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  • That's a really good point. And did you consider -- hey, listen. Hi. James, from EngVid. A

    好點子,那你覺得... -嘿,聽好...嗨我是 EngVid的James

  • lot of times, students want to learn conversational skills so they can start a conversation. But

    很多時候,學生學會話技巧是為了開啟話題

  • when they do start these conversations, they tend to find that they're not included. Today's

    但是,當他們開完話題之後,卻發現自己參與感很低

  • lesson is how to include yourself. So it's a conversational skill about how to take a

    今天這堂課要教你,如何參與對話以及開話題的技巧

  • conversation or -- yeah. Take your part in a conversation. Are you ready? It's going

    沒錯,參與對話,你準備好了嗎?

  • to be fun. I'm going to teach you two techniques that have two different uses, all right? So

    你一定會喜歡的,我要教你兩個技巧分別用在不同的情況

  • you can see here, E is saying, "Wow, Bob. That's a good point, but --". And the second

    看到這邊,E說「哇,Bob,你講的真好,但是...」下一秒

  • point he says is just, "Listen!" All right? Let's go to the board.

    他這麼說「聽好!」,我們回到白板上

  • The "listen" one is called a "single-word imperative". All right? Why do we use it?

    「聽好」被稱為命令單詞,那麼我們為何使用它?

  • Well, you're in a conversation with somebody, and they're saying things you don't necessarily

    當你在跟某人對話時,他正在談論你不喜歡的話題

  • like, and they're talking, and they're talking fast and loud and being, you know, very demonstrative

    他們越講越快,越講越大聲,越講越有優越感

  • and showing their hands and talking. And you want to get in there, but you don't know how

    邊講邊做出手勢,此時你很想要參與,但你不知道

  • you can break into the conversation to say something or comment because maybe you don't

    要說些什麼才能打斷對方,或許你也不太喜歡

  • like what they're saying. You do something like this: [snaps fingers] "Stop." What did

    對方的話內容,這時候[彈指]大喊「停」

  • I do? I just said, "Stop." One-word imperative. An"imperative" is an order. And the funny

    我做了什麼? 我說「停」這個命令單詞,「imperative」是命令的意思,有趣的是

  • thing about the human brain is we've been trained since we were children to listen.

    小時候我們的大腦就被訓練聽從「聽好」這個詞

  • Remember when you were running, and your parents would go, "Stop!" Or they would go, "Listen!"

    還記得你小時候在亂跑時,爸媽都會大聲斥喝「停下」或者「聽好」

  • Or they would say, "No!" They didn't say sentences; they said one word. So we've been trained

    或是「不行」,他們不講句子,他們只講單詞,我們就是這樣被訓練的

  • for this. But it's very blunt, and we use for children or even dogs. Okay? I'm not saying

    不過老實說,這不只用在小孩,還有狗,我不是說

  • people are dogs. They're children. But it's very effective because we're conditioned for

    人就是狗,他們就是小孩啊,命令單詞的功能性很強,因為大腦已被長期訓練而習慣它們的存在

  • one-word imperatives. As you get older, we learn to be more polite. So you say, "Listen

    當你越長大,會變得更有禮貌,所以你會說「請聽好」

  • to me, please. Can you stop saying that, please?" We add politeness. But in a situation where

    「可以麻煩你別談那個嗎?」我們會加點禮貌詞,但有些情況

  • you need to stop someone immediately, the one-word imperative works because it gets

    你必須立即打斷某人時,命令單詞非常有效,可以讓雙方

  • right to the point; it gets directly to the person. And what it does is -- look. It draws

    回到對話重點,並直接傳達給方知道,它的功能是

  • attention to the intended action. "I don't want you to stop talking. I want the conversation

    「停止沒營養的對話並將對話重心重新拉回來」「我並沒有希望你停止談話,只是我想要讓對話持續進行

  • to go, but I want you to stop." Got it? So when I say "stop", you will stop speaking

    所以你必須暫時安靜一下」了解嗎? 當我說「停」,你會立馬停止

  • because you're going to be, in your brain, "Stop what? What am I doing?" And that gives

    因為你的腦中會不斷浮現「停什麼停啊?我怎麼了?」藉此我才有機會

  • an opening for me to come into the conversation. Or, "No." People are like, "No? No what?"

    進入對話當中,或是「不」,人的反應會是「不? 不什麼東西?」

  • Because you don't explain, it raises their curiosity, and they're like, "Why did you

    因為你沒有解釋,反而引起他們的好奇,他們就會像這樣「為何叫他們停止啊?

