the South Korean Stock Exchange with its initial public  offering, the country's largest in three years.

韓國證券交易所的首次公開募股，是該國三年來最大的一次。

BTS fans and institutional investors such as Black  Rock and Singapore's sovereign wealth fund GIC

BTS粉絲和黑石、新加坡主權財富基金GIC等機構投資者

were part of the army that fueled Big  Hit's market debut, which jumped by as much as

是助推Big Hit市場首發的軍隊中的一員，該公司的市場首發漲幅高達。

160 percent valuing the agency at  8.4 billion dollars at its peak.

160%，在最高峰時，該機構的估值為84億元。

Even though Big Hit's share price eventually dropped, this high profile listing which was more than a

儘管大中股份最終股價下跌，但這一高調上市，這比。

thousand times oversubscribed by institutional  investors, demonstrated the global influence

被機構投資者超額認購千倍，顯示了全球影響力。

of South Korea's burgeoning entertainment industry, a phenomenon which has been dubbed the Korean wave.

的韓國新興娛樂業，這一現象被稱為韓流。

The Korean wave also known as Hallyu is more than  BTS, Blackpink or K-pop for that matter.

韓流又稱Hallyu，比BTS、Blackpink或K-pop都要重要。

It refers to the growing global popularity of South Korea's  cultural exports including music, television dramas,

指的是韓國的音樂、電視劇等文化出口產品在全球範圍內越來越受歡迎。

movies, esports, food and even beauty products.

電影、電競、食品甚至美容產品。

Since the turn of the 21st century, the country's pop cultural exports,

進入21世紀以來，我國的流行文化出口。

have taken the world by storm, becoming a major contributor to South Korea's  $1.6 trillion economy.

已風靡全球，成為韓國1.6萬億美元經濟的主要貢獻者。

In 2019, South Korea exported  $12 billion worth of exports of cultural

2019年，韓國出口的文化產品價值120億美元。

products and services, an increase of 22.4 percent  from 2018, despite a 10.3% plunge in overall exports,

產品和服務，比2018年增長22.4%，儘管整體出口量大跌10.3%。

as global trade cooled amid rising geopolitical tensions.

由於全球貿易在地緣政治緊張局勢加劇的情況下降溫。

But it wasn't too long ago when South Korea's entertainment industry was in a shambles.

但就在不久前，韓國的娛樂業還一塌糊塗。

The period following the Korean war which ended unofficially in 1953 saw rapid economic growth in the East Asian nation.

1953年朝鮮戰爭非正式結束後，東亞國家的經濟發展迅速。

leading to the rise of Korean conglomerates such as Samsung and Hyundai.

導致三星、現代等韓國企業集團的崛起。

The turning point for the South Korean media industry came in 1988, when the first Hollywood movies were allowed in local theaters.

韓國傳媒業的轉捩點出現在1988年，第一部好萊塢電影被允許進入當地影院。

That same year South Korea lifted curbs on overseas leisure travel by its citizens.

同年，韓國取消了對公民海外休閒旅遊的限制。

These reforms led to a growing  awareness of the importance of its cultural development,

這些改革使人們逐漸認識到其文化發展的重要性。

as more Koreans became exposed to  foreign products and ideas.

隨著越來越多的韓國人開始接觸外國產品和思想。

In 1994, a government report noted that the Hollywood movie, Jurassic Park, generated more revenue

1994年，一份政府報告指出，好萊塢電影《侏羅紀公園》創造的收入超過了

than the foreign sales of 1.5 million Hyundai cars, which were considered the pride of Korea.

比起被視為韓國驕傲的現代汽車150萬輛的對外銷量。

As the film industry began to emulate Hollywood so too did its pop music industry.

隨著電影業開始模仿好萊塢，其流行音樂業也開始模仿好萊塢。

The abolishment of the censorship system  in 1996 and the popularity of early icons such as

1996年取消審查制度，早期偶像的流行，如。

K-pop pioneer Seo Taiji and SM entertainment founder  Lee Soo-man laid the groundwork for today's K-pop industry.

K-pop先驅徐太極和SM娛樂創始人李秀滿為今天的K-pop產業奠定了基礎。

Today the Korean wave is a multi-billion dollar industry,

如今，韓潮是一個價值數十億的產業。

In 2020, BTS's single Dynamite was estimated to contribute 1.4 billion dollars to Korea's economy and created 8,000 new jobs.

