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Parallel worlds are a topic of science fiction that seem to come up over and over again. Lately,
平行世界是科幻小說的一個話題,似乎一次又一次地出現。最近。
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the number of shows and movies featuring branching timelines and multiverses have been multiplying,
以分支時間線和多重世界為特色的節目和電影的數量一直在增加。
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and you may be low-key wondering just how much of the fiction resembles reality.
而你可能會低調地想知道,這些虛構的東西有多少與現實相似。
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Scientists have been asking these same questions for decades because from what we've seen,
科學家們幾十年來一直在問這些同樣的問題,因為從我們看到的情況來看。
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the future is far from certain. The idea of multiple worlds is compelling because it solves a
未來還遠未確定。多重世界的想法是引人注目的,因為它解決了一個
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thorny issue that arises from quantum mechanics. Classical physics is typically thought to be
量子力學所產生的棘手問題。經典物理學通常被認為是
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deterministic: if you know the speed and position of something like a ball flying through the air,
確定性:如果你知道某個東西的速度和位置,比如一個在空中飛行的球。
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then you can predict where the ball is going to land.
那麼你就可以預測球的落點。
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But in the quantum world, things don't work like that.
但在量子世界裡,事情並不是這樣的。
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It is impossible to know the exact speed and position of a particle like an electron,
要知道像電子這樣的粒子的確切速度和位置是不可能的。
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and so it is impossible to say for certain what it will do, only the probabilities.
是以,不可能肯定地說它會做什麼,只能說是概率。
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The mathematical expression of all known possibilities of a particle's location
一個粒子的位置的所有已知可能性的數學表達方式
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and characteristics is called its wave function. Bizarrely, in the quantum
和特徵被稱為其波函數。詭異的是,在量子
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realm particles appear to exist in multiple states simultaneously, until something causes
境界粒子似乎同時以多種狀態存在,直到有東西導致
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only one outcome to result, what's known in science-y talk as “collapsing the wave function”.
只有一個結果,也就是科學術語中所說的 "波函數坍縮"。
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The mechanism that causes wave functions to collapse is still debated, but one of
導致波函數坍縮的機制仍有爭議,但其中一個原因是
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the most widely accepted is the Copenhagen Interpretation. It states wave functions
最廣泛接受的是哥本哈根解釋。它指出波函數
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collapse when they are observed, measured, or interact with the classical world in some way.
當它們被觀察、測量或以某種方式與經典世界互動時就會崩潰。
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It sounds bizarre but that's a conclusion the evidence points to. It's beyond the scope of this
這聽起來很奇怪,但這是證據指向的一個結論。這已經超出了本報告的範圍
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video but if you want to know more about it, check out this video on the double slit experiment here.
視頻,但如果你想了解更多關於它的資訊,請查看這個關於雙縫實驗的視頻。
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The Copenhagen interpretation comes with its own issues, which physicist Edwin Shrodinger tried
哥本哈根解釋也有自己的問題,物理學家埃德溫-薛定諤試圖
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to point out when he devised a thought experiment where a cat in a box could be both alive and dead
當他設計了一個思想實驗,讓盒子裡的貓既可以是活的也可以是死的時候,他指出了這一點。
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at the same time so long as no one looked inside. But what if we're looking at this the wrong way,
在同一時間,只要沒有人看裡面。但如果我們看錯了呢。
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and the wave functions don't actually collapse? What if instead all possibilities continue
而波函數實際上並沒有坍縮?如果所有的可能性都繼續存在呢?
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to exist and our universe simply branches off into separate worlds for each outcome?
存在,而我們的宇宙只是為每一種結果抽成了不同的世界?
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A mind-boggling number of worlds could be constantly branching off for every
一個令人難以置信的世界數量可以不斷分支,為每一個
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single possible outcome in this vast universe. That was the idea put forward by Hugh Everett
在這個龐大的宇宙中,只有一個可能的結果。這就是休-埃弗雷特提出的想法
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in 1957. It's an intriguing thought but if the worlds are truly split,
在1957年。這是一個耐人尋味的想法,但如果兩個世界真的分裂了。
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then there's no way to ever directly observe them, let alone open a doorway between them.
那麼就沒有辦法直接觀察它們,更不用說在它們之間打開一個門。
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On the one hand, that's great news if you're worried about some some
一方面,這是一個好消息,如果你擔心一些
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parallel-world- hopping conqueror
平行世界跳躍的征服者
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suddenly showing up. On the other hand, it's frustrating if you're a scientist or if you have
突然出現了。另一方面,如果你是一個科學家,或者如果你有
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aspirations of inter-universe conquest… or both.
宇宙間征服的願望......或者兩者都有。
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Of course, the many-worlds interpretation just
當然,多世界的解釋只是
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creates its own set of questions, fittingly. Like, what actually causes worlds to split?
恰當地創造了它自己的一系列問題。 比如,究竟是什麼導致了世界的分裂?
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One possible mechanism is decoherence where quantum states gradually unravel as a result
一個可能的機制是退相干,即量子態逐漸解體的結果。
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of their interactions with their environment. If that's the case, then worlds don't have hard
他們與環境的相互作用。 如果是這樣的話,那麼世界上就沒有硬性的
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splits, more like gradual separations until they reach a point when they can no longer
分裂,更像是逐漸的分離,直到他們達到一個點,他們不再能夠
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affect each other and are truly distinct. There are more issues with the many-worlds
互相影響,真正不同。許多世界有更多的問題
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interpretation, some that are more in the realm of philosophy than physics. Like,
解釋,有些是在哲學領域而不是物理學領域。比如。
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if worlds are constantly branching off creating countless slightly different versions of you,
如果世界不斷分支,創造出無數個略有不同的你。
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then what does it mean to be you? Some versions of you should be incredibly similar while a huge
那麼成為你意味著什麼呢?有些版本的你應該是驚人的相似,而巨大的
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number of others are profoundly different. Which one is the real one? Some physicists
其他一些人則有深刻的不同。哪一個才是真正的?一些物理學家
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might say that no single one is, but the real you is the sum total of all versions of yourself.
可能會說,沒有一個人是,但真正的你是所有版本的自己的總和。
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And other physicists might say that the whole idea of many worlds is hogwash.
而其他物理學家可能會說,許多世界的整個想法是胡扯。
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The debate rages on and because there's no proof
爭論不休,因為沒有證據
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yet for one argument or the other, it could very well continue for a long time to come.
然而,由於這樣或那樣的原因,它很可能在未來很長一段時間內持續下去。
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One thing I will confidently predict is that due to its intriguing nature and the possibilities
有一件事我將自信地預測,由於其耐人尋味的性質和可能性
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it opens up, the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics is definitely going to be a
它開闢了,量子力學的多世界解釋肯定會是一個
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staple of science fiction until the end of time.
科幻小說的主力軍,直到時間的盡頭。
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While we're still searching for branching worlds,
當我們還在尋找分支世界的時候。
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another universe may have bumped into ours.
另一個宇宙可能已經撞上了我們的宇宙。
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Check out this video on that right here.
請看這段視頻,就在這裡。
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So, do you buy into the many worlds idea, and if so,
那麼,你是否相信許多世界的想法,如果是的話。
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what do you think about all the other you's that could be running around
你認為所有其他的 "你 "可能會到處亂跑的情況如何?
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out there. Let us know in the comments,
在那裡。 請在評論中告訴我們。
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be sure to subscribe, and I or some version of myself will see you next time on Seeker.
請務必訂閱,我或我的某個版本將在Seeker上看到你。