  • want them to stop? Why did you say 'listen'? Why did you say 'no'?" That stop in the conversation

    為何要我們聽好? 為何要說不?」對話中的命令單詞

  • allows you to step into the conversation and say what you need to say, okay? See? Stops

    可以讓你進入對話並說出你想講的話,了解嗎? 停止對話

  • conversation. Words you can use as examples are "no", "stop", and "listen". And don't

    你可以用「不行」「停止」或「聽好」,完全不需解釋

  • explain it. Because when you do say, "Listen to me, please. Listen to me", it's almost

    因為當你說「聽到這邊,請聽到這邊。」這就好像在說

  • like you're saying, "You're not listening. It's not fair" and you're being a baby.

    「你根本沒在聽,這不公平啊」然後你就變得跟嬰兒一樣

  • Now, I'm telling you; this is kind of rude. So don't think I'm telling you this is a good

    現在,我要告訴你,這有點不禮貌,別以為這招可以套用在

  • way to start friends. That's why I said when you're in a situation where the person saying

    交朋友上,想像一下你在一個情境當中,某人說了

  • something you may not agree, like, "All women should not work", you might say, "Excuse me?"

    你不太同意的論點像是「全天下的女人都不應該工作」,你可能會說「不好意思?」

  • Don't say "excuse me"; just say, "Stop." They'll go, "What?" And then you go "boom". You say

    千萬別說「不好意思」,直接說「停下」,他們會說「什麼?」,然後你就有機會大談你的論點了

  • your part right there. Right? You can say it for almost anything. It's immediate, and

    你成功進入對話,是吧? 你可以用這招去應付大部分的狀況,立馬可以

  • it stops action. But it might be considered rude.

    停止所有的行動,但也被認為有點不禮貌啦

  • So what's an alternative? You don't want to be rude, but you want to be heard, and you

    所以另一個方法是什麼? 你不想表現出無禮的態度,但你想要被聽見,你想要

  • wanted people to come to your side, maybe agree with you. I've got another way of doing

    別人注意到你,同意你的想法,我想出另外一個方法

  • it. This is called the "compliment and steal", okay? We use a compliment and a conjunction.

    叫做「讚美並主導對話」,使用讚美和連接詞

  • Notice I said "imperative" here. Well, we use a conjunction. What does a conjunction

    這裡我依然強調要用「命令」的方式,那麼,連接詞有什麼作用呢?

  • do? It brings two statements together, right, and joins them. So the ideas are kind of linked

    它把兩個句子連接在一起,也就是說,連結兩個想法

  • together. "I am happy, and I am nice." "And" makes the two come together. "I'm happy, and

    「我很快樂又開心。」,「又」把兩個元素結合起來,「我很快樂又開心。」

  • I'm nice." Well, we're going to use this method to take the conversation from someone. Well,

    我們要用這個方式主宰對話

  • why? People love compliments. Have you ever had someone say to you, "You look nice today,

    為什麼? 人喜歡被讚美,有人對你說「你今天好美

  • and --"? And then you wait. "And what? And what? I look nice and what?" Or, you know,

    又...?」你期待下一句話「又怎樣? 又怎樣? 我今天很美又怎樣?」

  • "And I really love your car, and --." It grabs your attention, right? So when someone gives

    「我真的很愛你的車還有...」,這種方式成功引起注目對吧? 當有人

  • you a compliment about you, naturally, you like it, so you listen, you focus. And when

    讚美你時,人之常情,因為你喜歡別人講的話,你就會繼續傾聽,繼續專注在別人接下來要講的話

  • they say "and", usually, we're waiting for more of a compliment. Right? This is why it's

    當他們說「又」時,我們也在等待更多的讚美,所以說這個方法

  • kind of a bit sneaky.

    有點奸詐

  • So when you use the compliment, it draws attention from the speaker. So the speaker goes, "Huh?

    當你用讚美的方式,說話的人會轉移焦點到你身上,說話者就會說「什麼?

  • What did you say about me? Aw, that's so nice." Right? But it also draws the attention of

    你剛剛說我怎麼樣? 你人真好」,這個方式也能吸引

  • the audience. Remember: Whoever's speaking, people are listening to. So if the speaker

    觀眾矚目,無論誰在說話,觀眾會一直聽下去,當說話的人

  • stops speak and looks at you to say, "Thank you", then everybody else will look to see,

    停止說話,把目光移至你並說「謝謝你」,接著眾人就會想知道

  • "Who are you talking to? Who is the speaker speaking to?" So now, you have the speaker

    「你在跟誰說話? 講者在跟誰說話?」現在,講者和觀眾

  • and the audience looking at you. Now it's time to lower the boom, as we say. Hit 'em.

