is infiltrating everywhere.

正在到處滲透。

And it doesn't even. - The way of me making change

而且它甚至沒有。- 我改變的方式

- And this cancel culture. - Is be as judgemental as

- 而這種取消文化。- 是作為判斷力

possible about other people. - Cancel culture in a nutshell

可能對其他人。- 取消文化的簡述

Cancel culture actually. - Cancel culture.

取消文化其實。- 取消文化。

- Freedom of speech. - Cancel culture.

- 言論自由。- 取消文化。

(dramatic music)

咍

- Let's talk about cancel culture.

- 我們來談談取消文化。

I'm gonna assume you know that cancel culture is a form

我想你應該知道，取消文化是一種

of a boycott involving an individual.

涉及個人的抵制活動；

Usually a celebrity, who is deemed to have

通常是名人，被認為有

had problematic behavior

有問題

or who has said something questionable and controversial.

或說過一些有問題和有爭議的話的人。

There have been countless videos and numerous takes

已經有無數的視頻和無數的拍攝

on why cancel culture itself has become problematic.

關於為什麼取消文化本身已經成為問題。

The way that we judge an entire flawed growing human being

我們對整個有缺陷的成長中的人類的評判方式。

by one moment in time taken out of that time

時光荏苒

social context, thanks to social media and the internet.

社會背景，由於社交媒體和互聯網。

Ironically enough, cancel cultures origins apparently come

具有諷刺意味的是，取消文化的起源顯然是來自於 "中國"。

from a misogynistic joke.

從一個厭惡女性的笑話。

Possibly the first reference to canceling someone comes

可能是第一次提到取消某人的時候。

with the 1991 film, "New Jack City".

與1991年的電影《新傑克城》。

In which Wesley Snipes plays a gangster named Nino Brown.

韋斯利-斯奈普斯在其中飾演一個名叫尼諾-布朗的黑幫老大。

In one scene after his girlfriend breaks

在一場戲中，他的女友分手後

down because of all the violence he's causing.

因為他造成的暴力事件而被打倒。

He dumps her by saying,

他甩了她說。

"Cancel that bitch, I'll buy another one."

"取消那個婊子，我再買一個。"

Jump to 2010 when Lil Wayne referenced the film

跳到2010年，Lil Wayne提到了這部電影。

and a line from his song, "I'm single".

以及他那首《我是單身》中的一句話。

"Yeah. I'm single, had to cancel that bitch like Nino."

"是啊，我是單身，不得不取消那個像尼諾一樣的婊子。"

This callback to the earlier sexist cancel joke

這回調了之前的性別歧視取消的笑話

probably helped the phrase percolate for a while.

可能幫助這句話醞釀了一段時間。

And then several decades later gained massive popularity

幾十年後又得到了大規模的普及

in 2018 and 2019 as evidenced by this Google trends data.

在2018年和2019年，從谷歌的這個趨勢數據可以看出。

Of course, there are certain cancel people

當然，也有某些取消的人

who absolutely deserve to be stripped of their power

咎由自取

and made to pay the consequences of their actions.

併為其行為的後果付出代價。

If you're a serial rapist,

如果你是一個連環強姦犯。

abuser, convicted pedophile, murderer

虐待者、被定罪的戀童癖、殺人犯

or someone who likes fucking cantaloupe

或有人誰喜歡他媽的哈密瓜。

then you deserve to be canceled.

那你活該被取消。

And more importantly, probably serve jail time.

更重要的是，可能要坐牢。

'Cause if you actually enjoy cantaloupe

因為如果你真的喜歡哈密瓜的話

you should not be free to walk the streets

閒庭信步

and there's something incredibly wrong with you.

有什麼東西 令人難以置信的錯誤與你。

What I do wanna add

我想補充的是

to the cancel culture conversation are three things.

到取消文化的談話有三點。

One, how cancel culture is weaponized against others.

其一，取消文化是如何武器化地對付別人的。

Two, how we weaponize cancel culture for ourselves

二、我們如何將取消文化武器化為己用

and three, how we can actually fix

第三，我們如何才能真正解決

this monster that we have created.

這個我們創造的怪物。

Though cancel culture began with good intentions

雖然取消文化的初衷是好的

and undeniably has brought some predators to light.

且不可否認的是，已經讓一些掠奪者曝光了。

We're now witnessing the intentional weaponization

我們現在看到的是蓄意的武器化。

of cancel culture against others.

取消文化對他人的。

Some people use this

有些人用這個

to their own advantage, hurling accusations

投其所好，橫加指責

in order to get revenge for personal matters.

