yet they often struggle to achieve economic equality

然而，他們往往難以實現經濟平等

or even the same level of political freedom as men.

甚至是與男人同等的政治自由。

And despite some progress over the last few decades towards female empowerment,

儘管過去幾十年來在增強婦女權能方面取得了一些進展，但。

the coronavirus pandemic has undone some of this progress.

冠狀病毒大流行使這一進展化為烏有。

So why are women struggling more than men?

那麼，為什麼女人比男人更辛苦呢？

The gender gap describes the differences that men and women face in their daily lives,

性別差距描述了男女在日常生活中所面臨的差異。

from finding a job and salary prospects to their intellectual and political prospects.

從找工作和工資前景到他們的思想和政治前景。

In 2020, the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index,

2020年，世界經濟論壇的全球性別差距指數。

which measures differences in health, education, economics and politics between men and women,

衡量男女之間在健康、教育、經濟和政治方面的差異；

showed that while no country has achieved full gender parity,

顯示，雖然沒有一個國家實現了完全的兩性均等，但。

the top 3 countries: Iceland, Norway and Finland, have narrowed the divide.

前3名的國家。冰島、挪威和芬蘭，已經縮小了差距。

But the index also showed that countries such as Jordan, Turkey, Japan and Hungary

但該指數也顯示，約旦、土耳其、日本和匈牙利等國

have more work to do to ensure both genders have similar opportunities.

為確保男女雙方有同樣的機會，還有更多的工作要做；

And whilst there has been a clear narrowing of the divide in health and education,

雖然在衛生和教育方面的差距已經明顯縮小。

this index shows that women's participation in politics and the economy still falls short.

該指數表明，婦女在政治和經濟領域的參與度仍然不足。

Globally, women make 77 cents for every dollar that men earn for work of equal value.

在全球範圍內，婦女從事同等價值的工作，每賺取1美元，就能賺取77美分。

And the coronavirus pandemic is making life even more difficult for women.

而冠狀病毒的流行讓女性的生活更加困難。

Although they make up just 39% of the global workforce, they represented 54% of the overall job losses as of May.

雖然他們只佔全球勞動力的39%，但截至5月，他們佔了整體就業損失的54%。

This contrasts with previous recessions which impacted male workers more severely.

這與以往的經濟衰退對男性工人的影響更為嚴重形成鮮明對比。

But traditionally male-dominated industries such as construction and manufacturing

但傳統上以男性為主的行業，如建築業和製造業。

have continued to operate closer to their pre-pandemic levels

繼續保持在接近流行前的水準。

while sectors which have a greater representation of women,

而婦女人數較多的部門：

such as hospitality and retail, have been hardest hit by the pandemic.

如酒店業和零售業，是受疫情影響最大的行業。

In the U.S., women make up 52% of the hospitality workforce,

在美國，女性佔酒店業勞動力的52%。

but accounted for 54% of job losses in the sector in April 2020.

但在2020年4月，佔該行業失業人數的54%。

And despite accounting for only 48% of the retail workforce in the U.S.,

而儘管只佔美國零售業勞動力的48%。

women made up 61% of job losses. Even in the education and health services sector,

婦女佔失業人數的61%。即使在教育和衛生服務部門也是如此。

where women form the majority of employees, they accounted for 83% of job losses in the same period.

在婦女佔僱員大多數的地方，她們佔同期失業人數的83%；

At the same time, stay-at-home orders in many countries have meant that children were unable to go to school as usual.

同時，許多國家的家庭令意味著兒童無法像往常一樣上學。

This has increased the burden on women, who have had to juggle increased

這增加了婦女的負擔，她們不得不忙裡偷閒。

childcare responsibilities with their professional lives.

照顧孩子的責任與他們的職業生活。

For women who are self-employed or working informally, such as domestic workers or street vendors,

對於自營職業或非正式工作的婦女，如家庭傭工或街頭小販；

the challenges posed by the coronavirus shock are even greater because of the precariousness of their jobs.

由於他們的工作不穩定，冠狀病毒衝擊帶來的挑戰更大。

They are also more likely to find it difficult to access credit in order to rebuild their careers.

他們也更有可能發現難以獲得信貸以重建自己的事業。

Even women who have kept their jobs have faced reduced prospects of promotion.

即使是保住了工作的婦女，也面臨著升遷的機會減少。

One study has shown that 34% of men working remotely with kids at home were promoted,

有研究表明，在家帶孩子的遠程工作的男性有34%得到了晉升。

compared to only 9% of the women in the same situation.

而在同樣情況下，只有9%的婦女。

Reduced gender equality could worsen the economic damage occurring across the globe.

兩性平等程度的降低可能會加劇全球範圍內發生的經濟損失。

Without action, the Covid-19 induced gender gap could shave off a trillion dollars from global growth in 2030.

如果不採取行動，Covid-19引起的性別差距可能會在2030年使全球增長減少一萬億美元。

This is because increased female participation in the labor force boosts productivity and increases wages for all workers.

這是因為女性更多地加入勞動力隊伍，可以提高生產力，增加所有工人的工資。

A larger workforce also increases government tax revenues,

龐大的勞動力也會增加政府的稅收。

which can then be invested back in infrastructure and medical care.

然後，這些資金可以重新投資於基礎設施和醫療服務。

Allowing women the flexibility to choose their careers

允許婦女靈活選擇自己的職業；

isn't just preferable for those who gain the freedom to follow their interests,

不僅僅是對那些獲得追隨自己興趣的自由的人來說是可取的。

but it's also beneficial for the wider economy as their skills can be deployed in appropriate jobs.

但這也有利於更廣泛的經濟，因為他們的技能可以在適當的工作崗位上得到運用。

That's why institutions like the International Monetary Fund

這就是為什麼像國際貨幣基金組織這樣的機構。

have called on governments to step up their support for female workers.

呼籲各國政府加強對女工的支持。

These measures could include passing more favorable parental leave laws for both genders,

這些措施可以包括通過更有利於男女兩性的育兒假法律。

subsidising childcare costs, and improving access to education.

補貼兒童保育費用，並改善受教育機會；

The benefits of narrowing the gender gap reach everybody, not just women.

縮小性別差距的好處惠及所有人，而不僅僅是婦女。

Gender diverse companies are more likely to outperform their peers

性別多元化的公司更有可能超越同行的業績

and more equal societies gain from higher economic and social development.

和更平等的社會從更高的經濟和社會發展中獲益。

In times of economic uncertainty, these advantages may be more valuable than ever.

在經濟不確定的時期，這些優勢可能比以往更有價值。

Hi everyone. Thank you so much for watching.

嗨，大家好。非常感謝大家的觀看。

If there are any topics you would like us to cover in 2021, let us know in the comments section,

如果你有什麼話題希望我們在2021年報道，請在評論區告訴我們。

and don't forget to subscribe. I will see you soon.

不要忘了訂閱。我們很快會再見面的。