Stream Get the best deal.

流得到最好的待遇。

There isn't streaming both Curiosity Stream and Nebula, where you can watch my brand new original feature length documentary, Siri's Ghost Towns for less than $12 a year by following the link down in the description, The United States is a complicated country with a complicated geometry.

沒有流媒體的好奇心流和星雲，在這裡你可以觀看我的全新原創長篇紀錄片《Siri的鬼城》，一年不到12美元，按照描述中的鏈接，美國是一個複雜的國家，複雜程度幾何。

Take Colorado, for instance, which has seems like a simple rectangle.

以科羅拉多州為例，它有似乎是一個簡單的長方形。

While that appears to be true from far above on every map you've probably ever seen, taking a closer look at this rectangle reveals some disturbing geometric truths.

雖然在你可能見過的每張地圖上，從遠處看都是如此，但仔細觀察這個矩形，會發現一些令人不安的幾何真相。

Colorado ain't no rectangle.

科羅拉多州可不是什麼長方形的地方 Colorado ain't no rectangle.

Back in 18 76 when Colorado was first admitted as a state, the legislation, which created it to find the state's borders purely by lines of latitude and longitude without any regard for natural boundaries like mountains or rivers specifically the state of Colorado was then defined as being all the land, which existed between the latitude lines 37 degrees north and 41 degrees north, and between the longitudinal lines of 102 degrees, three minutes west and 109 degrees three minutes west.

早在1876年，當科羅拉多州第一次被接納為一個州時，立法，它創建了純粹通過經緯線來尋找州的邊界，而不考慮山川河流等自然邊界，特別是科羅拉多州當時被定義為所有的土地，它存在於北緯37度和北緯41度之間，以及西經102度3分和西經109度3分之間。

From the very beginning, Colorado was doomed to never be the shape of a true rectangle.

從一開始，科羅拉多就註定了永遠不會是真正的長方形的形狀。

Earth is obviously shaped like a sphere.

地球的形狀顯然是一個球體。

So while lines of latitude are, of course, all parallel with one another, lines of longitude all moved to converge at a single point, the further you move away from the equator.

所以，緯度線當然都是相互平行的，而經度線都是移動到一個點上匯合，離赤道越遠越好。

Therefore, from the get go, Colorado's northern border was going toe always be shorter than its southern border, and in fact, it's 21 miles shorter, to be exact.

是以，從一開始，科羅拉多州的北部邊界就會比南部邊界短，事實上，確切地說，它比南部邊界短21英里。

Colorado, therefore entered into life as more of a trapezoid, but it goes much further than that.

是以，科羅拉多州，進入生活後更像是一個梯形，但它遠不止於此。

When the state was created in 18 76 surveyors had to be hired to accurately map out all of Colorado's borders.

18年建州時，為了準確地繪製出科羅拉多州的所有邊界，必須聘請76名測量師。

Using the technology of the time on foot, they followed the lines of latitude and longitude that set the borders across hundreds of miles through mountainous terrain the best they could while marking it all out with mile posts.

他們利用當時的技術徒步行走，沿著經緯線，在山地中盡最大可能地劃定了數百里的邊界，同時用里程柱標明瞭一切。

But they weren't perfect.

但他們並不完美。

Take the boundary between Colorado and Utah as a prime example.

以科羅拉多州和猶他州之間的邊界為例。

It runs from south to north for 276 miles, and when the original surveyors reached the North End with Wyoming, they noticed that they ended up one mile west of where they expected to be at.

它從南到北長達276英里，當最初的測量者到達北端與懷俄明州時，他們注意到，他們最終在他們預期的地方以西一英里。

This meant that there were at least a few kinks in the border where they had strayed off course.

這意味著，在邊界上至少有一些糾結，他們已經偏離了方向。

Because, as it turns out, walking in a perfectly straight line across 276 miles through the mountains in the 19th century was pretty difficult.

因為，事實證明，在19世紀，在276英里的山路上走一條完美的直線是相當困難的。

In fact, there are little errors and kinks like this all around supposedly square shape of Colorado.