為了報私仇。

If you're not familiar

如果你不熟悉

with the Tati Westbrook and James Charles drama,

與塔蒂-維斯特布魯克和詹姆斯-查爾斯的劇。

Westbrook insists her video calling James Charles

威斯布魯克堅稱她的視頻叫詹姆斯-查爾斯。

out a video that used language to insinuate

出了一個視頻，用語言影射了

that he was a sexual predator,

他是一個性侵犯者。

was because Westbrook thought this was the only way

因為威斯布魯克認為這是唯一的辦法。

to get Charles the help he needed

讓查爾斯得到他需要的幫助

and not because she was upset

而不是因為她不高興

that he promoted vitamins that weren't hers.

他推廣的維生素不是她的。

You can watch the hours

你可以看時間

of videos if you want they'll dissect this topic to all hell

的視頻，如果你想，他們會剖析這個話題，所有的地獄。

but I can tell you, it was about the vitamins.

但我可以告訴你，這是關於維生素。

This weaponization of cancel culture is not exclusive

這種取消文化的武器化並不是唯一的

to individual against individual.

到個人對個人。

(upbeat music)

(歡快的音樂)

Fandoms rally against properties they aren't satisfied with.

影迷們對自己不滿意的屬性進行反彈。

Most notably the "Sonic the Hedgehog" film.

最值得一提的是《刺蝟索尼克》電影。

Now, when the trailer came out in April of 2019

現在，當2019年4月的預告片出來後。

it was heavily roasted online

鬧得沸沸揚揚

and had a nearly 50% dislike ratio.

並有近50%的不喜歡比例。

And I mean, yeah, he looks horrifying.

我的意思是，是的，他看起來很可怕。

The reaction of the internet was not wrong here.

網友的反應在這裡沒有錯。

I mean, he had a human freaking teeth for crying out loud

我的意思是，他有一個人類的牙齒 哭了出來。

this a creepy boy, but the Twitter outrage mob

這是一個令人毛骨悚然的男孩，但Twitter憤怒的暴徒

on Sonic was according to the Hollywood reporter.

上的聲波是根據好萊塢記者。

So immediate and loud that Paramount pushed the release date

如此立竿見影，聲勢浩大，派拉蒙將上映日期推了出來

and had the VFX team redesign Sonic

並讓VFX團隊重新設計Sonic

with an appearance that matched the Sega games.

與世嘉遊戲相匹配的外觀。

It's hard to argue that this weaponization

很難說這種武器化的做法

and power of the internet of Fandom was necessarily wrong

和力量的互聯網的Fandom必然是錯誤的

because when you compare the two designs

因為當你比較這兩種設計

one is clearly way less creepy.

一個是明顯的方式少毛骨悚然。

I think we can all agree that the redesign is cuter

我想我們都同意，重新設計是可愛的。

and more approachable and feels less

和更平易近人，感覺不那麼

like a creature who eats and enjoys cantaloupe.

就像一個吃著哈密瓜，享受著哈密瓜的生物。

But nonetheless, this is still weaponization.

但儘管如此，這仍然是武器化。

And in this case, things came seemingly all

而在這種情況下，事情似乎都來了

out for the better

好處

given that it set the record for the biggest opening weekend

鑑於它創下了最大的首映週末紀錄。

for a video game film in the United States

在美國的視頻遊戲電影

and Canada hauling an estimated 57 million.

和加拿大拖著約5700萬。

I mean, Sonic ultimately ended

我的意思是，聲波最終結束

up grossing over 319 million worldwide.

了全球總收入超過3.19億。

And even with the redesign, the budget was about 95 million.

而即使重新設計，預算也是9500萬左右。

So this entire debacle had a happy ending

所以整個事件有一個圓滿的結局

but I would argue that it sets a pretty dangerous precedent.

但我想說，這是個相當危險的先例。

I mean, how much

我的意思是，多少錢

of a say should audiences have over creative choices?

觀眾對創意的選擇應該有多少發言權？

How many times have we seen movies canceled based

有多少次我們看到電影被取消的基礎上。

on their trailers, which by the way

在他們的拖車上，順便說一下

most filmmakers have no control

大多數電影人無法控制

over the way that their movie is marketed.

在他們電影的營銷方式上。

Usually, it's at the discretion of the film distributor

通常，這是由電影發行商決定的。

and we all know how misleading trailers can be

我們都知道預告片有多大的誤導性。

in order to get us to watch the movie.

為了讓我們看電影。

And though this Sonic incident turned out well

雖然這次聲波事件的結果很好

we've seen outrage mobs in other contexts,

我們已經看到憤怒的暴徒在其他情況下。

particularly academics.

特別是學術界。

And these mobs have often succeeded in silencing professors,

而這些暴徒往往成功地讓教授們閉嘴。

philosophers and journalists.

