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  • Hi I’m John Green, this is CrashCourse Literature and today were going to talk about the

    嗨,我是約翰-格林,這裡是《速成文學》,今天我們要講的是《》。

  • greatest Dane of all, Scooby-Doo. No, it’s Hamlet.

    最偉大的丹麥人,史酷比。不,是哈姆雷特

  • So Hamlet is either a 16h or 17th century play, were not positive. The Tragedy of

    所以哈姆雷特是16h還是17世紀的劇本,我們不確定。悲劇的

  • Hamlet, Prince of Denmark was written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1602

    哈姆雷特,丹麥王子》是威廉-莎士比亞在1599年至1602年間寫的。

  • and it’s considered by many to be Shakespeare’s best work, even better than Timon of Athens

    它被許多人認為是莎士比亞最好的作品,甚至比《雅典的提蒙》還要好

  • or Cymbeline. Mr. Green, Mr. Green, I know Hamlet’s like

    或者辛伯林格林先生,格林先生,我知道哈姆雷特就像...

  • super famous and important and everything, but isn’t it basically just like a super

    超有名氣和重要的一切,但它是不是基本上只是像一個超

  • long play about a guy who never makes up his mind?

    長劇關於一個永遠不會下定決心的人?

  • Well, Me From The Past, some argue that Hamlet doesn’t have trouble making up his mind

    好吧,《來自過去的我》,有人認為,哈姆雷特並沒有下定決心的問題。

  • so much as he has trouble executing his vision. More specifically, executing his uncle.

    以至於他難以執行他的設想。更確切地說,是執行他的叔叔。

  • Then again, Me From The Past, many of us would argue that Hamlet does struggle to make decisions,

    話說回來,《來自過去的我》,我們很多人都會認為,哈姆雷特確實在努力做決定。

  • but the decisions he has to make are quite difficult. I mean this is a play about justice

    但他要做的決定是相當困難的。我的意思是這是一出關於正義的戲

  • and revenge and your conscience, and your place in the social order, and once again

    和復仇和你的良心,以及你在社會秩序中的地位,並再次

  • deeply uncomfortable feelings about mothers. Intro

    對母親深深的不舒服的感覺。介紹

  • So, Shakespeare based Hamlet on a medieval Scandinavian tale chronicled by everyone’s

    所以,莎士比亞根據中世紀斯堪的納維亞的故事改編的《哈姆雷特》,記載了大家的

  • favorite Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus, pictured here, depending on your world view

    達摩祖師爺

  • as either Santa Claus or God. But shakespeare probably knew the tale from

    作為聖誕老人或上帝。但莎士比亞可能知道這個故事,從。

  • contemporary plays rather than like actual Danish history because up to that point had

    當代戲劇,而不是像實際的丹麥歷史,因為在這一點上,已經。

  • been mostly about Vikings and pastries. Actually, that’s still mostly what it is.

    主要是關於維京人和糕點。其實,這主要還是它的本質。

  • So Saxo tells the story of Prince Amleth, a kid who he sees his uncle murder his father.

    於是,薩克森講述了阿姆萊思王子的故事,一個孩子,他看到他的叔叔謀殺了他的父親。

  • And then young Amleth bides his time and pretends to be crazy in order to lull his uncle into

    然後,年輕的阿姆萊思等待時機,假裝瘋癲,以哄騙他的舅舅

  • a false sense of security. And then, as soon as he’s grown up, Amleth slaughters his

    一種虛假的安全感。然後,他一長大,阿姆萊思就把他的...

  • uncle with his father’s sword. Amleth by the way, 80% of the way to being

    舅舅用他父親的劍。阿姆萊思順便說一下,八成是被。

  • Pig Latin for Hamlet. Anyway, it’s interesting to know that background

    豬的拉丁語是哈姆雷特的意思。總之,知道了這個背景,很有意思。

  • because it makes you think about the changes that Shakespeare makes to that story which

    因為它讓你想到莎士比亞對這個故事的改變,這一點

  • indicates something about what’s really important to Shakespeare.

    表明了一些關於莎士比亞真正重要的東西。

  • For instance, Hamlet isn’t unable to kill his uncle because he’s young. And he doesn’t

    比如,哈姆雷特並不是因為年輕而無法殺死他的叔叔。他也不是

  • actually see his uncle murder his father. So basically, Shakespeare was introducing

    實際上,看到他的叔叔 謀殺他的父親。所以,基本上,莎士比亞是介紹

  • ambiguity into the story which is kind of Shakespeare’s specialty.

