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  • Leslie: Hello. My name is Leslie Forestat, Extension Specialist with the University of

    萊斯利:你好。我的名字是萊斯利Forestat, 擴展專家與大學的。

  • Maine cooperative extension. Today we're going to talk about how children learn and how you

    緬因州合作推廣。今天,我們'要談談孩子們如何學習,你如何

  • as a caregiver can create the best learning environment for your child.

    作為照顧者可以為孩子創造最好的學習環境。

  • Children are born learning and what they hear, see, and experience from birth has affects

    孩子天生愛學習,從出生開始聽到的、看到的、體驗到的都會影響到

  • for their lifetime. Even before they are able to speak, they're interactions with people

    為他們的一生。甚至在他們能夠說話之前,他們'與人的互動。

  • have an affect on their brains. Positive experiences help form connections in their brains and

    對他們的大腦產生影響。積極的經驗有助於在他們的大腦中形成連接,並在他們的大腦中形成積極的經驗。

  • negative experiences do too. The positive experiences build the connections for trust

    負面的經驗也是如此。積極的經驗建立了信任的聯繫

  • and happiness and an understanding that an adult is there to help in times of stress.

    和幸福,並理解在壓力時有成人幫助。

  • What you can do to promote learning. Develop a warm, caring relationship with your child.

    你能做什麼來促進學習。與孩子建立溫暖、關愛的關係。

  • Show them that your care deeply about them. Express joy in who they are. Help them to

    向他們展示你對他們的深切關懷。對他們的身份表示喜悅。幫助他們

  • feel safe and secure.

    感到安全和保障。

  • Serve and return. Like a tennis match, how you respond to a child's cues and clues makes

    發球和回球。就像一場網球比賽一樣,你如何迴應孩子的提示和線索,使得

  • a world of difference in their learning. Notice their rhythms and moods even in the first

    在他們的學習中有著天壤之別。注意到他們的節奏和情緒,即使是在第一個

  • days and weeks of life. Respond to children when they are upset as well as when they are

    日和周的生活。當孩子們不高興的時候,以及當孩子們

  • happy. Try to understand what children are feeling, what they are telling you in words

    幸福。試著去理解孩子們的感受,他們用語言告訴你的東西

  • or actions and what they are trying to do.

    或行動,以及他們想要做什麼。

  • Play with them in a way that lets you follow their lead. Move in when children want to

    與他們一起玩耍,讓你跟隨他們的步伐。當孩子們想玩的時候,你就進入他們的生活。

  • play and pull back when they seem to have had enough stimulation. Talk, read, and sing

    玩耍,當他們似乎已經受到足夠的刺激時,再拉回來。說話、讀書、唱歌

  • to children. Surround them with language. Maintain an ongoing conversation with them

    給孩子們。用語言包圍他們。與他們保持持續的對話

  • about what you and they are doing. With stories, ask them to guess what will come next in the

    關於你和他們正在做的事情。通過故事,讓他們猜測接下來會發生什麼。

  • story. Play word games. Ask toddlers and preschoolers questions that require more than a yes or

    故事。玩文字遊戲。向幼兒和學齡前兒童提出需要多於 "是 "或 "否 "的問題。

  • no answer like, "What do you think? What do you think will happen next?"

    沒有回答像,"你覺得呢?你覺得接下來會發生什麼?&quot。

  • Ask children to picture things that have happened in the past or might happen in the future.

    請孩子們想象過去發生過的或將來可能發生的事情。

  • Provide reading and writing materials including crayons and paper, books and magazines. These

    提供包括蠟筆和紙張、書籍和雜誌在內的閱讀和書寫材料。這些

  • are key pre-reading experiences.

    是閱讀前的重要經驗。

  • Encourage safe exploration and play. Give children opportunities to move around, explore,

    鼓勵安全探索和遊戲。給孩子提供活動、探索的機會。

  • and play and be prepared to step in if they are at risk of hurting themselves or others.

    和玩耍,如果他們有傷害自己或他人的風險,要做好出手的準備。

  • Help them to explore relationships as well. Arrange for children to spend time with other

    幫助他們也探索關係。安排孩子與其他孩子相處

  • children to support their learning and to solve the conflicts that inevitably arise.

    支持孩子們的學習,並解決不可避免地出現的衝突。

  • Watch for them to resolve the conflict first before stepping in. If a child is going to

    看著他們先解決矛盾再介入。如果孩子要

  • be hurt, feel free to step in.

    受傷了,隨時可以插手。

  • Use discipline to teach. Discipline is teaching. Talk to children about what they are feeling

    用紀律來教學。紀律就是教學。和孩子們談談他們的感受

  • and teach them words to describe those feelings. If your child has misbehaved, make it clear

    並教給他們描述這些感受的詞語。如果你的孩子行為不端,要讓他清楚地知道

  • that while you might not like the way they are behaving you love them. Explain the rules

    雖然你可能不喜歡他們的行為方式,但你愛他們。解釋一下規則

  • and consequences of behavior so children can learn the whys behind what you are asking

    和行為的後果,讓孩子們瞭解你所要求的背後的原因。

  • them to do. Tell them what you want them to do, not just what you don't want them to do.

    他們做。告訴他們你想讓他們做什麼,而不僅僅是你不想讓他們做什麼。

  • Establish routines. Children thrive on routines. Create routines and rituals for events during

    建立常規。孩子們在例行公事中茁壯成長。為以下事件建立常規和儀式

  • the day like mealtime, naptime, and bedtime. Try to be predictable so the child knows what

    一天中的吃飯時間、午睡時間和睡覺時間等。儘量做到可預測性,讓孩子知道什麼是

  • to expect and that they can count on you.

    期待,他們可以信賴你。

  • Develop a relationship with your child's providers in childcare and preschool. Keep in close

    與您孩子的託兒所和學前班服務提供者建立關係。保持密切

  • touch with your children's childcare providers or your teachers. These caring relationships

    與您孩子的託兒所或老師聯繫。這些關懷關係

  • that they form outside of your home are among the most important relationships that they

    他們在你的家庭之外形成的最重要的關係,他們

  • have.

    有:

  • Finally, take care of yourself. You can best care for young children when you are cared

    最後,要照顧好自己。當你被照顧時,你可以最好地照顧幼兒。

  • for as well. Learn to cope with your stressors so that you can help your child learn to manage

    為也。學會應對自己的壓力源,這樣才能幫助孩子學會管理。

  • hers too. Take time for walks and take breathing breaks in Maine's beautiful outdoors. Your

    她的太。花時間在緬因州美麗的戶外散步和休息。您的

  • child's wellbeing depends on your health and wellbeing.

    孩子的健康取決於你的健康和福祉。

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