其實，在科羅拉多州所謂的方塊形狀周圍，都有這樣的小錯誤和糾結。

And because of all these errors, Colorado doesn't have four sides but 697 sides to be exact, making the true shape of Colorado a heck Sahakian neocon takai captagon.

而因為這些錯誤，科羅拉多州並沒有四條邊，準確的說是697條邊，使得科羅拉多州的真實形狀是一個赫赫有名的薩哈克新派塔凱岬角。

The interesting thing is that once a border is defined on the ground and accepted by all interested parties, that's what becomes the official border, even if it doesn't exactly match the previously written description.

有趣的是，一旦在當地確定了邊界，並被所有相關方接受，那就是成為正式的邊界，即使它與之前的書面描述不完全一致。

And so Colorado's border irregularities have remained right up until the present day, but it's far from the only state was such a strange border history.

所以科羅拉多州的邊境不規範一直保持到現在，但它遠不是唯一一個州是這樣一個奇怪的邊境歷史。

Let's go visit New York and New Jersey next and specifically these islands in the Upper Bay, Liberty Island and Ellis Island, despite the New York New Jersey border running directly through the center of the Hudson in the upper bay.

接下來讓我們去參觀紐約和紐澤西，特別是上海灣的這些島嶼，自由島和埃利斯島，儘管紐約紐澤西的邊界直接穿過上海灣的哈德遜河中心。

These two islands on the New Jersey side belonged to New York.

紐澤西一側的這兩個島嶼屬於紐約。

Well, Liberty Island in its entirety does.

好吧，自由島的整體情況確實如此。

But only a small part of Ellis Island belongs to New York, while the rest of the island belongs to New Jersey, making the New York chunk on awkward State Enclave.

但埃利斯島只有一小部分屬於紐約，而島的其他部分屬於新澤西州，這就使得紐約塊上尷尬的州飛地。

So why is that the case?

那麼，為什麼會出現這種情況呢？

Like all weird US state borders, it goes back to the Colonial era.

像所有奇怪的美國州界一樣，它可以追溯到殖民時代。

Back then, the border between the two states was pretty undefined, and they argued about where, exactly, it waas.

那時候，兩個州之間的邊界還很不明確，他們對邊界的具體位置爭論不休。

Eventually, they came to a compromise in 18 34 confirmed by the U.

最終，他們在18 34年達成了一個折衷方案，得到了美國的確認。

S Supreme Court that set the border right down the middle of the Hudson and the upper bay.

S最高法院，將邊界設置在哈德遜河和上海灣的中間。

But it gave the islands to New York for some reason.

但不知為什麼，它把這些島嶼交給了紐約。

New Jersey pro tested this decision for decades.

新澤西州的專業人士幾十年來一直在測試這個決定。

All the while, they had toe watch New York, expanding the size of Ellis Island with land reclamation inside of their own territorial waters.

同時，他們不得不注視紐約，在自己的領海內填海造地，擴大埃利斯島的面積。

Finally, though, in 1997 they had a new idea.

不過，終於在1997年，他們有了新的想法。

The state of New Jersey sue New York, claiming that all the land the state had reclaimed around Ellis Island belonged, in fact, to New Jersey, since they dredged up the land in territorial waters that have been expressly granted to New Jersey under the 18 34 compact.

新澤西州起訴紐約，聲稱該州在埃利斯島周圍開墾的所有土地事實上都屬於新澤西州，因為他們在領水中挖出了土地，而領水已根據18 34契約明確授予新澤西州。

New York, of course, disagreed and claimed a common sense clause, which argued Ellis Island was granted to New York in whatever shape and size it was transformed into in the future.

紐約當然不同意，並主張一個常識性條款，認為埃利斯島無論將來變成什麼形狀和大小，都是授予紐約的。

The case went all the way up to the Supreme Court, and the court ended up siding with New Jersey, which created the awkward situation where all the land of the original Ellis Island still belongs to New York.

此案一直到最高法院，法院最終站在了新澤西州的一邊，這就造成了原來埃利斯島的土地都還屬於紐約的尷尬局面。

But all the rest of the new land created around it after 18 34 belongs to New Jersey.

