In today's lesson, you will learn about 24 different words

在今天的課程中，我們將會學到約 24 個字詞。

to talk about your working life.

都是在我們職涯中常見的字詞。

You'll need these words if you want to be able to talk about your career

當你要談論職場工作，或是其他人的職涯時

or about someone else's professional life.

這些字詞都非常實用。

So let's get started.

讓我們開始今天的課程吧！

I've divided the vocabulary into two parts.

今天要介紹的單字我把它們分成兩大類。

On this side, we'll see words which the applicant or the employee, the future employee is going

讓我們看一下左側，這邊的單字適合應徵者、員工或未來的員工使用。

to need; things that a person who is applying for a job or someone who works somewhere,

適用在求職的情況，或描述某人目前在何處就職。

these words apply to them. And the words on this side refer to things that the employer

而右側這邊的單字通常是用來描述有關雇主和公司的行為。

does, that the company does. Okay? So let's start with what a person does when

這樣說明大家清楚嗎？好，現在讓我們從一個情境開始，比如說有個人

he's looking... He or she is looking for a job. So the first thing is to "look for a

他/她正在求職，因此他/她們第一件要做的事就是「找工作 (look for a job)」。

job". That could mean that you look at classified ads, you go online; you look for a job. Another

這表示可能要到分類廣告或是上網看看；找工作的另個說法是：

way to say that is: "to seek employment", that's a formal way to say it. "To seek" means

「求職 (to seek employment)」，這是較正式的說法。「To seek」的意思是指「尋求」

to look for, and "employment" means work or a job.

而「employment」的意思則是指工作。

Next, you would probably "apply". After you see a position that interests you or a job

基本上接下來您就要「去應徵 (apply)」工作。當你看到感興趣的職缺或工作時

that interests you, you would apply for that position, you would fill out perhaps an application

就會去應徵，應徵可能會需要填寫應徵表格或是寫信。

form or send in a letter. And also "submit" which means to formally give in or send in,

另外，「submit」的意思是正式提出或寄出

to submit your resume, to submit your CV. CV is curriculum vitae. In some places, they

你的履歷，或是 CV (簡歷)。CV 的全文是 curriculum vitae。有些地方會稱「CV」

say: "CV", and in other places, they say: "resume". It's the same thing, but you need

而有些地方則是稱「履歷 (resume)」，兩者其實指的是一樣的東西，不過都需要經過

to apply and submit it. So these are the first three things that someone who's looking for

應徵和提交的程序。好，所以我們知道了求職者/工作應徵者要找工作首先需要的三件事。

a job or a job applicant is going to do. Let's jump on to this side now to see what

讓我們看一下這邊，看看雇主需要做些甚麼。

the employer does, and then later, we'll come back to a couple of other things which the

稍後我們會再回到這裡說明求職者/工作應徵者可以做些什麼事情。

person can do. Okay? So what does the employer usually do? After they have gone through the

好，那麼雇主們通常在會要做那些事呢?

applications, they will invite some people for an "interview" and they will interview

雇主方會邀請其中幾位應徵者前來「面試 (interview)」，並對應徵者進行面試流程。

that person. Next, they'll make a list which is... That

接著，雇主會列出名單，這個流程就是所謂的

process is called: "to shortlist". "To shortlist" means let's say that they interviewed 20 people

「列出候選人名單 (to shortlist)」。「列出候選人名單」的意思是指，比如說求才方

and now they're going to choose about three people or five people, and from those five

共邀請 20 個人來面試，他們會從中再選出 3 到 5 個人；不過由於職缺只需要一個人

or three, they will choose one person finally because there's one position available. So

因此需要從這 3 到 5 個人之中再挑選出一個最終人選。

when they take out of the 20, they make it three or five, that's called... That process

這個找來 20 個應徵者，並從中篩選出 3 到 5 個人的動作

is called shortlisting. They shortlist the candidates. So the first thing you can hope,

就稱為「列出候選人名單」流程。因此當你面試完後，首先應該期盼的是

after being interviewed, is that you will be shortlisted. And then, hopefully, you will

能先進入候選人名單，如此你才有機會獲選為該職位的最適人選。

also be chosen for the position. So if that happens, the company decides to

如果你很幸運的成為最終人選，就表示公司決定「雇用 (hire)」你或是

"hire" someone or to "recruit" a new employee, to recruit someone. Both words are used.

「招募」一名新員工 (招新人進來)。這兩個單字在這裡都適用。

After that, if necessary, but not always, they may have to "train" that person to teach

之後呢，若公司覺得有需要的話，可能會對新進員工進行「訓練 (train)」，教導他們

them how to do the job. At some later point in their career, it may be also necessary

如何執行工作業務。進入職場一段時間後，公司也有可能需要「重新訓練 (retrain)」員工。

to "retrain" that person. "Re"-anything usually means to do something again.

