Name: 只有在夜幕降臨前才能看到的罕見天象。 (The Rare Celestial Phenomena That Can Only Be Seen Before Nightfall)
Uploaded: 2021-03-26T18:46:29.000Z
Duration: 6 min 51 s

Most people think of astronomy as a nighttime activity, but if you're like me and hate staying up late, you're in luck.

大多數人認為天文學是一項夜間活動，但如果你像我一樣，討厭熬夜，那你很幸運。

情態副詞

As it turns out, there's a whole lot of fascinating celestial objects and phenomena that can only be observed in the bright light of day.

事實證明，有很多迷人的天體和現象，只有在明亮的光線下才能觀察到。

And this is great news for you city dwellers.

而這對於各位城市居民來說，是個好消息。

You can get just as good of you as star gazers located in places where light pollution isn't an issue.

位於光汙染不是問題的地方，你可以得到和觀星族一樣好的你。

From the moon to the stars to various planets and astronomical events, there's a whole sky to explore before the sun dips below the horizon.

從月亮到星星，再到各種行星和天文事件，在太陽沉入地平線以下之前，有一整片天空可以探索。

It may not seem obvious, but as I like to remind my students, the closest star to us is actually the son.

這看似不明顯，但我喜歡提醒我的學生，離我們最近的星星其實是兒子。

That massive, glowing ball of mostly hydrogen and helium is pretty hard to miss, especially considering that it fuels all life on Earth.

那個巨大的、發光的、由氫氣和氦氣組成的球是很難錯過的，尤其是考慮到它是地球上所有生命的燃料。

Paradoxically, the sun is also an object that we really need to avoid looking at directly but safely, observing the sun is possible with some creative maneuvering.

矛盾的是，太陽也是一個我們確實需要避免直視的物體，但安全起見，觀察太陽是可以通過一些創造性的操作。

One approach is to take a telescope and fit a special solar filter over its front end so that the sun's brightness and it's harmful wavelengths get locked.

一種方法是拿一個望遠鏡，在它的前端裝上一個特殊的太陽濾光片，這樣太陽的亮度和它的有害波長就會被鎖定。

Another safe way to get a look at the sun is to project its image onto a white card.

另一種安全的方法是將太陽的影像投射到白卡上。

Place the card behind a small telescope or a pair of binoculars.

把卡片放在一個小望遠鏡或一副望遠鏡後面。

Focus the eye piece a little, and the sun's visible surface will come into view.

將眼片稍微聚焦，太陽的可見面就會出現在眼前。

But what do actual astronomers use to view the sun?

但實際的天文學家是用什麼來觀察太陽的呢？

We asked Gerald Muskegon, an astronomer who actually works right here at Chabot Space and Science Center.

我們問了傑拉爾德-穆斯基岡，一位天文學家，他實際上就在查博特航天和科學中心工作。

好吧，這是一個專門的望遠鏡。

This telescope is designed only for looking at the sun, and it looks at the sun using only one wavelength of light that's produced by hot hydrogen on the sun, which is kind of a reddish orange color.

這個望遠鏡只為看太陽而設計，它看太陽只用一種波長的光，這種光是由太陽上的熱氫產生的，是一種橘紅色。

So when I look into the telescope, I can see a lot more detail.

所以當我看向望遠鏡的時候，我可以看到更多的細節。

These are like bubbles on the surface of the sun is caused by the conviction in the sun.

這些像太陽表面的氣泡是由太陽中的信念造成的。

Is some gas being pushed off the surface of the sun?

I can see a couple of flares, so if we put this type of a white light filter on the telescope, it blocks more than 99% of the light.

我可以看到幾個耀斑，所以如果我們在望遠鏡上裝上這種白光濾鏡，它可以阻擋99%以上的光線。

As I look through here, I can see the white disc of the sun.

當我看到這裡，我可以看到太陽的白盤。

One of the cool things that I can see right away is there are a couple of sunspots on the sun.

我馬上就能看到的一個很酷的東西就是太陽上有幾個太陽黑子。

Sun spots are the darker regions of our stars surface.

太陽斑點是恆星表面的黑暗區域。

They can be as big as the size of our planet.

它們可以和我們星球的大小一樣大。

The sun's magnetic field lines are so tangled up in these regions that he can no longer escape.

太陽的磁場線在這些區域糾纏不清，他已經無法逃脫。

But occasionally a sudden release of this concentrated energy will happen, resulting in solar flares and coronal mass ejections that carry radiation and energetic particles out so far that they disrupt our power grids here on earth.

但偶爾這種集中的能量會突然釋放，導致太陽耀斑和日冕物質拋射，將輻射和高能粒子帶出很遠，以至於擾亂地球上的電網。

Mhm Just like the sun, the moon can also be seen during the day.