    模糊的故事,這是一種莎士比亞的專長。

  • So Hamlet is Shakespeare’s most popular play, in fact, it’s perhaps the only one

    所以哈姆雷特是莎士比亞最受歡迎的劇目,事實上,它可能是唯一一部

  • to have been consistently performed since it debuted. It’s also, very long.

    以至於自出道以來,一直都在持續演出。這也是,非常長。

  • Like when Kenneth Branagh attempted to film every line the movie lasted more than four

    就像當肯尼斯-布拉納試圖拍攝每一句臺詞的電影持續超過四個

  • hours. Some theatrical productions have gone on as long as six.

    小時。有的戲曲演出時間長達6。

  • The general consensus is that Shakespeare wrote the play so long to satisfy himself,

    普遍的共識是,莎士比亞寫這麼長的劇本是為了滿足自己。

  • and he knew that theatre troupes would just like make it shorter any way they wanted.

    他知道劇團想怎麼做就怎麼做。

  • But it’s also possible that he thought that by keeping the audience at the theater for

    但也有可能他認為,只要把觀眾留在劇場裡,為

  • longer, would help him to sell more mutton pies at the concession stand. We have to remember

    更長的時間,會幫助他在優惠攤位上賣出更多的羊肉餅。我們要記住

  • that art is also commerce. But this whole link thing brings us to the

    藝術也是商業但這整個聯繫的事情讓我們想到了

  • fact that there are actually three different versions of Hamlet. There are two quartos,

    事實上,實際上有三個不同版本的哈姆雷特。有兩個夸父版。

  • one from 1603 and another from 1604, and then the Folio edition from 1623

    一本是1603年的,另一本是1604年的,然後是1623年的對開本。

  • The second quarto and the folio are somewhat similar, although the first was probably based

    第二本四開本和對開本有些相似,雖然第一本可能是基於

  • on Shakespeare’s notes and the second based on seeing the play in performance.

    根據莎士比亞的筆記,第二種是根據看戲的表演。

  • But the first quarto is known as thebad quarto,” and not in the sense that it’s

    但第一本四分冊被稱為 "壞四分冊",並不是指它的。

  • evil, but in the sense that it’s kind of terrible.

    邪惡,但在某種意義上,它是一種可怕的。

  • Historians believe that an actor probably transcribed the first quarto his memory and

    歷史學家認為,一個演員可能抄錄了他的記憶和第一四分頁。

  • that that actor probably only played really small parts. Like Marcellus.

    那個演員可能只演了很小的角色。比如馬塞拉斯

  • You know Marcellus, fromPulp Fiction”, he’s played by Ving Rhames. What? There’s

    你知道 "紙漿小說 "裡的馬塞拉斯嗎? 他是由Ving Rhames扮演的。什麼?那是...

  • a Marcellus in Hamlet? Basically, the scenes he was onstage for he

    哈姆雷特》中的馬塞洛?基本上,他在舞臺上的場景,他...

  • remembered pretty well, but the other ones not so much. He was probably that actor who’s

    記得很清楚,但其他的就不太清楚了。他可能是那個演員誰的

  • always mouthing other peopleslines. For example, here’s the bad quarto’s “To

    總是口口聲聲說著別人的臺詞。比如說,這裡有壞四合院的《致?

  • be or not to bespeech: “To be, or not to be, that's the point,/ To Die, to sleepe,

    是或不是 "的講話。"To be, or not to be, that's the point,/ To Die, to sleepe. "做人,還是不做人,這是關鍵,/To Die, to sleepe,

  • is that all?” that’s just fantastic. But sometimes the divergences are interesting.

