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  • On April 19th 1995 McArthur Wheeler robbedbank with his face glazed with lemon juice,  

    1995年4月19日,麥克阿瑟-惠勒搶劫銀行,臉上塗滿了檸檬汁。

  • believing the juice would make his face  invisible to the surveillance cameras.  

    相信果汁會讓他的臉在監控攝像頭下看不見。

  • He thought so because lemon juice works  as invisible ink on a piece of paper.

    他之所以這麼認為,是因為檸檬汁在紙上的作用就像隱形墨水一樣。

  • Police broadcasted the security camera  footage on the local 11 o'clock news,  

    警方在當地11點新聞中播放了監控錄像。

  • and just after midnight Arthur was arrestedIncredulously he said "But I wore the juice!"

    而就在午夜之後,亞瑟被逮捕了。 不可思議的是,他說:"但我穿的是果汁!"

  • Baffled by this reasoningDavid Dunning and Justin Kruger,  

    被這種推理所迷惑,大衛-鄧寧和賈斯汀-克魯格。

  • two Psychologists, studied Mr Wheeler and  others like him . They came to the conclusion  

    兩位心理學家,研究了惠勒先生和其他類似的人。他們得出的結論是

  • that people with low ability at a task tend  to, paradoxically, overestimate themselves.  

    矛盾的是,在某項任務上能力低下的人,往往會高估自己。

  • This cognitive bias is known  as The DunningKruger effect.

    這種認知偏差被稱為鄧寧-克魯格效應。

  • Let's look at this graphically plotting one's  confidence in your ability against one's actual  

    讓我們來看看這個圖表,將一個人對自己能力的信心與實際的

  • knowledge in a field. As we learn something newwe are often highly confident because we know so  

    某一領域的知識。當我們學習新的知識時,我們往往會非常自信,因為我們知道的東西太多了。

  • little that as soon as we do know a tiny bit, we  think we know it all. Those who stop learning here  

    小到只要我們知道一點點,就會認為自己知道了一切。那些在這裡停止學習的人

  • maintain a false sense of mastery. Those  who continue learning, realize things are  

    保持一種虛假的掌握感。那些繼續學習的人,意識到事情是

  • more complex and often lose motivation. And  the more they increase their knowledge the  

    更加複雜,往往失去動力。而他們的知識越是增加

  • lower their confidence becomes. Many stop at  this stage, thinking they've learned nothing.  

    他們的信心變得更低。很多人都止步於這個階段,認為自己什麼都沒學到。

  • Only if we keep going can we regain confidence  while getting better. And at the end, we will be  

    只有堅持下去,我們才能在進步的同時重拾信心。而在最後,我們將

  • full of knowledge and almost as confident  in our ability as right after we started.

    充滿了知識,對自己的能力幾乎和剛開始時一樣自信。

  • In other words, if a simpleton , a good student  and a wise teacher were to have a public debate,  

    換句話說,如果一個簡單的人,一個好學生和一個聰明的老師進行公開辯論。

  • this is how things could go down. The simpleton  knows just a little bit, but is very confident and  

    這就是事情可能發生的原因。憨厚的人只知道一點,但卻非常自信,而且。

  • voices his opinions loud and without hesitationsThe student knows more, but doesn't realize it  

    毫不猶豫地大聲發表自己的意見。 學生知道的比較多,但沒有意識到這一點

  • because she lacks confidence. She keeps quiet. The  teacher is confident, but understands how complex  

    因為她缺乏信心。她保持沉默。老師很有信心,但也瞭解到了複雜的情況。

  • things really are, hence voices his opinions with  reservations. In the end, the simpleton wins the  

    是以,他的意見是有保留的。最後,簡單的人贏了。

  • popular vote, because he is so confident about  being right and people tend to trust certainty.

    民意,因為他對自己的正確性非常自信,人們往往相信確定性。

  • Research from North America, Europe and  Japan suggests that culture plays a big role.  

    北美、歐洲和日本的研究表明,文化的作用很大。

  • From assessments of one's own  ability to drive we know that 93%  

    從對自身駕駛能力的評估中我們知道,93%的人

  • of Americans think they are better  drivers than average, whileonly '' 69%  

    的美國人認為他們是比一般人更好的司機,而 "只有'' 69%的人

  • of Swedish think so. In Japan on the other  hand, people, in general, tend to underestimate  

    的瑞典人這樣認為。另一方面,在日本,人們普遍傾向於低估了

  • their abilities as a strategy to see their  underachievement as an opportunity to improve.

    他們的能力作為一種策略,把他們的成績不佳視為改進的機會。

  • Setting out on a journey of learning  can be a daunting experience.  

    踏上學習之路,是一次令人生畏的經歷。

  • What starts off as a leisurely stroll  soon changes to an intense battle of  

    一開始的悠閒漫步,很快就變成了一場激烈的戰鬥。

  • willpower between you and an intimidating  amount of knowledge. Do not give up.  

    你的意志力和令人生畏的知識量之間。不要放棄。

  • The longer you fight, the more power  you gain, up until the point you win.

    戰鬥時間越長,獲得的力量就越大,直到你獲勝為止。

  • And in the end, if you persevere, you  may be elevated to the ranks of Socrates,  

    而最後,如果你堅持不懈,你可能會被提升到蘇格拉底的行列。

  • who, over 2000 years agoleft us with a quote of wisdom  

    他在2000多年前就給我們留下了一句話:"我們要做的,就是要讓我們的生活更美好。"他的這句話,讓我們的生活更美好。

  • “I know that I am intelligentbecause I know that I know nothing.”

    "我知道我很聰明,因為我知道我什麼都不知道。"

  • sprouts videos are published under the  creative commons license that means our  

    sprouts的視頻是在創作共用許可證下發布的,這意味著我們的。

  • videos are free and anyone can download edit and  play them for personal use and public schools  

    視頻是免費的,任何人都可以下載編輯和播放,供個人和公立學校使用。

  • governments and non-profit organizations can  also use them for training online courses  

    政府和非營利組織也可以使用它們來進行在線培訓課程。

  • or designing new curriculums to help us stay  independent and support our work you can join  

    或設計新的課程,以幫助我們保持獨立和支持我們的工作,你可以加入我們。

  • our patrons and contribute just visit patreon.com  sprouts even one dollar can make a difference

    我們的贊助人和捐款只需訪問patreon.com sprouts哪怕是一美元也能帶來不同的效果。

  • you

On April 19th 1995 McArthur Wheeler robbedbank with his face glazed with lemon juice,  

1995年4月19日,麥克阿瑟-惠勒搶劫銀行,臉上塗滿了檸檬汁。

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