2020年，BTS單人炸藥估計將為韓國經濟貢獻14億美元，並創造8000個新的就業機會。

This sector has driven profits in other industries including tourism.

這個行業帶動了包括旅遊業在內的其他行業的利潤。

The boy band's three-day concert in Seoul in 2019 brought in about 187, 000 foreign tourists, raking in over 790 million dollars for the economy.

2019年男團在首爾舉行的為期三天的演唱會，為首爾帶來了約187，000名外國遊客，為經濟帶來了超過7.9億美元的收入。

Tourists have flocked to South Korea in recent years attracted by the prospects of  visiting movies and music video locations

近年來，在電影和音樂視頻拍攝地的前景吸引下，遊客紛紛湧向韓國。

While the private sector has been instrumental in building this wave,

雖然私營部門在這一浪潮中發揮了重要作用。

the South Korean government has also invested heavily in its Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism with the aim of building its cultural exports around the world.

韓國政府還對其文化、體育和旅遊部進行了大量投資，目的是建立其在全世界的文化出口。

As early as 1994, a cultural industry bureau was established within the ministry.

早在1994年，部內就成立了文化產業局。

A popular culture industry division was created later in 2013, which was reorganized as the Hallyu Support and Cooperation Division in 2020.

2013年以後成立了大眾文化產業部，2020年改組為華流支援合作部。

One of its main strategies is to diversify Hallyu products from K-pop and K-drama,

其主要策略之一是將Hallyu產品從K-pop和K-drama中多元化。

to include K-beauty, virtual reality content and esports.

以包括K-beauty、虛擬現實內容和電子競技。

As more Korean professional gamers make their mark on the world stage, the government plans to grow its esports space through events

隨著越來越多的韓國職業玩家在世界舞臺上嶄露頭角，政府計劃通過活動來發展其電子競技領域。

such as a three-nation esports tournament between South Korea, Japan and China.

如韓國、日本和中國的三國電子競技比賽。

In the K-beauty space,  South Korean conglomerate AmorePacific, is one of the largest cosmetic companies in the world,

在K-beauty領域，韓國企業集團AmorePacific，是全球最大的化妝品公司之一。

with over 30 brands in its portfolio, including Laneige, Etude and Innisfree.

旗下擁有30多個品牌，包括Laneige、Etude和Innisfree。

In 2020, the government allocated a record  5.5 billion dollars for its culture ministry,

2020年，政府為其文化部撥出創紀錄的5．

an increase of 9.4 percent from the year  before and that was before the pandemic.

比前一年增加了9.4%，這還是在大流行之前。

The lion's share was for the content industry, which has been touted as the country's future  economic growth engine.

其中，佔比最大的是被譽為國家未來經濟增長引擎的內容產業。

The Hallyu budget in 2021 will also grow by 42.7%to hit $585 million,

2021年的華錄預算也將增長42.7%，達到5.85億美元。

with part of the kitty going  to help K-pop bands shift their concerts online.

部分資金將用於幫助K-pop樂隊將他們的演唱會轉移到網上。

The Korean wave has been a driver of growth for streaming companies too, especially during the pandemic when more people stayed indoors.

韓潮也一直是流媒體公司增長的動力，尤其是在流行病期間，更多的人呆在室內。

Since 2015, streaming giant Netflix has poured nearly 700 million dollars into partnerships and co-productions while fueling the Korean wave overseas.

自2015年以來，流媒體巨頭Netflix在海外助推韓流浪潮的同時，也為合作和合拍片投入了近7億美元。

The quality of South Korea's productions  has improved over time with these investments.

隨著時間的推移，這些投資使韓國的產品質量得到了提高。

Bong Joon Ho's Parasite picked up four Oscars  in 2020, including the coveted Best Picture award,

奉俊昊的《寄生蟲》在2020年拿下了四項奧斯卡獎，包括夢寐以求的最佳影片獎。

the first non-English language film to win  in the 92-year history of the Academy Awards.

92年奧斯卡獎歷史上第一部非英語電影獲獎。

The film highlighted social inequalities in South  Korea, a message that struck a chord with a global audience.