但1834年後在它周圍開闢的所有其他新土地都屬於紐澤西。

But this is far from the only strange border situation on the U.

但這遠不是美國唯一奇怪的邊境情況。

S East coast.

東海岸南部。

There's also whatever the hell is going on here in the Mid Atlantic with Maryland, Delaware and Virginia, which is probably the worst border Gore seen anywhere inside of the U.

還有就是不管中大西洋這裡的馬里蘭、特拉華和弗吉尼亞，這可能是戈爾在美國境內任何地方看到的最糟糕的邊界。

S.

S.

Basically, it's once again the fault of all the colonists.

基本上，這又是所有殖民者的錯。

But to be fair, they didn't really know what they were doing.

但公平地說，他們並不知道自己在做什麼。

Let's start off with Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware, basically, Maryland was granted a charter.

先說說馬里蘭州、賓夕法尼亞州和特拉華州，基本上，馬里蘭州被授予了特許權。

First they gave them this land.

首先他們給了他們這片土地。

Then Pennsylvania was granted a charter later that gave them this land.

後來賓夕法尼亞州被授予特許狀，給了他們這片土地。

And then King Charles.

然後是查爾斯國王。

The second gave Pennsylvania another piece of land that vaguely looked like this, which eventually became Delaware.

第二個給了賓夕法尼亞州另一塊土地，隱隱約約就像這樣，最終成為特拉華州。

Now, obviously, all of this land pretty much overlap with each other in a lot of areas.

現在，很明顯，這些土地在很多地方都是相互重疊的。

So Maryland and Pennsylvania got pretty heated about what belonged to whom and almost even came toe war in 17 30 when both colonies called up their militaries over the disagreements.

所以馬里蘭和賓夕法尼亞在什麼人屬於什麼人的問題上鬧得很厲害，甚至在1730年，當兩個殖民地因為分歧而召集軍隊時，差點就開戰了。

Finally, though, they decided to settle this issue by hiring a couple of surveyors, and the line that survey came up with was the Mason Dixon line.

不過最後，他們決定請幾個測量師來解決這個問題，而測量出來的線就是梅森-迪克森線。

Unfortunately, the line they drew wasn't exactly perfect, and they were pretty much geometrically doomed from the start because of Delaware.

可惜的是，他們畫的線並不完全完美，因為特拉華的原因，他們從一開始就註定了幾何的命運。

Stupid border in the North, which is a circle.

北方愚蠢的邊界，這是一個圓。

You see, Delaware's border in the north was defined as being part of a 12 mile circle radiating out from a courthouse and Newcastle.

你看，特拉華州北部的邊界被定義為從法院和紐卡斯爾輻射出去的12英里圓的一部分。

So when the surveyors were drawing out the line between Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware, they had to run it from the south up on a tangent line like this and then, from this point, to meet the agreed upon border between the states in the North.

所以，當測量人員在劃定馬里蘭、賓夕法尼亞和特拉華三州之間的界線時，他們必須從南邊沿著這樣的切線向上，然後，從這一點出發，與北方各州之間約定的邊界相接。

This ended up leaving this wedge shaped no man's zone right here that theoretically didn't belong to any state.

這最後留下的這個楔形無人區就在這裡，理論上不屬於任何國家。

But Pennsylvania and Delaware both claimed it as their own in 1921.

但賓夕法尼亞州和特拉華州都在1921年宣稱它是自己的。

It was decided that the geometric shape would be more stupid if it belonged to Pennsylvania, so it was decided once and for all that had rightfully belonged to Delaware.

如果幾何形狀屬於賓夕法尼亞州，那就更愚蠢了，所以一勞永逸地決定，已經理所當然地屬於特拉華州。

But that's not the only strange part about Delaware's borders.

但這並不是特拉華州邊界唯一奇怪的地方。

Delaware was defined as being west of the Delaware River, so the border between itself in New Jersey run straight through the middle of the river.