    是這樣嗎?"這真是太棒了。但有時分叉的地方也很有趣。

  • In one version Hamlet wishes that histoo solid fleshwould melt, in another, he

    在一個版本中,哈姆雷特希望他的 "太堅實的肉體 "會融化,在另一個版本中,他

  • talks about histoo sallied fleshwhich might mean assailed flesh or might mean sullied

    談到他的 "太有禮的肉體",可能是指被攻擊的肉體,也可能是指被玷汙的肉體。

  • flesh. Anyway, in all the versions, the plot is the

    肉體。總之,在所有的版本中,劇情都是這樣的

  • same: Hamlet is a grad student who returns home to Elsinore when his father dies and

    同:哈姆雷特是一名研究所學生,父親去世後,他回到家鄉愛爾西諾,並。

  • then his mother Gertrude suddenly marries his uncle Claudius. Claudius takes over as

    然後他的母親格特魯德突然嫁給了他的叔叔克勞狄斯。克勞狄斯接任

  • king even though technically Hamlet should inherit the throne.

    國王即使技術上哈姆雷特應該繼承王位。

  • So a grieving Hamlet deals with this as any grad student would by wearing black, listening

    所以,一個悲傷的哈姆雷特處理這個問題,就像任何一個研究所學生一樣,穿上黑衣服,聽著... ...

  • to sad music, and making long speeches about how he wishes his flesh would melt. Which

    伴隨著悲傷的音樂,發表長篇大論,說他多麼希望自己的肉體能夠融化。哪些

  • spoiler: It eventually will. But then, his father’s ghost appears to

    破壞者它最終會。但隨後,他父親的鬼魂出現了。

  • him and begs Hamlet to revenge his murder by that aforementioned uncle Claudius. Hamlet

    他並懇求哈姆雷特為他報仇,被上述那位叔叔克勞狄斯殺害。哈姆雷特

  • isn’t sure about this. So he pretends to be insane, you know as you do. That buys him

    不確定這一點。所以他就假裝自己是個瘋子,你也知道的。這給他買了

  • some time. He then hires a troupe of players to put on a show that will make Claudius to

    一些時間。然後,他僱傭了一個劇團的演員來表演,將使克勞狄斯到。

  • reveal his guilt, Claudius is indeed overwhelmed with emotion,

    露出自己的愧疚,克勞狄斯的確是感慨萬千。

  • flees the play, Gertrude summons Hamlet to her bedchamber where they have a weirdly intimate

    格特魯德逃出了劇組 格特魯德把哈姆雷特叫到她的寢室 他們在那裡進行了一次奇怪的親密接觸。

  • discussion, until Hamlet hears a noise and in a rare decisive moment stabs the curtain.

    討論,直到哈姆雷特聽到一個聲音,並在難得的決定性時刻刺破窗簾。

  • Oh, but it’s not my uncle, it’s Polonius.

    哦,但不是我叔叔,是波洛尼烏斯。

  • Polonius, who was never brief despite saying that, “brevity is the soul of wit.”

    波洛尼烏斯,儘管他說過 "簡潔是機智的靈魂",但他從不簡短。

  • And then also famously said, “to thine own self be trueand you know, proceeded to

    然後還說了一句名言:"對你自己要真實",你知道,接著是

  • not be terribly true to himself. So Gertrude decides that Hamlet should get

    不是很真實的自己。所以格特魯德決定,哈姆雷特應該獲得

  • out of town for a while and he sails away and there’s a writ of death and storms and

    出城一陣子,他就揚長而去,然後就有了死亡令狀和暴風雪,還有

  • pirates, and then Hamlet returns only to find that Polonius’s daughter Ophelia has committed

    海盜,然後哈姆雷特回來了,卻發現波洛尼烏斯的女兒奧菲利亞已經犯了

  • suicide and that her brother Laertes is kind of mad at Hamlet.

    自殺,而她的哥哥勞特斯對哈姆雷特有點生氣。

  • So Claudius schedules a fencing match between Laertes and Hamlet, poisoning Laertes’s

    於是,克勞狄斯安排了勞特斯和哈姆雷特之間的擊劍比賽,在勞特斯的身上下毒。

  • sword and Hamlet’s wine. Hamlet is stabbed, but manages to wound Laertes

    劍和哈姆雷特的酒。哈姆雷特被刺傷了,但他成功地傷到了拉埃特斯。

  • while Gertrude downs the fatal wine. And then, once everyone is dead or dying Hamlet decides

    而格特魯德則喝下了致命的酒。然後,一旦每個人都死了或垂死,哈姆雷特決定

  • that, now, is finally a good time to stab Claudius.