這部電影強調了韓國的社會不平等，這一資訊引起了全球觀眾的共鳴。

The film went on to make $257 million worldwide, cementing South Korea's status as a cultural hub.

該片在全球範圍內取得了2.57億美元的收入，鞏固了韓國作為文化中心的地位。

The government's support for these industries is part of a strategy  to gain soft power, a country's ability to build international influence through its culture.

政府對這些產業的支持是獲得軟實力戰略的一部分，一個國家通過其文化建立國際影響力的能力。

The cultural diplomacy was in full force in 2018, when  about 160 k-pop singers, including girl group Red Velvet performed

2018年，包括女子組合Red Velvet在內的約160名k-pop歌手進行了演出，文化外交全面展開。

in North Korea's capital Pyongyang, before the country's leader Kim Jong-un and his wife.

在北韓首都平壤，北韓領導人金正恩和他的妻子面前。

Some experts said that the performances broke the ice before the peace talks.

有專家表示，演出打破了和談前的僵局。

That year, Kim Jong-Un became the first North Korean leader to step in South Korea since the end of the Korean war in 1953.

這一年，金正恩成為自1953年朝鮮戰爭結束以來，第一位踏入韓國的北韓領導人。

For all its success the Korean wave has its fair share of detractors too.

儘管韓流取得了巨大的成功，但也有不少反對者。

These negative perceptions include South Korea's foreign policies and the excessive commercialization of the Korean wave.

這些負面看法包括韓國的外交政策和韓流的過度商業化。

For example, Japan has strong negative sentiments towards Hallyu and Korea, due to their wartime and colonial histories,

例如，日本由於戰時和殖民歷史的原因，對華流和北韓有強烈的負面情緒。

while the deployment of a missile defense system in Korea in 2016, severely impacted the consumption of Korean products in China.

而2016年韓國部署飛彈防禦系統，嚴重影響了韓國產品在中國的消費。

A string of scandals, including a sexist culture and a high pressure industry has also cast  a negative spotlight on Hallyu.

性文化、高壓行業等一連串的醜聞，也讓華錄的負面形象備受關注。

In 2019, K-pop star Seungri departed from the boy band Big Bang,

2019年，K-pop明星勝裡從男團Big Bang離隊。

and retired from the entertainment industry  after a prostitution scandal that ensnared other celebrities.

並因嫖娼醜聞陷害其他明星而退出娛樂圈。

The scandal also uncovered allegations  of drug trafficking and police corruption within the industry.

醜聞還揭露了行業內販毒和警察腐敗的指控。

However a new generation of women  are pushing back against the patriarchal culture,

然而，新一代的女性正在反擊重男輕女的文化。

including leading celebrities such as Red Velvet,  actress Moon Ga-young and Bae Suzy.

包括Red Velvet、女演員文佳英、裴秀智等一線明星。

K-pop fans are also a force to be reckoned with as they turn  to activism to lend their support for causes worldwide.

K-pop的粉絲們也是一股不可忽視的力量，他們轉而積極地支持世界各地的事業。

In June 2020, K-pop fans claimed credit for disrupting a political rally by U.S. President Donald Trump.

2020年6月，K-pop粉絲宣稱破壞美國總統唐納德-特朗普的政治集會有功。

The same month, fans of BTS also raised more than 1 million dollars for Black Lives Matter,

同月，BTS的粉絲們也為 "黑色生命重要 "籌集了100多萬美元。

while other K-pop devotees united on  Twitter to drown out white supremacist hashtags.

而其他K-pop的信徒則在Twitter上聯合起來淹沒了白人至上主義的標籤。

Although the Korean wave has been a tide that  lifts all boats, Hallyu is now at a crossroads.

雖說韓潮掀起了萬丈巨浪，但華流現在正處於十字路口。

Even as the government tries to diversify its Hallyu content, the industry is facing a reckoning

即使政府試圖實現華錄內容的多元化，但行業也面臨著算計。

with allegations of misogyny and celebrity scandals which are threatening its squeaky clean image,

厭女症和名人醜聞的指控，威脅到其清廉的形象。

and the extent of South Korea's soft power.

和韓國軟實力的程度。

Thanks so much for watching our video! What's your favourite part of the Korean pop culture?

非常感謝您觀看我們的視頻！您最喜歡韓國流行文化的哪一部分？您最喜歡韓國流行文化中的哪一部分？

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