    已把焦點放在你身上了,所以現在回到話題上,如我們知道的「言歸正傳」

  • Because of this, they've got all their focus on you. They're focusing on your conjunction.

    因為這樣,他們已將目光移至你,他們被你的連接詞給牽動

  • So you could say something like, "Gee, Bob. That's a good point." He'll go, "Yes." "But

    所以你可以說「Bob, 你講得真好」,他接著說「嗯...」

  • did you consider --." Now, they're focused. They have to respond to what you said. And

    「但是你有沒有覺得...」現在,他們非常專注,他們要認真傾聽才能答覆你

  • the audience is looking because he gave you it. So you've taken -- you didn't even take

    觀眾很專注是因為講者的關係,你已經得爭取到關注,甚至不用爭取關注

  • it. The speaker gives you the conversation, okay? Because when they give you attention,

    講者已經讓你有發言機會,當你被給予這樣的機會

  • they give you the conversation for you to do what you like. And because you gave them

    你也就可以引領對話,而你的稱讚

  • a compliment, they open the door with a smile and wait. And then, when you hit them, they

    使他們心情雀躍,當你言歸正傳時

  • have to respond to that. Cool, huh? You get to say your piece, and everybody's looking,

    他們要認真傾聽並加以回覆,很酷吧? 你可以暢談你的想法,大家都注視你

  • and you've been nice about it. Over here, you're just saying, "Stop". They stop. You

    那種喜悅感只有你能體會,到這裡你說「好了」,他們就會停止

  • have to go.

    你再繼續說下去

  • Now, we're going to take a second. And in the next point, I'm going to finish off what

    現在休息一秒鐘,再接續課程

  • we're doing here, okay? Ready?

    好嗎,準備好了嗎?

  • So we talked about the two techniques. They seem very simple, but I'm telling you, they're

    剛剛講了兩個簡單的技巧,但我告訴你,它們非常厲害

  • powerful. Because one, you might want to use it to demonstrate that you're an individual,

    那些技巧,可以用來表達,你是一個個體

  • you have opinions, and you want to be respected; or -- sounds bad, but you don't respect the

    你有想法,你想要被尊重,或者...聽起來不太好,你不喜歡講者

  • person who's speaking; you don't want to give them -- you know, be polite.

    你不想留...面子給他

  • The second one is a bit more polite, showing respect. So when we look here, okay, the single-word

    第二種方式,考量到尊重和禮貌,大家應該也認同單詞命令的效用

  • imperative -- it's a pro: It's direct. "Listen" "stop." "No." It's direct, and it's honest.

    很直接地說「聽好」「停下」「不行」,直接又坦率

  • People know that you're not happy or you don't agree, and you're saying it directly. You're

    大家知道你不認同他們的想法,你直接表達

  • not trying to make friends; you're trying to make a point. So use it when you have to

    你沒有要交朋友,你只是在談論想法

  • be strong in a meeting or something. Right? Even with friends. "Let's go drinking." "No."

    可以應用在會議或其他場合上,或朋友聚會時,「一起去喝酒」「不要」

  • Don't say, "No. I don't want to." Just say, "No." They will ask you questions and give

    不要說「我並不想要喝酒」,直接了當說「不要」,他們會問你問題

  • you the attention, all right?

    還會把焦點轉移至你

  • Problem, con. It can be seen as rude because you're not the treating them as equals. You're

    直接反駁問題看似很無禮,你沒有想要善待他們,你就好像是

  • treating them as an "I'm stepping away from you. I'm saying this. And that's the way it

    「道不同不相為謀,我有獨到的見解」

  • is." The second thing is it takes respect away from the speaker because you're not engaging

    再者,直接反駁傷及講者的自尊心,表明你完全不想參與

  • or you're not speaking to the speaker like, "Hey. You know, I was just thinking -- you

    或是,一副事不關己的模樣好像在說「我剛剛在思考你說的...」

  • were saying --." No. This is it. It's done. My respect for whatever you said or where

    停,不要再說下去,自尊心喪失等同於

  • you're going: It's not there. So know that you're doing that, okay? It's a fine line

    我也不在乎你接下來要說的大小事,所以要有分寸懂嗎? 這條路很小很難走

  • we walk, which means you have to be careful. Okay? You don't want to be rude, but you do

    代表你要小心,你絕對不想無禮待人,你想要的是

  • want to be honest and direct.

