We take it for granted but being upright is quite a skill.

我們認為這是理所當然的，但直立是一種相當的技能。

Take a normal four-legged chair - simple, stable,

拿一張普通的四腳椅--簡單、穩定。

or even a three-legged stool. But try a two-legged seat...

甚至是三條腿的凳子。但是，嘗試一個兩條腿的座位... ...

Human babies spend around 2,000 hours in their first year

人類嬰兒在第一年的時間約為2000小時。

developing the coordination and strength to stand.

發展協調性和站立的力量；

It's the same amount of time

同樣的時間

an Olympic athlete puts into a year's training.

奧運會運動員投入一年的訓練。

Standing up is a major achievement, not only in our lives

站起來是一個重大的成就，不僅在我們的生活中

but also in human evolution.

但在人類的進化中也是如此。

Why did we do this? We'll probably never know for sure

我們為什麼要這麼做？我們可能永遠不會知道

but there's no shortage of theories.

但也不乏理論。

Hunters needing to take food home from the site of a kill

獵人需要把食物從殺戮現場帶回家。

or conserve energy to outrun other animals.

或節省能量以超越其他動物。

Perhaps it was to carry and protect babies or was it for sexual display?

也許是為了攜帶和保護嬰兒，還是為了性愛展示？

Some say it was our environment, as forests died back

有人說是我們的環境問題，因為森林又死掉了

it became easier to find food by walking than by climbing.

走路比爬山更容易找到食物。

And the higher your head, the further you can see.

而你的頭越高，你能看到的越遠。

Plus being upright means less of your body

另外，直立意味著你的身體更少。

exposed to the midday African sun.

暴露在非洲正午的陽光下。

So maybe we stood up just to stay cool.

所以也許我們站起來只是為了保持冷靜。

There is agreement on one thing, standing freed our hands

有一點是一致的，站著就能解放我們的雙手。

to become immensely sensitive and versatile tools

成為無比靈敏的多功能工具。

and with that came a big increase in brain capacity.

而隨之而來的是腦容量的大增。

So from many points of view, standing is clearly a very good idea,

所以從很多角度來看，站在這裡顯然是一個非常好的想法。

giving us a whole new level of control and power.

給予我們全新的控制力和權力。

However, out of the millions of species on this planet

然而，在這個星球上的數百萬物種中

being a permanent biped is incredibly rare.

作為一個永久的雙足是非常罕見的。

Some animals, baboons and bears, meerkats and chimpanzees

一些動物，狒狒和熊，狐獴和黑猩猩。

can occasionally pull off a two-legged trick but permanently?

偶爾能耍出兩條腿走路的把戲，但永久?

Something we share with only a very few creatures on Earth.

我們與地球上極少數生物共享的東西。

Like some obscure rodents,

比如一些不知名的齧齒類動物。

wallabies, ostriches and the giant pangolin.

沙袋鼠、鴕鳥和大鯪鯉。

Turns out this biped thing is quite tricky.

原來雙足這個東西是相當棘手的。

Think of robots -

想到機器人-

tech companies have invested massively to crack this problem

科技公司紛紛投入巨資破解這一難題

of how you get a robot standing up on two legs.

你如何讓機器人用兩條腿站起來的。

And the Daleks? They don't even try.

那Daleks呢？他們連試都不試。

So while they can destroy the universe,

所以雖然他們可以毀滅宇宙。

they can't chase the Doctor up a flight of stairs.

他們不能追著博士上樓梯。

We pay a high physical price for our standing -

我們為自己的地位付出了高昂的物質代價----。

chronic strain to our backs and our knees.

對我們的背部和膝蓋造成慢性勞損。

Truth is, standing may give us power

事實是，站在這裡可以給我們力量

but it comes with exposure and vulnerability

但也有暴露和脆弱的一面

and that's what opens it up to manipulation.

而這也是打開它的操縱。

Here's an example, man and woman standing, simple.

這裡舉個例子，男人和女人站著，很簡單。

But is it? Let's take a look at how they're standing.

但是是嗎？我們來看看他們是怎麼站的。

The man standing firm, planted on two legs,

人站穩了，兩腿一栽。

the woman, precariously balanced on just one.

的女人，岌岌可危，只靠一。

What does that tell us?

這說明了什麼？

In every culture you can find different ways that society

在每一種文化中，你都可以找到不同的方式，社會的

tries to teach us when to stand, when not to stand.

試圖教我們什麼時候該站，什麼時候不該站。

Politicians play on our hopes and fears

政治家玩弄我們的希望和恐懼

by telling us that we are broken or on our knees

告訴我們，我們已經崩潰了，或者說我們已經跪下了。

and that they and they alone

而他們，只有他們

have that magic that will make us stand tall and proud once more.

有那種魔力，能讓我們再次傲然挺立。

In fact we're so obsessed about standing

其實我們對站立是如此的痴迷

we talk about it all the time without even realising.

我們一直在談論它，甚至沒有意識到。

How we stand also speaks volumes about how we're feeling.

我們的站姿也能說明我們的心情。

So no wonder many public speakers

所以，難怪很多公眾演講者

like to hide their legs behind a podium

喜歡躲在講臺上

because how you're standing can reveal too much.

因為你的站姿會暴露太多。

If you see someone looping one leg behind the other

如果你看到有人把一條腿繞在另一條腿上

half balanced on that point

半斤八兩

you're going to wonder insecure, uncertain?

你會覺得不安全，不確定？

Or if you see someone with their hip jutted out

或者如果你看到有人臀部突出來了

you might read that as quite a sexual statement.

你可能會認為這是一個相當性的聲明。

Hands on hips? Is that reinforcing core strength and powerful

手放在臀部？是加強核心力量和強大的

or is it perhaps defensive?

還是可能是防禦性的？

Slouching, well, quite clearly you're not exactly on top of the situation.

懶洋洋的，好吧，很顯然你並沒有完全掌握局勢。

Changing the way you stand can actually change the way you feel

改變你的站姿其實可以改變你的感覺。

and how others feel about you.

以及別人對你的感覺。

But beware, if your stance doesn't look genuine

但你要小心，如果你的立場看起來不真誠

it may invite mockery.

可能會招致嘲笑。

Own the way you stand.

擁有自己的立場。

Standing is not only a state of body, it's a state of mind.

站立不僅是一種身體狀態，更是一種精神狀態。