嗯 就像太陽一樣，白天也能看到月亮。

It just doesn't always grab as much of our attention.

只是不一定能吸引我們那麼多的注意力。

Look for it before a full moon in the afternoon and after a full moon in the morning, when it's in a thick crescent phase and the sky is clear and blue.

在下午滿月前和早上滿月後尋找它，此時它正處於濃厚的月牙期，天空晴朗湛藍。

And if you look really close on the right day, you might even see a smaller crescent sitting beside the moon.

如果你在正確的日子裡仔細觀察，你甚至可以看到一個較小的月牙坐在月亮旁邊。

If Venus is up in the daytime, which it often is.

如果金星在白天升起，這往往是。

And if it's far enough away from the sun, you can actually point this telescope at Venus without a filter.

如果它離太陽足夠遠，你其實可以用這個望遠鏡對準金星，而不用濾鏡。

If Venus is at the right angle, you'll see it having phases like the moon has phases.

如果金星在正確的角度，你會看到它有相位，就像月亮有相位一樣。

Venus changes position in the sky from day to day and hour by hour.

金星在天空中的位置一天一變，一小時一變。

You have to be able to point the telescope accurately.

你必須能夠準確地指向望遠鏡。

And to do that you need to know the coordinates of Venus.

而要做到這一點，你需要知道金星的座標。

On the day that you're going to be looking for nearly all astronomical pursuits.

在這一天，你要尋找幾乎所有的天文追求。

But for daytime astronomy, it can be especially important.

但對於白天的天文學來說，它可能特別重要。

One of the things you got to keep in mind is that the Earth is orbiting around the sun at 30 kilometers per second.

你要記住的一件事是，地球以每秒30公里的速度繞著太陽運行。

So if your clock is off by just a few seconds and you're trying to accurately plot the position of an object in the sky, being off by three or four seconds means your position is gonna be off by 30 60 90 or more kilometers.

所以，如果你的時鐘只偏離了幾秒，而你又想準確地繪製天空中物體的位置，偏離三四秒意味著你的位置會偏離30、60、90或更多公里。

So it's real important that you have very accurate timing if you're going to be making scientific observations with your telescope.

所以，如果你要用望遠鏡進行科學觀測，擁有非常準確的時間是非常重要的。

A prime example of This is a phenomenon you may have heard of and even tried to see yourself.

一個典型的例子，這是你可能聽說過的現象，甚至自己也嘗試過。

This flash happens when the sun's upper rim turns green for a few split seconds as it sets and rises beyond the horizon.

當太陽落下和升出地平線的一瞬間，太陽的上邊緣變成綠色的時候，就會發生這種閃光。

It's most commonly spotted over the ocean, but mountaintops and high buildings offer a good vantage point to another site worth catching during the dwindling daylight is a shadow.

最常見的是在海面上發現，但山頂和高樓提供了一個很好的有利位置，在日漸減少的白天，另一個值得捕捉的地點是一個影子。

If you find yourself in a place that's wide open to the east at sunset or to the west at sunrise, you'll actually be able to see our planet shadow reflected on the atmosphere.

如果你發現自己身處的地方，在日落時分向東或日出時分向西，視野開闊，其實就能看到我們星球的影子映在大氣層上。

Just look for a blue gray band across the horizon that's opposite the sunset or sunrise.

只要在地平線上尋找一條藍灰色的帶子，與日落或日出相對。

It will resemble a haze or an approaching storm.

它將類似於霧霾或接近的風暴。

One of my favorite daytime viewing experiences is when there is a solar eclipse.

我最喜歡的日間觀賞體驗之一是日食時。

If you're in the right place on the earth at the right time, you can actually watch the moon passing in front of the sun.

如果你在正確的時間，在地球上正確的地方，你其實可以看到月亮在太陽前面經過。

You not only see the detail on the sun like sunspots, but it can see the silhouette of mountains as the edge of the moon passes in front of the sun.

你不僅能看到太陽上的細節，比如太陽黑子，還能看到月亮邊緣從太陽前面經過時，山的輪廓。

Astronomy isn't just for those of us who like to or have to stay up late.

天文學不只是為我們這些喜歡或不得不熬夜的人準備的。

Next time you're outside, look for Venus beside the moon or earth casting a shadow on us.

下次你在外面的時候，看看月亮旁邊的金星或者地球給我們投下的陰影。

It's a vast sky, and there's truly something for everyone to discover.

這是一片廣闊的天空，確實有值得每個人去發現的地方。

I'm Sarafina Nance, and this is seeker constellations.

我是薩拉菲娜-南斯，這裡是探索者星座。

 If there's another astronomy topic you'd like to see us cover, let us know down in the continent's thanks for watching. 

如果你還想看我們報道其他的天文學話題，請在大陸的謝謝觀看中告訴我們。