Name: 如何理解英國口音（第二部分 (How to Understand UK Accents (Part 2))
Uploaded: 2021-06-04T19:40:28.000Z
Duration: 20 min 48 s

情態助動詞 B1

But these are the letters we use to write with

In fact, the same letter can represent different sounds

事實上，同一個字母可以代表不同的聲音

Listen to how I pronounce the letter “a” in this sentence:  

聽聽我在這個句子中如何發音字母 "a"。  

In my accent - Standard Southern British English

用我的口音--標準的英國南部英語

this letter represents a different vowel sound in each word

這個字母在每個詞中代表不同的元音

So I'd like you to forget about letters, and focus on the sounds

是以，我希望你忘掉字母，專注於聲音。

To make it easier to compare vowels across accents

A lexical set is a group of words in which a particular vowel

詞組是指一組有特定元音的詞。

"face", "say", "wait" and "eight" have the same /eɪ/ vowel sound

"臉"、"說"、"等 "和 "八 "有相同的/eɪ/元音

and the words "goat", "snow", "hope" and "though" have the same /əʊ/ vowel sound

而 "山羊"、"雪"、"希望 "和 "雖然 "等詞有相同的/əʊ/元音

Linguists group these words accordingly and give them names:

語言學家對這些詞進行了相應的分組，並給它們命名。

Whereas I pronounce all the words in the FACE lexical set with an /eɪ/ vowel sound

而我在FACE詞組中的所有單詞都用/eɪ/元音來發音

other people in the UK will use different sounds

英國的其他人會使用不同的聲音

If you're aware of this vowel sound variation

you'll find it easier to understand a wider range of native English speakers

你會發現更容易理解更多的英語為母語的人。

In this video, I'll explain 5 vowel differences between UK accents

在這個視頻中，我將解釋英國口音的5個元音差異

with the help of the following lexical sets

Words like "last", "chance", "ask" and "laugh" belong to the BATH lexical set

像 "最後"、"機會"、"問 "和 "笑 "這樣的詞屬於BATH詞組。

These words are pronounced with a short /a/ vowel sound in most of the UK

這些詞在英國大部分地區都是以短元音/a/發音的。

many people pronounce these words with a longer vowel sound

that's made further back in the mouth: /ɑː/

這是在嘴裡更靠後的地方做的。/ɑː/

This longer vowel sound developed in the south of England in the 17th century

這種較長的元音是17世紀在英格蘭南部發展起來的。

Here are some more examples of this longer /ɑː/ vowel in the south

這裡還有一些南方的長/ɑː/元音的例子

This is a map produced by the University of Cambridge in 2016

這是劍橋大學在2016年製作的一張地圖

Yellow marks areas where speakers are more likely to use a  shorter /a/ vowel in the BATH lexical set  

黃色標誌著在BATH詞組中，說話者更有可能使用較短的/a/元音的區域。

Green marks areas where speakers are more likely to use a longer /ɑː/ vowel

綠色標誌著說話者更有可能使用較長的/ɑː/元音的區域。

The shades of colour between green and yellow

indicate that not everyone in the south will have this longer vowel

表明並不是南方的每個人都會有這個長元音

Geography is not the only factor that influences how people sound

地理環境並不是影響人們聲音的唯一因素

socioeconomic background, age and ethnicity among others

社會經濟背景、年齡和種族等等。

In my accent, the words "look", "stood", and "put" belong to the FOOT lexical set

