Mhm.

嗯

It's because face masks lockdowns, army trucks, taking away the bodies of Covid 19 victims and new infections and deaths reported every day until March 2020.

這是因為口罩封鎖，軍用卡車，帶走了科維德19名受害者的屍體，每天都有新的感染和死亡報告，直到2020年3月。

These were images only seen in China, where the virus felt far away.

這些都是在中國才看到的畫面，病毒在中國感覺很遙遠。

But in the blink of an eye, it had hit northern Italy and spread to the whole of Europe.

但眨眼間，它已經襲擊了意大利北部，並蔓延到整個歐洲。

In a matter of weeks, a worldwide pandemic would be declared, and our lives would never be the same.

在幾個星期內，一場世界性的大流行將被宣佈，我們的生活將永遠不會改變。

Yeah, welcome to our Covid 19 special on T.

是啊，歡迎來到我們的Covid 19特別節目T。

W.

W.

I'm Monica Johnson Berlin, and I vividly remember sitting here in the studio last year reporting on the horrors in the Italian region of Lombardy.

我是莫妮卡-約翰遜-柏林，我清楚地記得去年坐在這裡的演播室裡，報道意大利倫巴第地區的恐怖事件。

Little did we know that Covid, 19, would soon dominate all our lives and still does.

我們不知道，19歲的科維德很快就會主宰我們的所有生活，而且現在仍然如此。

Bergamo may once again look like a quiet northern Italian city, but it was here that the pandemic gained its foothold in Europe.

貝加莫也許又像一個安靜的意大利北部城市，但正是在這裡，疫情在歐洲獲得了立足之地。

It was the first place where the horrors of Covid 19 were felt outside of China.

這是中國境外最早感受到科維德19號恐怖的地方。

Emergency stations were transformed into intensive care units, and not all patients could be treated, cemeteries were overflowing and military trucks had to transport coffins out of the city.

急診站變成了重症監護室，並不是所有的病人都能得到救治，墓地爆滿，軍車不得不將棺材運出城外。

The Pope John the 23rd hospital, was at the center of the outbreak.

教皇約翰二十三世醫院，是爆發的中心。

Today, the number of coronavirus patients is a small fraction of a year ago.

如今，冠狀病毒患者的數量已經是一年前的一小部分。

The director of the emergency station suspects that Bergamo, as residents, have developed a form of herd immunity to the virus.

急救站主任懷疑貝加莫作為居民，已經對病毒產生了一種群體免疫力。

Many of the people who had antibodies in their blood last March were tested again in December, and they still had antibodies in their blood eight months later.

去年3月血中有抗體的人，很多人在12月又進行了檢測，8個月後他們的血中仍有抗體。

Of those people, hardly anyone was infected again.

這些人中，幾乎沒有人再被感染。

After the first wave, the city's health officials ordered extensive blood tests showed who had already been infected.

第一波後，市衛生官員下令進行廣泛的血液檢測，顯示誰已經被感染了。

More than 40% of those tested had antibodies against Covid 19, perhaps explaining why significantly fewer people were infected during the second wave in late 2020.

超過40%的受檢者有針對Covid 19的抗體，或許可以解釋為什麼在2020年末的第二波感染者明顯減少。

But now another problem has officials concerned.

但現在另一個問題讓官員們憂心忡忡。

I think we may have survived the worst of it, but it's far from over.

我想我們可能已經度過了最糟糕的時期，但還遠遠沒有結束。

We have to look carefully at the mutations that are spreading because they could completely change the virus and the situation here.

我們必須仔細觀察正在傳播的突變，因為它們可能會徹底改變病毒和這裡的情況。

The outbreak left even survivors traumatized, and it wiped out nearly an entire generation of seniors, among them Stefano frescoes, grandfather there's a saying that fits this tragedy very well.

疫情的爆發連倖存者都受到了創傷，它幾乎消滅了整整一代老人，其中斯特凡諾壁畫，爺爺有一句話很適合這個悲劇。

Every time an old man dies, it's like a library was burned down.

每次老人死了，就像圖書館被燒掉了一樣。

We saw a lot of libraries burned here.

我們看到很多圖書館在這裡被燒燬。

It's a huge wound that will never heal.

這是一個永遠無法癒合的巨大傷口。

He said the lockdown in Bergamo came much too late to save those.

他說，貝加莫的封鎖來得太晚了，無法挽救那些。

Like his grandfather, he founded an organization to seek justice and take legal action against the public.

他和他的祖父一樣，成立了一個組織，向公眾討回公道，採取法律行動。

Officials, he said, Let it happen.

他說，官員們，讓它發生。

5000 people joined up.

5000人加入了。

But for now, Fusco says he wants to transform anger into something constructive and one year after the coronavirus catastrophe, to make sure that something like that never happens again.