哲學家和記者。

Take the case of Rebecca Tuvel

以Rebecca Tuvel的案子為例

who in 2017, published an article, addressing the question

誰在2017年，發表了一篇文章，解決了這個問題。

of transracialism, which was relevant at the time

當時相關的跨種族主義的問題。

because of the news coverage of Rachel Dolezal,

因為雷切爾-多爾扎爾的新聞報道。

a white woman who claimed black identity.

一個自稱黑人身份的白人婦女。

In the paper, in defense of transracialism.

在文件中，為跨種族主義辯護。

Tuvel examined the arguments

Tuvel研究了這些論點

you use to defend a transgender identity

你用來維護變性人身份

and applied these to the question of transracialism.

並將其應用於跨種族問題。

This is a very common technique among philosophers,

這是哲學家們非常常用的手法。

testing if reasoning used on one issue would apply equally

檢驗在一個問題上使用的推理是否同樣適用。

to a different issue that appeared to close parallel.

到一個看似接近平行的不同問題。

The negative social media response to Tuvel's article, huge.

社交媒體對圖維爾文章的負面反應，巨大。

An open letter with 500 signatures

有500人簽名的公開信

which apparently was mostly signed by non-academics was sent

其中顯然大部分是由非學術界人士簽署的，被寄給了美國政府。

to the publication, demanding that the article be retracted

致函該刊，要求撤銷該文章。

and it was, an unprecedented move.

而這，是一個前所未有的舉動。

Now the academic community itself largely supported Tuvel.

現在學界本身就基本支持圖維爾。

Pointing out how several statements

指出若干聲明如何

in the open letter were false and misleading

公開信中的內容是虛假和誤導性的。

and did not reflect the actual content of Tuvel's paper.

並沒有反映圖維爾論文的實際內容。

The Intelligencer has a great breakdown

Intelligencer有一個很好的分析

of Tuvel's paper that debunks most

揭穿了圖維爾論文中的大部分內容

of the assertions in the open letter

公開信中的論斷

and I'll link it if you wanna read it.

如果你想看的話，我會把它鏈接起來。

Tuvel herself went on the record to say

圖維爾自己也曾公開表示

that she had written the article from a place

她是在一個地方寫的文章

of support for those with non-normative identities

對非正常身份者的支持；

because she saw transphobic logic lay

因為她看到了變性人的邏輯

at the heart of the attacks against Dolezal.

攻擊多爾扎爾的核心。

Now I'm not here to comment on who was right

我現在不是來評論誰是對的

or who was wrong 'cause I'm not an academic

或誰是錯的，因為我不是一個學者。

or a transgender person or a transracial person.

或變性人或跨種族人。

My only thought on the entire controversy

我對整個爭議的唯一想法

of this, is that if people found fault with it

這一點，是如果人們發現它的錯誤。

they should have addressed it critically

他們應該認真對待

with critical thought.

具有批判性思維。

The level of outrage

憤怒的程度

and personal attacks that Tuvel faced was not warranted

和人身攻擊是沒有道理的

for an academic article rooted in philosophical thought

哲理文章，以饗讀者

and examination, because this is what philosophy is

因為這才是哲學的本質

for - to examine why we think the things we think

為--研究我們為什麼會有這樣的想法。

and bring different viewpoints to the discussion for debate.

並將不同的觀點帶到討論中進行辯論。

But the culture we live in is moving at such a rapid speed.

但我們所處的文化發展速度如此之快。

What is socially acceptable

什麼是社會可以接受的

or not changes incredibly quickly.

或不變化的速度快得驚人。

The norms around gender

關於性別的規範

and identity are in flux and philosophy.

和身份的變化和哲學。

You know, they got a lot to examine right now.

你知道，他們現在有很多東西要研究。

And if we find fault with one of those assertions

如果我們發現其中一個斷言有問題的話

we should make sure to note the context is

我們要注意的是，上下文是

within academic speculation and address it accordingly

內，並據此處理

without threatening someone's life or family or employment

在不危及他人生命、家庭或工作的情況下，

when they're doing the very thing

當他們正在做的事情

that they're employed to do.

他們受僱於人的工作。

Now, if Tuvel's article was like a hate piece

現在，如果圖維爾的文章就像一篇仇恨的文章一樣

that attempted to invalidate trans identity

試圖使變性人身份無效的問題

and was laid in with obscenities

並被鋪上了淫穢的語言

like that's a different story, but it wasn't.

