violently.

猛地。

The Romans loved conquering other people. In fact, it kept the whole empire going – conquering

羅馬人喜歡征服別人。事實上，它使整個帝國得以延續--征服。

their neighbours gave Roman leaders a chance to steal booty, capture slaves, grab natural

他們的鄰居給了羅馬領導人一個機會去偷竊戰利品，抓捕奴隸，搶奪自然界的資源。

resources like lead and tin, and generally look good in front of their mates and rivals.

鉛和錫等資源，一般在夥伴和對手面前都會顯得很好。

In AD 43 the new Roman Emperor, Claudius, was in search of a scrap to cement his status,

公元43年，新任羅馬皇帝克勞狄斯為了鞏固自己的地位，正在尋找廢品。

and so he plotted his invasion of Britain – an island the Romans had been eyeing up

於是他策劃了他對不列顛的入侵--一個羅馬人一直在覬覦的島嶼

for some time. He sent 40,000 soldiers over the Channel and they quickly defeated the

了一段時間。他派了四萬阿兵哥越過英吉利海峽，他們很快就打敗了。

tribes in the south east. Once it was safe, the emperor popped across to Britain to soak

東南部的部落。一旦它是安全的，皇帝彈出對面的英國，以浸透

up the praise and show off his elephants.

漲讚美，炫耀他的大象。

Some tribal leaders gave in to the empire rather than try to fight it, but not everyone

一些部落首領向帝國屈服，而不是試圖與之抗衡，但並非所有人都是如此。

was happy. The Druids helped to organise the resistance against the Romans, and queen Boudicca

是幸福的。德魯伊人幫助組織了對羅馬人的抵抗，而布迪卡王后...

led a huge revolt in AD 60.

在公元60年上司了一場巨大的叛亂。

But the Romans didn't mess about.

但羅馬人並沒有亂來。

They beat Boudicca in battle, destroyed the druids – and brought the bulk of Britain

他們在戰鬥中擊敗了布迪卡，摧毀了德魯伊--並將不列顛的大部分地區帶到了這裡。

under their control.

在他們的控制下。

But Roman soldiers were more than just fearsome fighters – they were brilliant builders.

但羅馬阿兵哥不僅僅是可怕的戰士，他們還是傑出的建設者。

Forts were their speciality, and they built hundreds of them across the province.

堡壘是他們的特長，他們在全省各地修建了數百座堡壘。

The Romans also loved their roads. They built over 8,000 miles of them in the first century

羅馬人也喜歡他們的道路。他們在第一世紀修建了超過8000英里的道路。

AD alone, and many of our roads today still follow old Roman routes.

僅僅是公元，我們今天的許多道路仍然沿用羅馬古道。

But the biggest, baddest structure in Roman Britain was Hadrian's Wall. It was a whopping

但羅馬英國最大、最壞的建築是哈德良長城。它是一個巨大的

73 miles long, and in places it was up to six metres high and three metres thick. No

長73裡，有的地方高達六米，厚達三米。不

wonder it took 15,000 men about six years to build!

怪不得一萬五千人花了六年時間才建成!

The Romans founded some terrific towns too, like London, York, Bath and Chester.

羅馬人也建立了一些了不起的城鎮，比如倫敦、約克、巴斯和切斯特。

On a trip into town you could shop on the high street, worship gods at the temples,

進城旅遊，你可以在高街購物，在寺廟拜神。

grab a burger from a takeaway, have a kip in a hotel, and go for a wash and a gossip

搶個外賣漢堡，去酒店吃頓飯，洗個澡聊個天

at the heated public baths. A lot like towns today in fact – although unlike today, you

在溫水公共浴場。其實很像今天的城鎮--儘管不像今天，你

could also go to the amphitheatre to watch executions and animals being hunted!

還可以去圓形劇場觀看死刑和獵殺動物!

The Romans brought new types of food to Britain, like apples, pears, plums, cucumbers and walnuts.

羅馬人給英國帶來了新的食物種類，比如蘋果、梨、李子、黃瓜和核桃。

They brought a new language – Latin. They brought new ways of farming, new medicines

他們帶來了一種新的語言--拉丁語。他們帶來了新的耕作方式，新的藥物。

and new types of pottery.

和新型陶器。

Life for the rich had never been better. Wealthy Roman Britons built grand houses in towns

富人的生活從來沒有這麼好過。富裕的羅馬英國人在城鎮裡建起了宏偉的房子。

and Roman-style villas in the countryside, full of mosaic floors, fine wines and formal

和羅馬風格的鄉村別墅，充滿了馬賽克地板、美酒和正式的

gardens. They even had underfloor heating!

花園。他們甚至有地暖！

For most people in Roman Britain though, life didn't change too much. They were still

不過對於羅馬不列顛的大多數人來說，生活並沒有太大的變化。他們仍然是

mostly farmers, and they still had to pay their landlords for the privilege of doing

大部分是農民，他們還得向地主交錢，以換取他們的特權。

all of the hard work.

所有的辛勤工作。

When the Roman Army left Britain in 410 AD, many aspects of Roman life crumbled for everyone,

當羅馬軍隊在公元410年離開英國時，羅馬人生活的許多方面對大家來說都崩潰了。

rich and poor. Towns and forts were abandoned, roads fell into disrepair, and large scale

貧富不均。城鎮和堡壘被廢棄，道路破損，大規模的。

industry collapsed without an economy to sustain it.

工業在沒有經濟支撐的情況下崩潰了。

People adapted to the new reality, new leaders emerged and farmers kept on farming - but

人們適應了新的現實，出現了新的領導人，農民也在不斷地耕種--但

after nearly 400 years, Roman Britain was in ruins.

經過近400年的時間，羅馬英國已經成為一片廢墟。