特拉華州被定義為特拉華河以西，所以自己在新澤西州的邊界直通河中。

Except for the part where the 12 mile circle exists here, the Delaware border instead extends all the way to the bank of the river or, to be more specific, what the bank constituted in the late 16 hundreds.

除了這裡存在的12英里圈的部分，特拉華州的邊界反而一直延伸到河岸，或者更具體地說，河岸在16世紀末構成的樣子。

Therefore, in a twist of fate, the same argument that New Jersey used to claim most of Ellis Island from New York has been used by Delaware to claim some land in the Delaware River from them.

是以，在命運的轉折中，新澤西州用來向紐約索要埃利斯島大部分土地的論點，也被特拉華州用來向他們索要特拉華河的一些土地。

Specifically, these two segments of land, which have been dredged up by New Jersey since the 17th century.

具體來說，這兩段土地，從17世紀開始就被新澤西州疏通了。

But since they exist within Delaware's 12 Mile Land grant in the river that extends to the bank, they legally belong to Delaware.

但由於它們存在於特拉華州的12英里土地授權範圍內，在延伸到岸邊的河流中，它們在法律上屬於特拉華州。

The Mason Dixon line also generated a weird situation in Maryland right here in the town of Hancock, which is sandwiched in just a two mile wide zone between West Virginia and the South and Pennsylvania in the North, despite Maryland stretching 70 miles further to the west.

梅森-迪克森線在馬里蘭州也產生了一個奇怪的情況，就在漢考克鎮，儘管馬里蘭州再往西延伸70英里，但漢考克鎮僅夾在西弗吉尼亞州和南部、北部賓夕法尼亞州之間的兩英里寬的地帶。

Now for a similar situation, let's hop on over to the best friends Michigan and Ohio.

現在類似的情況，讓我們跳到好友密歇根和俄亥俄。

Everybody knows that Michigan has this big upper peninsula that's disconnected from the rest of the state, but few people know that Michigan actually has to disconnected peninsulas.

大家都知道密歇根州有一個大的上半島，與州內其他地方是不相連的，但很少有人知道，密歇根州其實也有不相連的半島。

The other one is a lot smaller, but it's down right here, just above Ohio and Michigan ended up gaining both of these enclaves because of Ohio.

另一個小了很多，但它就在這裡，就在俄亥俄州上面，而密歇根州因為俄亥俄州的原因，最終獲得了這兩塊飛地。

Back in the early 19th century, when Ohio is getting admitted as a state, their northern border was defined as being a straight line that would stretch from the bottom of Lake Michigan over the lake, eerie like with all of these other situations, though, the geographic knowledge of the area at the time was very poor, and it ended up being discovered later that Lake Michigan stretch further south than what was previously believed.

早在19世紀初，當俄亥俄州要被接納為一個州的時候，他們的北部邊界被定義為一條直線，會從密歇根湖的底部延伸到湖面上，詭異的就像其他這些情況一樣，不過，當時該地區的地理知識非常貧乏，結果後來發現密歇根湖比之前認為的還要往南延伸。

This meant that Ohio's border would stretch further south than they thought, which would critically leave the city of Toledo inside of Michigan.

這意味著俄亥俄州的邊界將比他們想象的更南延伸，這將關鍵性地把托萊多市留在密歇根州內。

Well, Ohio wouldn't stand for that, so they instead insisted on a revised diagonal border from the bottom of Lake Michigan over to Lake Erie.

俄亥俄州不同意這樣做，所以他們堅持修改從密歇根湖底到伊利湖的對角線邊界。

That would leave Toledo within Ohio.

這將使托萊多在俄亥俄州內。

But Michigan pressed their claims on the previously decided border, and a strip of contested land emerged between both of them, called the Toledo Strip.

但密歇根州在先前決定的邊界上按兵不動，他們雙方之間出現了一塊有爭議的土地，稱為托萊多地帶。

Michigan and Ohio both called up their local militias.

密歇根州和俄亥俄州都召集了當地的民兵。

A few shots were fired where one soldier was injured until the federal government intervened and gave the strip to Ohio.