就像那是一個不同的故事，但它不是。

And I'm very curious how many people who signed

我很好奇，有多少人簽了字？

that open letter one, actually read Tuvel's article

那封公開信一，其實是讀圖維爾的文章。

and not just the provocative headline

而不僅僅是挑釁性的標題

and two, have the academic background

二、有學術背景

to even understand why the explorative article was written

甚至理解為什麼要寫這篇探索性的文章。

as a parallel to trans racial identity

與變性人種族身份並行的問題

and the conclusions it made.

以及它所作出的結論。

Now the weaponization of cancel culture

現在取消文化的武器化

against a myriad of others seems like a no-brainer.

對付無數的人來說，似乎是不費吹灰之力。

But the second, and I think more harmful effect is

但第二種，也是我認為更有害的影響就是

that we weaponize it for ourselves.

我們把它作為自己的武器。

We weaponize cancel cultures that we feel better

我們武器化取消文化，我們感覺更好

about ourselves, because feeling angry

因為感到憤怒

and feeling superior and feeling outraged

而感到優越感和憤怒

feels fucking great.

感覺他媽的偉大。

- But I do get a sense sometimes now

- 但我現在有時會有一種感覺

among certain young people, and this is accelerated

在某些年輕人中，這種情況會加速發生。

by social media, there is this sense sometimes

由社交媒體，有這種感覺有時

of the way of me making change is to be as judgmental

我改變的方式是判斷的方式

as possible about other people.

儘可能的瞭解其他人。

And that's enough.

這就夠了。

Like if I tweet or hashtag

比如說，如果我在推特上或標籤上

about how you didn't do something right

抱怨自己做得不對

or use the word wrong verb

錯別字

or then I can sit back and feel pretty good about myself.

或者說我可以坐下來，自我感覺良好。

'Cause man, you see how woke I was?

因為男人，你看我有多醒？

I called you out

我叫你出來

- Yeah. Calling someone out makes us feel real good.

- 是啊，叫人出來，讓我們感覺很好。罵人讓我們感覺很好。

It automatically places us above the person who did wrong.

它自動將我們置於做錯事的人之上。

The problem is, we forget

問題是，我們忘記了

that we do wrong shit all the time.

我們做錯了狗屎所有的時間。

- This idea of purity and you're never compromised

- 這種純潔的想法，你永遠不會妥協。

and you're always politically woke

而你總是政治上的清醒

and all that stuff you should get over that quickly.

和所有的東西，你應該很快就能克服。

(audience laughing) The world is messy.

(觀眾笑)這個世界很亂。

There are ambiguities,

有含糊不清的地方。

people who do really good stuff have flaws.

好事不出門，壞事傳千里

- There's a wonderful book it's called

- 有一本很好的書，叫做

"So You've Been Publicly Shamed" by Jon Ronson

Jon Ronson的 "所以你被公開羞辱了"。

and it examines the Twitter outrage mob

它研究了Twitter的憤怒暴徒。

and the real life effects that this digital judge

和現實生活中的效果，這種數字法官

jury and executioner have had.

陪審團和劊子手都有。

Some of my favorite standout quotes are,

我最喜歡的一些突出語錄是：

"The snowflake never needs to feel responsible

"雪花永遠不需要覺得自己有責任

for the avalanche."

為雪崩。"

And, "We were creating a world where the smartest way

而且，"我們正在創造一個世界，在這個世界裡，最聰明的方式是什麼？

to survive is to be bland".

生存就是平淡"。

Cancel culture in its most extreme form

以最極端的形式取消文化

often forgets that we judge an entire person based

往往忘記了我們對一個人的判斷是基於

on one moment in time, out of context

斷章取義

of actually knowing that individual's background,

的實際瞭解該人的背景。

exposure, upbringing, and growth.

接觸、教養和成長。

And if cancel culture's goal is to make people more aware

而如果取消文化的目標是讓人們更加了解

of their harmful behaviors.

的有害行為。

Yeah. It's succeeding.

是的，它成功了

But if its ultimate goal is

但如果其最終目標是

for those harmful behaviors to be adjusted

為調整這些有害行為

so that people can move forward

以使人們能夠向前邁進

in their lives and integrate that awareness and get rid

在他們的生活中，並將這種意識融入到他們的生活中，並擺脫他們的生活。

of that problematic behavior, then it's fucking failing.

的問題行為，那就他媽的失敗了。

I think Sarah Silverman put it the most eloquently

我覺得莎拉-西爾弗曼說得最精闢。

on an episode of her podcast.

在她的一集播客中。

- Christian Picciolini my friend,

- Christian Picciolini 我的朋友

who was a Neo-Nazi for years

多年來一直是新納粹分子的人

since he was from 14 to, you know, into his twenties

因為他從14歲到，你知道，到他的20歲