在我的口音中，"看"、"站 "和 "放 "都屬於FOOT詞組。

and the words "luck", "stud", and "putt" belong to the STRUT lexical set

而單詞 "luck"、"stud "和 "putt "則屬於STRUT詞組。

In southern England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

在英格蘭南部、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭

most speakers will have these two separate lexical sets

大多數說話人都會有這兩個獨立的詞組

But speakers in the midlands and north of England

但在英格蘭中部和北部的發言者

may pronounce the words in the FOOT and STRUT lexical sets

可以給FOOT和STRUT詞組中的單詞發音

The exact pronunciation varies from place to place

Here are some clips of speakers from the midlands and north of England

下面是一些來自英格蘭中部和北部的演講者的片段

saying words that belong to the STRUT lexical set

Listen to how the vowel sound is different to my southern /ʌ/ vowel

聽聽這個元音與我的南方/ʌ/元音有什麼不同？

Here's another map from the University of Cambridge in 2016

下面是劍橋大學2016年的另一張地圖

Blue marks areas where speakers pronounce the words

藍色標記的是說話者發音的區域

put and putt with a different vowel sound

like in my accent from the south of England

就像我來自英格蘭南部的口音一樣

Orange marks areas where speakers pronounce them with the same vowel sound

橙色標記的區域，說話者以相同的元音發音。

When a survey was conducted in the 1950s  

在20世紀50年代進行的一項調查中

the number of people who rhymed put and putt in England was much greater

在英國，用put和putt押韻的人要多得多。

We can divide vowel sounds into two groups:

like the /ɔː/ vowel in my pronunciation of the word "jaw"

像我的 "jaw "一詞的發音中的/ɔ/元音一樣

A diphthong describes a movement from one vowel quality towards another

雙元音描述了從一個元音品質向另一個元音品質的移動。

like the /ɔɪ/ sound in my pronunciation of the word "joy"

像我的 "joy "一詞的發音中的/ɔɪ/音。

Here you can feel the movement of the diphthong

在這裡你可以感受到雙元音的運動。

the tongue starts back in the mouth and moves forwards: /ɔɪ/

舌頭從口腔後部開始，向前移動。/ɔɪ/

Words like "go", "no" and "so" belong to the GOAT lexical set

像 "go"、"no "和 "so "這樣的詞屬於GOAT詞組。

You're more likely to hear these words being pronounced with  a diphthong

你更有可能聽到這些詞用雙元音發音的情況

the more likely it is you'll hear a monophthong,

Here are some clips of speakers saying words from the GOAT lexical set

下面是一些演講者說GOAT詞組中的單詞的片段

This pattern of diphthongs in the south and monophthongs in the north  

這種南方的雙元音和北方的單元音的模式

For example, you may hear monophthongs – or  diphthongs with little movement – in South Wales.

例如，在南威爾士，你可能會聽到單音詞--或幾乎沒有動作的雙音詞--。

Words like "say", "day" and "may" belong to the FACE lexical set.

像 "說"、"日 "和 "可能 "這樣的詞屬於FACE詞集。

Similar to GOAT, the further south you are in the UK

與GOAT類似，你在英國越往南，就越是如此

the more likely it is you will hear a diphthong

Whereas the further north you go, the more likely you will hear a monophthong  

而你越往北走，就越有可能聽到單音的聲音。

Here are some clips of speakers saying words from the FACE lexical set

下面是一些說話者說FACE詞組中的單詞的片段

Again, this pattern of diphthongs in the south or monophthongs in the north

同樣，這種南方的雙元音或北方的單元音的模式

In South Wales you may hear monophthongs – or diphthongs with little movement

在南威爾士，你可能會聽到單音詞--或幾乎沒有動作的雙音詞

The word "okay" has GOAT in the 1st syllable and FACE in the 2nd

"好 "字的第一個音節是GOAT，第二個音節是FACE。

In the south both vowels are more likely to be diphthongs

在南方，兩個元音更可能是雙元音

And in the north both vowels are more likely to be monophthongs

而在北方，這兩個元音更可能是單音。

Words like "funny", "cookie" and "taxi" belong to the happY lexical set

像 "滑稽"、"餅乾 "和 "計程車 "這樣的詞屬於happyY詞組。

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如何理解英國口音（第二部分 (How to Understand UK Accents (Part 2))

pronunciation

accent

pattern

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