字首為「Re-」的字詞通常是指將某件事再做一次的意思。

Next, after the person has been hired and perhaps trained, the person will be "placed"

接下來，當新人受到僱用並且也許接受過教育訓練後，公司會將該名新人

in a particular department, in a branch, in a division, in a particular location. They

「放在」某個部門、分公司或是辦事處，總之就是某個特定位置。

will placed there means they will be put in that position.

放在哪個部門崗位就表示負責什麼職位。

Next, a variety of things can occur, can happen in the course of a person's career. A person

接下來，一個人的職涯中可能會遇到很多種狀況，例如

could be "transferred". You see the arrow? Transfer means your position, the level of

可能會遇到「transferred (調職)」。大家有看到這個箭頭嗎？

your position doesn't change necessarily, but you might be just moved. "To transfer"

這表示你的職位可能不見得有變動，有可能只是移動而已。

means to move to another branch, to another location, to another country, - right? - another

「調職」意味著可能調到其他分公司、其他地點或是其他國家

department, another division. You are transferred. Another thing that can happen if you're doing

或是其他部門或單位。這就叫做「調職」。另一個狀況是你工作表現良好

very well is you might be "promoted". Here we see the arrow pointing up. So, "to promote"

獲得「promoted (晉升)」。我們可以看到這邊的箭頭是向上的方向，因此「晉升」

means to get a higher level position. Usually, but not always, that includes a higher salary

可能就是指得到更高的職位。通常這也意味著得到更高的薪水。

as well. Then you may be... That's referred to as a "raise", but it doesn't always happen.

也就是所謂的「加薪 (raise)」，不過這種情況並不經常發生。

Sometimes you get a higher position without the extra money.

有時你雖然升職了，但薪水卻沒有變動。

What can also happen, but very rarely, - but it does happen sometimes -, is instead of

另外一種較少可能發生的情形，但是的確可能會發生的，而和「晉升」相反的情況

getting promoted, a person might be demo-... "Demoted". So "demoted" means to get a lower

則是「降職 (降職)」。「降職」的意思是調到比原先還低層的職位。

position. This doesn't usually happen. Sometimes it can happen, for example: in the army, a

這種情形不會經常發生，但偶而會遇到；例如好比說在軍隊中

person might be demoted for something bad that they did.

如果有人違反規定或紀律，就會遭到降級。

Next: we come to different ways in which a person can be asked to leave work. There are

接下來：我們從相反角度看一下會被要求離開工作崗位的原因。

three different ways so let me explain because the difference is actually very important.

主要有三種形式，都相當重要，請讓我一一說明。

A person might be "laid off". Another way to say that is: "to make someone redundant".

員工可能會遭「laid off (裁員)」，另一種說法叫做「to make someone redundant」。

A person might be laid off or made redundant. I'll explain what that means. A person might

員工有可能面臨裁員的情況，讓我來解釋一下它的意思。員工可能遇到

be "retrenched", or: "dismissed", or: "terminated". Now, let me explain the difference. When companies

「人力緊縮」、「解雇」或「中止合同」多種情形，讓我來說明一下這其中的差異。

lay off employees, they don't usually lay off one employee. They lay off a number of

當公司裁員時，通常不會只裁一名員工，而是一群員工

employees, sometimes it could be a hundred employees, it could be a thousand employees.

可能達到數百人，甚至可能裁撤數千名員工。

And why does that happen? It has nothing to do with employee performance; it has to do

為什麼會出現這樣的情況呢？這和員工的績效表現無關，往往是與其他 .... 原因有關。

with other... other reasons. The economy may be bad or the sales may be down, and so on.

原因可能是經濟不景氣或產品銷售量下滑等等 ....。

And so the company is forced to lay off hundreds of workers. Right? So when the company lays

因而迫使公司裁員數百名員工，這樣大家能理解嗎？當公司決定裁員數百名員工時

off a number of workers, then they are telling them to go, but again, it's only temporarily.

會要求員工離開公司，不過這只是暫時的。

Usually it's temporarily. Sometimes if the... If the economy continues to be really bad,

一般來說是暫時的。但是如果景氣持續不佳

it can become permanent, but layoffs are often temporary. Sometimes when things improve then

就有可能是永遠離開公司了。總之裁員通常是暫時的情況，一旦景氣或公司狀況好轉

they may be rehired. So if someone is laid off, it's much easier for that person to get

公司就會重新聘回員工。換言之，如果某人是因為公司裁員離開

another job because if they're fired, for example, then that's going to be more difficult

他們會比較容易找到其他工作；好比說與因被公司開除離職的人相較起來，被公司開除的人

for them to get another job. All right. Now, next one is: "retrench". When

要找到下一份工作會比較困難。好，接下來我們來看「人力緊縮 (retrench)」這個詞彙。

a company retrenches employees, it's similar to the layoff, but it's for different reasons.