    現在,終於是刺殺克勞狄斯的好時機。

  • Basically, all the Danes die. Except Horatio of course because you need someone to say,

    基本上,所有的丹麥人都會死。當然除了霍雷肖,因為你需要有人說。

  • Good night sweet prince: And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest!”

    "晚安,親愛的王子,天使的飛翔為你歌唱,讓你安息!"

  • What kind of place is this Denmark where people have stunningly un-Danish names like Claudius

    丹麥是個什麼樣的地方? 人們的名字都不像丹麥人的名字,比如克勞狄斯

  • and Polonius. Well, let’s go to the Thought Bubble.

    和波洛尼烏斯。好吧,讓我們去思想保麗龍。

  • So, throughout the play, Claudius is building up an army to take on Norway and Denmark is

    所以,在整部劇中,克勞狄斯正在建立一支軍隊來對付挪威,而丹麥是

  • caught in a strange limbo between war and not war. As often happens, the specter of

    陷入了戰爭與非戰爭之間的奇怪困境。常常發生的情況是:

  • external enemies leads the ruling powers to search for enemies within, and we see a lot

    外敵導致統治者內部尋找敵人,我們看到很多的

  • of examples of Elsinore as a surveillance society. Like, Hamlet’s not wrong when he

    的例子,埃爾西諾爾是一個監視社會。就像,哈姆雷特沒有錯,當他...

  • tells Rosencrantz and GuildensternDenmark’s a prison.”

    告訴羅森克蘭茨和吉爾登斯特恩 "丹麥是一座監獄"

  • The characters are closely watching each other; I mean Gertrude and Claudius are watching

    人物都在密切注視著對方,我是說格特魯德和克勞狄斯在注視著對方

  • Hamlet, so is Polonius, though he’s awfully bad at it. Hamlet’s schoolmates, Rosencrantz

    哈姆雷特,波洛尼烏斯也是如此,雖然他的表現非常糟糕。哈姆雷特的同學,羅森克蘭茨。

  • and Guildenstern are watching him closely as Claudius is encouraging them to spy while

    克勞狄斯和吉爾登斯特恩密切注視著他,因為克勞狄斯正在鼓勵他們進行間諜活動,而

  • they throw back Danish grog and talk about girls. Ophelia is watching Hamlet, too, but

    他們喝著丹麥酒,談論著女孩。奧菲利亞也在看哈姆雷特,但是...

  • Hamlet isn’t watching her, because he’s too busy staring at Claudius, trying to figure

    哈姆雷特沒在看她 因為他忙著盯著克勞狄斯,想弄明白... ...

  • out if he really did murder his father and of course Hamlet also spends a lot of time

    如果他真的謀殺了他的父親,當然哈姆雷特也花了很多的時間。

  • watching himself and then reciting anguished soliloquies about it.

    看著自己,然後為它朗誦痛苦的獨白。

  • Personally, in the end, I’m more struck my Hamlet’s narcissism than by his indecisiveness.

    就個人而言,到最後,我更打動我的哈姆雷特的自戀,而不是他的優柔寡斷。

  • Note12_Watching_Hamlet.jpg Anyway, all of this is probably less a criticism

    Note12_觀看_哈姆雷特.jpg 總之,這些可能都不是什麼責備的問題。

  • of Denmark, which is a perfectly nice place full of herring sandwiches and competitive

    在丹麥,這是一個非常好的地方,充滿了鯡魚三明治和競爭性的。

  • handball, than it is a commentary on Elizabethan England, a place notorious for spying and

    手球,比它是一個評論伊麗莎白時代的英國,一個臭名昭著的地方,以間諜和

  • also the place where Shakespeare actually lived. There were all sorts of anti-royal,

    也是莎士比亞真正居住的地方。有各種反皇。

  • anti-Catholic conspiracies going and Elizabeth I ran a whole network of spies to help discover

    反天主教的陰謀,伊麗莎白一世運行了一個完整的間諜網絡來幫助發現。

  • themsort of like M in James Bond, but with more tiaras. Even Christopher Marlowe, Shakespeare’s

    他們--有點像007裡的M,但有更多的頭飾。即使是克里斯托弗-馬洛,莎士比亞筆下的Christopher Marlowe

  • rival and one of the most badass playwright’s ever, was a spy. So the court of Elsinore

    競爭對手和有史以來最壞的劇作家之一,是個間諜。所以Elsinore的宮廷

  • can be read as a commentary on Shakespeare’s own environment, in which being tried and

    可以理解為莎士比亞對自己所處環境的評論,在這種環境下,被審判和。

  • beheaded for secret treason was kind of a national pastime.

