>>Students should become familiar with the different parts of the hen.

>>學生應熟悉母雞的不同部位。

>>In particular, the comb, the eye ring, the ear lobe,

>>尤其是梳子、眼圈、耳垂。

the beak, the wattles, the shoulder, the breast, keel bone, hock,

喙、翼、肩、胸、龍骨、跗。

toes, shanks, abdomen, vent, pubic bones and tail.

腳趾、柄、腹部、發洩口、恥骨和尾巴。

>>Hens deposit yellow coloring or become bleached in certain areas

>>母雞在某些區域沉積黃色的顏色或變得漂白。

of their body including the vent, the eye ring, the ear lobe,

他們的身體，包括通風口、眼圈、耳垂。

the beak, the bottom of the foot, the entire shank and the hock

喙、足底、整柄、跗骨

and tops of toes.

和腳趾頂部。

Egg-Type Hen Selection Criteria

蛋型雞選擇標準

The most important selection criteria are pigmentation

最重要的選擇標準是色素

and handling qualities and abdominal capacity.

和操作素質和腹腔能力。

They are both considered of equal importance.

它們都被認為是同等重要的。

Next are plumage condition and molt;

其次是羽毛狀況和蛻皮。

constitutional vigor and vitality;

憲法的活力和生命力；

and head and head parts, in that order.

以及頭部和頭部的部分，依次類推。

>>As the hen ages and lays eggs, she packages zanthrophil,

>>隨著母雞年齡的增長和產蛋，她會將黃芪打包。

the yellow pigment, in the yolk of her eggs.

蛋黃中的黃色色素。

This pigment or color is taken from various parts of her body.

這種色素或顏色取自她身體的各個部位。

>>Pigmentation is a term used to describe the presence

>>色素沉著是一個用來描述存在於

or absence of yellow pigment in the skin,

或皮膚中沒有黃色色素。

shanks and feet of the egg-type hen.

蛋型母雞的柄和腳。

>>Leghorns or inbred crosses of leghorn type chickens

>>樂角雞或樂角型雞的近親交配。

normally exhibit yellow pigmentation on the skin

膚色發黃

and other parts of the body.

和身體的其他部位。

>>Students should learn how to accurately read pigment

>>學生應學會如何準確地閱讀顏料。

as it is a good indicator of the number of eggs

因為它能很好地反映出雞蛋的數量。

laid by each hen.

每隻母雞下的蛋。

Pigment fades from the hens body parts in a specific order.

顏料按照特定的順序從母雞的身體部位褪去。

First, pigment begins to fade from

首先，色素開始褪色，從

in that order.

按照這個順序。

>>First, we begin by demonstrating the proper way to remove

>>首先，我們先演示一下去除的正確方法。

the hen from the cage.

籠子裡的母雞。

These birds are especially flighty,

這些鳥兒特別會飛。

so be careful as you remove them from the cage.

所以當你把它們從籠子裡拿出來的時候要小心。

A hand is placed on the back of the bird

一隻手放在鳥的背上。

and on the stomach of the bird

而在鳥的肚子上

and then the head of the bird is tucked into

然後把鳥頭塞進

the crook of the elbow.

肘彎處。

This makes the bird comfortable.

這讓鳥兒很舒服。

It makes the bird relax, so that it can be maneuvered for evaluation.

它使鳥兒放鬆，這樣就可以操縱它進行評估。

Notice how the bird appears to be fairly comfortable

請注意，這隻鳥看起來相當舒服

during the evaluation.

評價期間，。

First, we evaluate a bird that has had good past performance.

首先，我們評價一隻鳥，它過去的表現很好。

Notice how bleached the eye ring is; totally devoid of color.

注意，眼圈是多麼的漂白，完全沒有顏色。

Notice how bleached the ear lobe is.

請注意耳垂的漂白程度。

If you look closely, you can actually see

如果你仔細看，其實你可以看到

the hole where the bird hears.

鳥聽到的洞。

The ear lobe is below that.

耳垂在那下面。

Notice the beak and it’s fairly bleached as well.

注意到喙，它也是相當漂白的。

And notice that the comb and wattles are red and waxy

還有，注意到梳子和尾巴都是紅色的，而且是蠟質的

and in good condition.

且狀況良好。

A bird with poor past performance will have

過去表現不佳的鴿子將有

a dry and shriveled up comb.

一把乾枯萎縮的梳子。

>>Now we turn the bird over and examine its vent.

>>現在我們把鳥翻過來，檢查它的通風口。

Notice that this vent is bleached, moist and large.

注意，這個通風口是漂白的，潮溼的，大的。

This indicates that this bird has had good past performance.

這說明這隻鳥過去的表現不錯。

>>The backs of the shanks and the bottoms of the feet

>>柄的背面和腳的底部。

are thoroughly bleached as well indicating good past performance.

徹底漂白，也說明過去的性能良好。

>>The front of the shanks are bleached as well,

>>柄的前端也是漂白的。

indicating good past performance.