但現在，弗斯科說，他想把憤怒轉化為建設性的東西，在冠狀病毒災難發生一年後，確保這樣的事情永遠不會再發生。

And I'm joined now on the line by Enrico.

現在我和Enrico一起在線。

Start ahead of the Critical Care department and I see you at Cremona Hospital in Italy.

先從重症監護科開始，我在意大利克雷莫納醫院見。

Criminal, of course, also being a beautiful old town in the Lombardy region that was hit by the pandemic last spring.

當然，刑事，也是倫巴第地區一個美麗的古鎮，去年春天受到疫情的襲擊。

And Dr started, you were right in the thick of it.

而博士開始，你就在其中。

Um, how did you experience that terrible first wave last spring?

嗯，你是如何體驗去年春天那可怕的第一波？

Yeah, I can presently can recall exactly the time when we knew that we were facing Covid 19, because we have been the very first one to diagnose that this infection in Europe and, uh, that time it was clear that we were forced to face something which was, uh, totally unexpected.

是的，我現在可以回憶起確切的時間，當我們知道我們正面臨著Covid 19，因為我們一直是第一個在歐洲診斷出這種感染的人，呃，那時候很清楚，我們被迫面對的東西是，呃，完全出乎意料。

And, uh, nobody did it in the last, uh, 100 here here in Europe.

而且，呃，在過去的100年裡，歐洲沒有人這樣做。

So it was the idea that we have to find the way to fight against a pandemic problem, which was really astonishing at the time.

所以說我們要想辦法對抗一個流行病的問題，這個想法在當時真的是很驚奇。

And you had to make hard choices also, something that you probably don't have to do every day.

而你也不得不做出艱難的選擇，這也許不是你每天都要做的事情。

Uh, yeah, I think that what should be clear is that, uh, the scenario we were forced to face was a sort of worst scenario is sort of mass casualty problem where the definition of mass casualty is when there's a huge disproportion between the number of patients, you have to take care to take care and the resources that you have available so at that time was very difficult and important to balance the resources.

嗯，是的，我認為應該明確的是，嗯，我們被迫面對的情況是一種最壞的情況是大規模傷亡問題，大規模傷亡的定義是當有一個巨大的不相稱的病人數量之間，你必須採取照顧照顧和資源，你有可用的，所以在那個時候是非常困難的，重要的是要平衡資源。

Which means, uh, physicians, which means ventilators, which means best, and how to read the rearrange and reshape the hospital organization to meet something which was totally different from the routine, um al Paraiso, that must have been very tough.

這意味著，呃，醫生，這意味著呼吸機，這意味著最好的，以及如何閱讀重新安排和重塑醫院組織，以滿足完全不同於常規的東西，嗯al Paraiso，這一定是非常艱難的。

I mean, all your colleagues still on board or did some say this?

我的意思是，你所有的同事都還在船上，還是有的人這樣說？

This is too much.

這也太誇張了吧

I quit.

我不幹了

Yeah, I promise you that.

是的，我向你保證。

As I mentioned, uh, to cope with the situation with a sort of the worst scenario, worse situation.

就像我說的，呃，要用一種最壞的情況，更壞的情況來應對這種情況。

Uh, what was the shift?

呃，什麼是轉變？

What was the, uh, let me say the peacetime organization was totally reverted.

什麼是，呃，讓我說和平時期的組織完全恢復了。

So, uh, it's clear that at that time there were many, many hours to be to be covered in terms of ships.

所以,呃,很明顯,在那個時候,有很多,很多小時的船要被覆蓋。

And also, let me say that, uh, covid 19.

還有，讓我說，呃，covid 19。

For an intensive, it means, uh, uh, severe respiratory distress, which means a huge, uh, needs of ICU care.

對於重症患者來說，這意味著，呃，呃，嚴重的呼吸困難， 這意味著一個巨大的，呃，需要重症監護室的護理。

So the physician, we're tired.

所以醫生，我們很累。

We're pressed by a number of patients with a very critical condition.

我們被一些病情非常危急的病人壓著。

And so nobody quits.

所以沒有人退出。

Nobody say no.

沒有人說不。

Nobody surrendered to the situation.

沒有人投降。

But if you are asking me, what has been the cost of destroyed for sure has been extremely high.

但如果你要問我，什麼已經被摧毀的成本肯定已經非常高。

So what is the situation now compared to a year ago?

那麼與一年前相比，現在的情況如何呢？

Let me say that from the organizational perspective, Of course, Now we are well prepared and we we know better this kind of pathology, this kind of infection in the very beginning, this was totally unknown.

讓我說，從組織的角度來看，當然，現在我們已經做好了準備，我們我們更知道這種病理，這種感染在最開始的時候，這是完全未知的。

And so that was an issue at that time.

所以這在當時是一個問題。

Now we are We are more ready and we have more deeper knowledge about what we have to do and about what the covid minting infection is.

現在我們We are We are more ready and we have more deeper knowledge about what we have to do and about what the covid minting infection is.

