歐洲國家尚未準許它的使用，並指責俄羅斯扣留天然氣供應以支持其北溪二號項目。

Part of the reason though, that it is so contentious is because it does not meet europe's climate goals.

不過，它之所以有如此大的爭議，部分原因是它不符合歐洲的氣候目標。

And critics argue that it would deepen europe's reliance on Russian gas, while also likely strengthening President Vladimir Putin's economic and political influence over the region.

而批評者認為，這將加深歐洲對俄羅斯天然氣的依賴，同時也可能加強弗拉基米爾-普京總統對該地區的經濟和政治影響。

Actually, I recently spoke to the Chief executive of Ukraine State Energy giant Nafta gets, and in our conversations, he was telling me that he believes the Kremlin is using gas as a geopolitical weapon.

事實上，我最近與烏克蘭國家能源巨頭Nafta gets的首席執行官談話，在我們的談話中，他告訴我，他認為克里姆林宮正在利用天然氣作為地緣政治武器。

It's sharp criticism like this and from other eu lawmakers, which has recently prompted gas from which is Russia's state gas giant to suggest that it now stands ready to deliver more gas to europe.

正是這樣的尖銳批評和來自其他歐盟立法者的責備，最近促使俄羅斯國家天然氣巨頭的天然氣公司表示，它現在準備向歐洲提供更多的天然氣。

So surely you may be thinking this is the right time to lean on renewable energy sources.

是以，你肯定會想這是倚重可再生能源的正確時機。

Unfortunately, it's not that simple Countries across Europe have been transitioning to renewable energy sources in an attempt to combat the climate crisis.

不幸的是，這不是那麼簡單 歐洲各國一直在向可再生能源過渡，試圖應對氣候危機。

The European Union has even dedicated $1 trillion 2050 Between 2004 and 2019.

歐盟甚至在2004年和2019年之間專門撥款1萬億美元2050年。

The European Union's share of energy from renewable energy sources increased from just under 9% to 18.9%.

歐盟來自可再生能源的能源份額從略低於9%增加到18.9%。

But this transition appeared threatened in 2021 when output from wind turbines, one of Europe's main renewable energy sources dwindled.

但在2021年，當歐洲主要的可再生能源之一--風力渦輪機的產出減少時，這種過渡似乎受到了威脅。

This was due to record low wind conditions.

這是由於創紀錄的低風條件造成的。

Its purported though, that it's a bridging fuel, right?

但據稱，它是一種橋接燃料，對嗎？

So we can we can use it now and for a few years and then eventually will go to renewable sources.

是以，我們可以我們現在可以使用它，並在幾年內，然後最終將轉向可再生資源。

Experts have been unable to agree on whether europe's transition away from fossil fuels has contributed to soaring gas prices.

專家們未能就歐洲擺脫化石燃料的轉型是否促成了天然氣價格的飆升達成一致。

Some say low output from wind farms has caused an increase in demand for natural gas, which in turn has contributed to soaring prices and raised doubts about europe's climate policies.

一些人說，風電場的低產出導致了對天然氣需求的增加，而這又導致了價格的飆升，並引起了人們對歐洲氣候政策的懷疑。

But others have said reliance on these renewable alternatives as part of the solution and not the problem.

但也有人說，依靠這些可再生替代品是解決方案的一部分，而不是問題。

The EU's climate chief has said that if the Green deal that the bloc imposed recently had been in place five years ago, it would be a very different scenario that we're looking at right now, and that's because europe's fossil fuel dependency, it would be much, much more reduced than it is at present.

歐盟的氣候負責人說，如果該集團最近實施的綠色協議在五年前就已經到位，那將是我們現在看到的一個非常不同的場景，這是因為歐洲對化石燃料的依賴，將比現在減少很多很多。

The Iaea has been clear to me that this gas spike should not be a reason to derail europe's move towards renewable sources and away from fossil fuels.

Iaea已經清楚地告訴我，這次天然氣飆升不應該成為歐洲走向可再生能源和遠離化石燃料的理由。

It was quite nice to read my book on the commute actually, rather than my community from my bed to my desk.

實際上，在通勤中閱讀我的書，而不是從我的床上到我的辦公桌的社區，這相當不錯。