表示過去的業績良好。

>>Next we determine the abdominal capacity of this hen.

>>接下來我們確定這隻母雞的腹腔容量。

This is done by placing the fingers between

這是通過將手指放在

the pubic bones and the keel bone.

恥骨和龍骨。

In this case, it’s 4 fingers, indicating good past production

在這種情況下，它是4個手指，表明過去的生產良好。

and good abdominal capacity.

和良好的腹肌能力。

Next we determine the pubic spread.

接下來我們確定陰部的分佈。

This is done by placing the fingers between the pubic bones

這是通過將手指放在恥骨之間來實現的。

and determining how many fingers can fit there,

並確定那裡可以容納多少個手指。

in this case, 3, indicating good abdominal capacity.

在這種情況下，3，說明腹腔能力好。

Next we check for abdominal fat.

接下來我們檢查一下腹部的脂肪。

If there is not very much abdominal fat there

如果腹部脂肪不多，就會有

then the bird is a good past producer.

那麼這隻鳥就是一個很好的過去生產者。

The next procedure is to check the primaries

接下來的程序是檢查初選

and determine how many primaries she has or if she is in molt.

並確定她有多少初乳或是否在蛻皮。

This is done by finding the small axial feather

這是通過尋找小的軸向羽毛來完成的

and then fanning out the primary feathers

鯤鵬展翅

and counting them one by one.

並逐一統計。

In this case, this bird has all 10 of her primary feathers

在這種情況下，這隻鳥的10根主要羽毛都在這裡了

and she not in molt, indicating that she has good past performance.

而她又不在蛻皮期，說明她過去的表現不錯。

Do both wings. Same procedure is used.

做兩個翅膀。 用同樣的程序。

Find the axial feather, which is the small one,

找到軸羽，也就是小的那根。

and then count the primary feathers.

然後再數主羽。

In this case, she has all 10 and she is not in molt.

在這種情況下，她10個都有了，而且她沒有蛻皮。

She is in full production.

她正在全力生產。

>>In some cases, good producing hens

>>在某些情況下，好的生產母雞。

can have frayed feathers.

可以有褶皺的羽毛。

>>Next we look at a hen with poor past production.

>>接下來我們來看一隻過去生產狀況不佳的母雞。

She has a shriveled comb and wattles.

她的梳子和笏板都是萎縮的。

She has coloration around her eye ring and a colored beak.

她的眼圈周圍有顏色，嘴也是彩色的。

This bird is not bleached and still has coloration

這隻鳥沒有漂白，還有色澤

on the backs of her shanks and the bottoms of her feet,

在她的腳背和腳底。

indicating poor past production.

說明過去的生產情況不佳。

>>This hen still has yellow pigmentation on the front

>>這隻母雞前面還有黃色的色素。

of her shanks and the tops of her feet,

她的臀部和腳面。

indicating poor past production.

說明過去的生產情況不佳。

>>Next, we look at her vent and find that it’s small

＆gt;＆gt;接下來，我們看她的通風口，發現它的小

and still has yellow pigments, indicating poor past production.

且仍有黃色顏料，說明過去的生產情況不佳。

>>Looking at her primary feathers,

>>看著她的初級羽毛。

we find that couple of her primary feathers are missing.

我們發現她的幾根主要羽毛都不見了。

Again, indicating poor past production.

再次，說明過去的生產情況不佳。

>>Looking at the other wing, it’s easy to see

>>從另一翼看，不難發現

that she’s lost her primary feathers there as well.

她在那裡也失去了她的主要羽毛。

With this bird, there is only a 3 finger spread

這隻鳥，只有3個手指頭的距離。

between her pubic bones and her keel bone,

她的恥骨和龍骨之間。

indicating poor past production.

說明過去的生產情況不佳。

She only has about a 2 to 2.5 finger spread

她只有2到2.5個指頭的距離。

between the pubic bones.

恥骨之間。

Again, indicating poor past production.

再次，說明過去的生產情況不佳。

>>Checking for abdominal fat, we find that this bird

>>檢查腹部脂肪時，我們發現這隻鳥兒

has more abdominal fat than the other one,

有更多的腹部脂肪比另一個。

indicating, again, poor past production.

再次表明，過去的生產情況不佳。

>>When we compare the color of the shanks of the four birds

>>當我們比較四種鳥類的柄部顏色時

side by side progressing from the best producer on the left

並肩作戰，從左手邊的最佳製作人發展到右手邊的最佳製作人。

to the worst producer on the right,

給右邊最差的製作人。

we see the color differences.

我們看到顏色的差異。

We see that the one on the left has the lowest amount of pigment

我們看到，左邊的那塊色素含量最低。

and the one on the right has the most.

和右邊的那個最。

>>Using these techniques, the hens are placed in order

>>利用這些技術，將母雞按順序放置。

from best to worst.

從最好的到最壞的。

© 2012 University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

2012年佐治亞大學農業與環境科學學院。