But unfortunately, meantime, we are speaking the curve infection curve, and the epidemiologic perspective is very close to the first way.

但不幸的是，與此同時，我們講的是曲線感染曲線，流行病學的角度和第一種方式非常接近。

So unfortunately, I think that we have to fight a little bit longer waiting for the vaccine strategy and be fun.

所以很遺憾，我覺得我們要多打一點時間等待疫苗戰略，要好玩。

And just very briefly, if you could utter a wish to politicians, what do they need to do now?

而只是非常簡短地，如果你能對政治家說出一個願望，他們現在需要做什麼？

I think that we have to talk to each other and we have to balance again the actual resource in what is now available and forecasting very widely what to do in the in the next 2 to 3 months in order to address our effort.

我認為，我們必須相互交流，我們必須再次平衡現在現有的實際資源和非常廣泛地預測未來2至3個月的工作，以解決我們的努力。

All right, Dr.

好的，博士

Enrico, starting from Criminal Hospital in Italy.

恩里科，從意大利的刑事醫院開始。

Thank you so much.

非常感謝你。

Thank you.

謝謝你了

Now one positive side effect of the pandemic More people have been getting a flu jab, but there are still reservations towards covid 19 vaccines.

現在，大流行的一個積極的副作用更多的人已經得到了流感疫苗，但仍有保留對covid 19疫苗。

Are they justified?

他們有理由嗎？

Time to ask Derek, My elderly in laws have already survived the infection.

是時候問問Derek了，我的老丈人已經在感染中存活下來了。

Is vaccination recommended for them?

是否建議為他們接種疫苗？

I'm not a doctor, and your in laws need to talk to one about what's recommended for their specific, unique medical situation, but they can go into that discussion informed.

我不是醫生，你的岳父岳母也需要和醫生談談，看看他們具體的、獨特的醫療情況有什麼建議，但他們可以在知情的情況下進行討論。

So let's go back over a few fundamentals of this pandemic that are important to keep in mind.

所以，我們再來回顧一下這個流行病的幾個基本原理，這是很重要的，要牢牢記住。

First and foremost, the elderly are the group most at risk when they get this disease.

首先，老年人是得了這種病最危險的群體。

In some places, four and five of the people who have died from COVID.

在一些地方，死於COVID的人有四五個。

19 have been over 65.

19人已超過65歲；

That's why, in vaccine rollouts nearly everywhere, the elderly are at the top of the distribution list because evidence is now really piling up that vaccines really do reduce severe disease, hospitalization and death in that group.

這也是為什麼，在幾乎各地的疫苗推廣中，老年人都是發放名單中的佼佼者，因為現在的證據真的是堆積如山，疫苗真的能減少這個群體的重症、住院和死亡。

Second in trials, older people generally responded very well to approved vaccines and going on 300 million shots worldwide.

其次在試驗中，老年人普遍對已準許的疫苗反應很好，在全球範圍內要打3億針。

They're still doing so, so the chances that a vaccine will present some kind of danger to their health are vanishingly small, and there's a reason why which is vaccines don't make you sick.

他們還在這樣做，所以疫苗對他們的健康造成某種危害的機率是消失的小，這是有原因的，那就是疫苗不會讓你生病。

Many people still have to be reminded of that, Um, approved vaccines don't contain SARS cov two.

很多人還是要提醒一下，嗯，準許的疫苗不含非典cov兩。

They contain things that fake and infection with it, and that can cause side effects as your immune system reacts, sometimes even fairly powerful side effects.

他們包含的東西，偽造和感染它，並可能導致副作用，因為你的免疫系統的反應，有時甚至相當強大的副作用。

But those are signs the vaccine is working and are almost always quite short term.

但這些都是疫苗起作用的跡象，而且幾乎都是相當短期的。

Um, the third point I want to make is that health authorities pretty much all recommend everyone get vaccinated when they had the chance, even if they have the disease and have recovered.

嗯，我想說的第三點是，衛生部門幾乎都建議大家在有機會的時候接種疫苗，即便是得了病，已經康復了。

Because then the vaccine acts as a booster and can help shore up the immune response even more.

因為這樣疫苗就起到了助推器的作用，可以幫助支撐更多的免疫反應。

There might be some instances, for example, where someone is extremely frail, or where there are serious underlying conditions where doctors might recommend postponing vaccination.

在某些情況下，例如某人身體極度虛弱，或有嚴重的潛在疾病，醫生可能會建議延後接種。

But if they were recommending that from my in laws, I'd certainly make them explain why.

但如果是我岳父岳母推薦的，我一定會讓他們解釋原因。

Because vaccines save lives.

因為疫苗能救命。

Derrick Williams will be back next week as well.

德里克-威廉姆斯下週也會回來。

Covid 19 Special.

科維德19特別。

Thanks for watching.

謝謝你的觀看。

Mhm.

嗯