    因祕密叛國而被斬首是一種國家消遣。

  • Thanks, Thought Bubble. So Hamlet is a play about watching and being watched. Something

    謝謝,思想泡泡。所以哈姆雷特是一出關於觀察和被觀察的戲。一些

  • that were all pretty familiar with these days, but it’s also a play about doubling

    我們現在都很熟悉的,但這也是一部關於雙倍的戲。

  • and mirroring. This is a common Shakespearian thing but it

    和鏡像。這是莎士比亞常見的事情,但它是

  • gets to some really core questions about being a person.

    得到一些關於做人的真正核心問題。

  • Like are people really capable of change, can they become different people over time,

    比如人真的能夠改變嗎,能不能隨著時間的推移變成不同的人。

  • and when you look in the mirror are you seeing the person that is actually you? Are you the

    當你照鏡子的時候,你看到的是真正的你嗎?你是

  • person you imagine yourself to be? So, there are at least two Hamlets in this

    你把自己想象成的人?所以,這裡面至少有兩個哈姆雷特。

  • play, right, there is the old dead King Hamlet who goes around haunting the Elsinore battlements

    戲吧,有一個老死不相往來的哈姆雷特國王,他在埃爾西諾爾的城牆上鬧騰。

  • and our hero who is supposed to avenge that old Hamlet .

    而我們的英雄應該為老哈姆雷特報仇...

  • But the living Hamlet is also split into two people: the one who wants to kill Claudius

    但活著的哈姆雷特也分為兩個人:一個是要殺克勞狄斯的人。

  • and the one who’s like, “You know maybe not. Maybe I should just be a grad student.”

    和一個誰的喜歡, "你知道,也許不是,也許我應該只是一個研究所學生。也許我應該只是一個研究所學生。"

  • And some critics argue that the Hamlet who returns home from the pirate adventure is

    而有的評論家認為,從海盜歷險中歸來的哈姆雷特是

  • yet another person, because he is a very different guy from the one who left.

    卻是另一個人,因為他和離開的那個人截然不同。

  • And you can even see Ophelia as a kind of extreme, subversive double for Hamlet, like

    你甚至可以把奧菲利亞看作是哈姆雷特的一種極端的、顛覆性的替身,就像

  • what Hamlet might be like if he were robbed of all power and agency.

    如果哈姆雷特被剝奪了所有權力和代理權,他可能會是什麼樣子。

  • And then obviously when the actors perform their play The Murder of Gonzago, theyre

    然後很明顯,當演員們表演他們的戲劇《岡薩戈謀殺案》時,他們是

  • mirroring all the recent events in Elsinore. But it’s not a regular mirror right. It’s

    反映了最近在Elsinore發生的所有事件。但這不是一面普通的鏡子吧。它是

  • kind of a funhouse mirror. But ultimately, it’s not just…. oh no!

    某種有趣的鏡子。但歸根結底,這不僅僅是......哦,不!

  • My desk is moving! That must mean it’s time for the open letter!

    我的桌子在動!那一定意味著是時候寫公開信了!

  • An open letter to Simba. Hey there Simba, let’s take a look at the 1990s adaptation

    給辛巴的一封公開信。嘿,辛巴,讓我們來看看上世紀90年代的改編作品吧

  • of Hamlet that DIDN’T star Mel Gibson. The one starring you - The Lion King.

    《哈姆雷特》中沒有梅爾-吉布森主演的那部。你主演的那部《獅子王》。

  • Simba? Hamlet Mufasa? Recently murdered king.

    辛巴?哈姆雷特-穆法薩?最近被謀殺的國王。

  • Scar? Claudius Mufasa in the sky and smoke? Oviously, Ghost.

    疤?克勞迪烏斯-穆法薩在天空和煙?顯然,鬼。

  • Nala? Ophelia The Elephant Graveyard? England. Or maybe

    娜拉?奧菲利亞《大象墳場》?英國或者...

  • the actual graveyard with the last poor Yorick whom I knew well.