在那裡開了幾槍，一名阿兵哥受傷，直到聯邦政府介入，把條子給了俄亥俄州。

In exchange, Michigan was granted the upper peninsula in compensation and was granted statehood further.

作為交換，密歇根州獲得了上半島的補償，並被進一步授予州地位。

This line, from the north end of the Toledo Strip, cuts across this little peninsula in the south, leaving Michigan with two stranded and separated peninsulas of slightly different sizes.

這條線，從托萊多地帶的北端開始，橫穿了南邊的這個小半島，讓密歇根州有了兩個擱淺的、面積稍有不同的分離的半島。

Now there's a lot more I have to say about strange internal US borders and politics, But this video is already getting pretty long in the YouTube algorithm.

現在，關於奇怪的美國內部邊界和政治，我還有很多話要說，但這個視頻在YouTube算法中已經變得很長了。

Doesn't really ever favor that very much, which is why I already put my extended cut of this video on Nebula.

並沒有真正的青睞過，這就是為什麼我已經把我的這個視頻的加長版放在星雲上。

My creator, friends and I teamed up to build our own platform where we don't have to worry about getting de monetized or buried by an algorithm that doesn't support us.

我的創客、朋友和我聯手打造了自己的平臺，在這個平臺上，我們不用擔心被de貨幣化，也不用擔心被不支持我們的算法埋沒。

It's called Nebula, and it's a place where we house all of our content, ad free and where we can experiment with new content that probably wouldn't work out on YouTube.

它叫星雲，是我們存放所有內容的地方，沒有廣告，我們可以在這裡試驗新的內容，這些內容在YouTube上可能不會成功。

The version that I put up on Nebula removes this entire ad and replaces it with an extended talk on Mawr.

我放在星雲上的版本刪除了這整個廣告，取而代之的是關於毛爾的延伸談話。

Strange US Borders Further Nebula is also the exclusive home for my own brand new documentary, Siri's Ghost Towns, the first episode of which is live right now, where I'll take you on a 35 minute tour of one of America's largest and most interesting abandoned communities that involves America's most polluted lake million's of fish skeletons and hundreds of abandoned homes and buildings, all in the middle of California.

陌生的美國邊境 更遠的星雲也是我自己的全新紀錄片《Siri的鬼鎮》的獨家主場，第一集現在就上線了，我將帶你參觀35分鐘的美國最大最有趣的廢棄社區之一，其中包括美國汙染最嚴重的湖泊，百萬的魚骨架和數以百計的廢棄房屋和建築，所有這些都在加利福尼亞的中部。

New episodes will be releasing exclusively on Nebula next year, with even more ghost towns.

明年新劇集將在星雲網獨家發佈，更多鬼城。

And this is just one of many pieces of exclusive content that you can get on there with much more from channels like Riel Engineering, Wendover Productions, Lindsay Ellis, Tom Scott and many more.

而這只是眾多獨家內容之一，你可以在那裡獲得更多來自Riel Engineering、Wendover Productions、Lindsay Ellis、Tom Scott等管道的內容。

Best of although we've partnered up with curiosity stream so that when you sign up for them by following the link in the description, you'll also get a subscription to Nebula for free, which is free for as long as your curiosity stream member.

最好的雖然我們已經與好奇心流合作，所以當你按照描述中的鏈接為他們註冊時，你還會免費訂閱星雲，只要你的好奇心流會員就免費。

And for a limited time during the holiday season, Curiosity Stream is offering an entire year subscription for less than $12 which is honestly just completely insane.

而在假期的有限時間內，好奇心流以不到12美元的價格提供一整年的訂閱，說實話，這完全是瘋了。

When you follow the link in the description or go to curiosity stream dot com slash riel Life floor.

當你按照描述中的鏈接或者去好奇心流點點網斜紋生活樓。

You can get both curiosity stream with thousands of professional documentaries and nebula with all of your favorite educational YouTubers exclusive and add free content for less than $1 a month.

你可以同時獲得好奇心流與上千部專業紀錄片和星雲與所有你最喜歡的教育YouTubers獨家，並添加免費內容，每月不到1美元。