當公司進行人力緊縮時，它的意涵接近於裁員，只是原因不相同。

Retrenchment happens when a company is trying to restructure itself, reorganize its finances.

人力緊縮通常會發生在公司要進行內部財務重組的情況下

And so, it may decide to reduce expenses in a number of different ways. Sometimes it does

公司可能會決定以多種方式減少開支。人力支出方面

it by shortening working hours, by lowering salaries, and finally, if they have no choice

可能是透過減少工時、減薪；如果最後仍然是無法節省足夠多的開支成本

and no other way to save enough money, they may actually ask employees to go. So those

公司可能就會請員工離開。在這種情形下，這些員工離開的原因

employees would then be retrenched. Again, it doesn't usually just happen to one person

是因為公司實施人力緊縮。同樣地，這通常也不會只發生在單一員工身上

at all; it happens to many people, maybe hundreds. So layoffs and retrenchments are similar,

而是會在公司中的一群員工身上發生。所以這就是為什麼我前面說裁員和人力緊縮很類似，

except that retrenchment is often looked at, technically, as more permanent, and layoffs,

除了一點，人力緊縮往往是長久的情況，而裁員

as I mentioned, might be temporary. The next situation is number 11 here, is a

如同我前面提及過的，可能只是暫時的狀態。接著來看編號 11 的詞彙，員工可能會遭遇

person could be "dismissed" or "terminated." And what does that mean? Okay? That means

「解雇 (dismissed)」或「中止合同 (terminated)」的情況。這意味著甚麼呢？

something quite different from being laid off, because when you're laid off, as I said,

這組詞彙的情境和遭到資遣的狀況完全不同；當你是因為公司資遣而離職，如先前提到的

it's not your fault. But if you're dismissed or terminated, it may be because the company

問題不在你。但如果遭到公司解雇或中止合同而離職，原因可能是公司對於某員工的表現

is specifically unhappy with that person's performance, or that person is perpetually

非常不滿意，好比經常上班遲到，或是工作表現

late, or that person's work is not up to standard, and so on. Right? So the company dismisses

未達標準等等因素。這樣大家能理解了嗎？因此當公司解雇

that particular person. The official word for that is to be "dismissed" or to be "terminated".

特定對象時，正式的詞彙就是「解雇 (dismissed)」或「中止合同 (terminated)」。

The slang for that is to be "fired" or "sacked". In North America, the slang is: "to be fired".

厘語的說法則是「炒魷魚 (fired)」或「被炒了 (sacked)」。

In England, the slang tends to be: "to be sacked". All right?

在英國比較常聽到的俚語說法是「被炒了 (to be sacked)」。

So that's what can happen from the employer's point of view. Let's go back for a minute

以上都是從員工的角色會遇到的情況。現在讓我們回到白板這邊

and talk about a few other things that the employee can do.

再簡單談談員工可以做的幾件事。

Sometimes, you may get a better job and so you decide to leave the company where you

在某些情況下，你有機會得到更好的工作機會，因此決定離開目前的公司

work and go to another company, so you "resign". This is something you do by yourself. You

去別的公司任職，因此你決定「辭職 (resign)」。決定辭職，這是出於你本身的決定。

decide to resign. The slang for that is to: "quit". "I quit", famous words. So, if you

用來表示這個動作的俚語是「不做了 (quit)」。「我不做了 (I quit)」是很常聽到的一句話。

decide to resign, you will probably submit a letter of resignation. All right? That goes

如果你決定要辭職了，可能會需要提出辭呈。

with resigning. And the last thing that an employee usually

最後這部分和辭職有關。接著我們來看最後一個，也是員工通常都會遇到的狀況

does, - it depends on what age in different countries -, is to "retire". So what does

遇到的年齡每個國家規定不同 - 這個狀況就是面臨「退休 (retire)」。

it mean to retire? "To retire" means to stop working because you've reached an age when,

退休是甚麼意思呢？「退休」意味著你已達到法定最高工作年齡

legally, you are forced to stop working. And these... The age varies in different countries,

因此不可再繼續工作。工作退休年齡每個國家都不相同

but it can be anywhere from 60 to 65 in most places. All right? Of course, if you work

不過大多國家都訂在 60 到 65 歲左右。這樣大家能理解了嗎？不過如果你是自營業者

for yourself, you may never retire. And in other countries, the retirement age might

就沒有退不退休的問題了。每個國家的法定退休年齡都不太相同

be quite different. All right? So, this is some essential vocabulary that

好，以上所有介紹的重要詞彙

you need to be able to talk about your business life, your working life, your career. All

都可以運用在您的業務生活、工作生活和職涯之中。

right? If you would like to do a quiz on this subject, please go to our website: www.engvid.com.

如果您想要針對今天的主題做個測驗，請上我們的網站：website: www.engvid.com。

Thank you very much for watching, and good luck with your career. Bye for now.

感謝各位觀賞課程，祝大家求職順利，再會！