    坦率又直接

  • How about the "compliment and steal"? Using conjunctions with a compliment, remember?

    關於「讚美和主導對話」,讚美詞後加連接詞,記得嗎?

  • "And" or "but" to take a person one way and then take it away. Well, number one, pro:

    「又」或「但是」吸引講者注意並主導對話,最棒的好處就是

  • gives you the conversation. Literally. The speaker will go, "Oh, thank you. I'm glad

    有人給你講話的權利,字面上講者會說「謝謝啦,我很開心你支持

  • you appreciate my point. Or you agree with this?" Because I could say something like,

    我的想法或是,你同意我的想法?」接下來我就可以說

  • "Hey. I really like what you said when you said this. However --." And boom, you just

    「我同意你的想法,但是...」,接下來,是你大展口才的時候

  • hit them. Okay? The audience listens to you. Remember? The audience, it was listening to

    觀眾開始傾聽,觀眾的重心

  • the speaker. As soon as the speaker addresses you -- which means says, "Really? And what

    從講者轉移至你,當講者說「真的嗎? 你喜歡哪一方面的論點?」

  • did you like?" -- as soon as they do that, not only do they give it to you, they bring

    對話主導權和觀眾重心在講者的幫助下立即回到你身上

  • the audience to you. You don't have to go, "Please, everybody. Listen to me." They give

    你就不用說「麻煩大家聽到我這邊」,講者已經給你了

  • it to you. Cool?

    很酷吧?

  • Here's what we call a "con". A "con" means "not good". It can be seen as manipulative

    有個貶意詞叫「反對」,經過巧妙處理後

  • because you're giving a compliment just to take the conversation. So as much as this

    例如加點讚美詞,你就可以主導對話,不過像是比較直接的詞,一定要斟酌使用

  • is rude, you have to be careful how you use this. Some people think, "Oh, you didn't really

    不然可能一不小心傷及無辜,有人覺得「不是那個意思吧

  • mean what you said. You just wanted to --." "No. I meant it. That was a good point." So be

    你的意思是...」,「不,我就是那個意思,非常棒的想法」,所以

  • honest when you say it if you do like something they're saying. Or my favorite is to say this.

    如果你喜歡他人的想法,就直接講,我喜歡這樣說

  • "I agree that you said that." And if you listen carefully, I didn't say anything. All I said

    「我同意你說的」,如果你仔細聽,其實我根本沒說什麼,我說

  • is "I agree that you said this statement." It doesn't mean I agree with anything you

    「我同意你的論點」並不代表我同意你說的每句話

  • said, okay? And I can say that. "Hey. I didn't say I liked that. I just agree that you said

    或是我可以說「我沒有說我喜歡你的想法,我只是同意而已

  • that, and you think it's true. It had nothing to do with me. However --." All right?

    你認為合理的點子跟我沒關係,我覺得...」

  • So on that note, I've given you two powerful techniques for conversation. You can try it

    整理一下我教你的兩個對話技巧,你可以用在

  • at work or at play with your friends or at home with your mom, all right? "Mom, dinner's

    工作上,朋友上,或家裡的媽媽,好嗎? 「媽,晚餐看起來好好吃

  • really good. However, portion size is not to my liking." All right? Anyway, look. Have

    然後,我不喜歡我的嫁妝」,言歸正傳

  • a great day. Listen. We have to go. See? That was wrong. I should just say, "Listen." And

    你看這個錯誤例子「我們該走了」,應該要說「聽好」,他會接著說

  • then he stops. "We must go. We must go." See? Use those imperatives, people. Also, there's

    「要走了,要走了」,適時使用命令單詞,懂嗎?

  • another lesson on how to make imperatives nice. We really work with you at -- where?

    當然還要用的得體,我們在哪裡傳授課程?

  • Www.engvid.com, "eng" as in "English", "vid" as in "video", where you can take this lesson,

    Www.engvid.com,「eng」代表英文,「vid」代表影片,請上網搜尋,你可以找到

  • take the test, right, and other lessons. Fantastic teachers -- we have Ronnie, and we have Valen

    課程和評量方式,還有很棒的老師,Ronnie,Valen

  • and Alex, and -- I can't remember them all. Have a good one.

    Alex和我,還有很多,挑一個適合你的吧

That's a really good point. And did you consider -- hey, listen. Hi. James, from EngVid. A

好點子,那你覺得... -嘿,聽好...嗨我是 EngVid的James

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