    真正的墓地,有我熟悉的最後一個可憐的約裡克。

  • The point is: YOU MUST NEVER GO THERE, SIMBA. Sorry, I don’t have a good James Earl Jones.

    重點是:你絕對不能去那裡,辛巴.對不起,我沒有一個好的詹姆斯-厄爾-瓊斯.

  • Best wishes, John Green. So anyway, it’s not just one mirror, but

    祝福你,約翰-格林。所以不管怎麼說,這不僅僅是一面鏡子,而是... ...

  • many, that reflect Hamlet’s trouble figuring out what kind of a man he is and how he should

    很多,這反映了哈姆雷特不知道自己是一個什麼樣的人,應該如何

  • act. These mirrors also underscore the perpetual cycle of violence at the heart of the revenge

    的行為。這些鏡子也強調了復仇的核心是暴力的永久循環。

  • tragedy which youll no doubt remember from our talk of ancient Greek stories.

    悲劇,你肯定還記得我們講過的古希臘故事。

  • There is, literally, always another Hamlet. Like in these tragedies the desire for vengeance

    從字面上看,總有另一個哈姆雷特。就像在這些悲劇中,復仇的慾望一樣。

  • ultimately corrupts the revenger and he or she has to die, too. Each murder has to be

    最終腐蝕了復仇者,他或她也必須死。每一起謀殺案都必須

  • answered for with another murder until we are out of people who can die.

    再來一次謀殺,直到我們沒有人可以死。

  • A good example of this unending violence is old Hamlet’s ghost, who can’t rest in

    哈姆雷特的老鬼就是一個很好的例子,他在這種無休止的暴力中無法休息

  • this grave until he’s avenged. Now, the critics Andrew Bennett and Nicholas Royle

    這座墳墓,直到他報了仇。現在,評論家安德魯-班尼特和尼古拉斯-羅伊爾。

  • describe ghosts asthe very embodiment of strange repetition or recurrence: it is

    將鬼魂描述為 "奇怪的重複或重現的體現:它是......"。

  • a revenant, it comes backOkay, but it comes back from where? Like ghosts

    好吧,但它從哪裡回來?就像鬼魂一樣

  • don’t really fit into Hamlet’s understanding of death. He describes death asThe undiscover’d

    不太符合哈姆雷特對死亡的理解。他把死亡描述為 "未被發現的

  • country, from whose born / No traveller returns.” Except his dad, apparently.

    "國家,從它出生的人/沒有旅行者回來。"顯然,除了他的父親。

  • In fact, one way to read it is that the ghost’s fate is in some ways aligned with Catholic

    其實,有一種解讀是,鬼魂的命運在某種程度上與天主教的

  • purgatory, “confin’d to fast in fires / till the foul crimes done in my days of

    煉獄,"在火中禁食/直到我的日子裡所做的骯髒罪行。

  • nature / are burnt and purg’d away.” And Hamlet seems to fear something similar, “For

    自然界/被燒燬和淨化了。"而哈姆雷特似乎也在擔心類似的事情,"For

  • in that sleep of death what dreams may come.” Though it’s also worth nothing that Hamlet

    在那死亡的睡眠中,可能會出現什麼夢境。"雖然這也不值一提,哈姆雷特...

  • wonders if the ghost really is his father. Hamlet has to ask if the ghost is a “spirit

    想知道鬼魂是否真的是他的父親。哈姆雷特要問,如果鬼魂是一個 "精神

  • of health or goblin damn'd.” Regardless, the ghost makes Hamlet wonder

    的健康或妖精該死的。"無論如何,鬼魂讓哈姆雷特懷疑

  • about the consequences of his actions. I mean here’s Hamlet saying, “Can this ghost

    關於他的行為的後果。我的意思是,這裡的哈姆雷特說, "可以這個鬼魂,

  • (who’s name I remind you is Hamlet) be trusted? Is justice the business of people or God.

    (我提醒你,他的名字叫哈姆雷特)值得信任嗎?正義是人的事還是神的事。

  • Now obviously there are no easy answers to those questions but earthly justice is clearly

    現在很明顯,這些問題沒有簡單的答案,但世俗的正義顯然是。

  • corrupted—I mean Claudius has usurped the kingdom and there’s evidence that old King

    我是說克勞狄斯篡奪了王位 有證據表明老國王...

  • Hamlet might not have been the greatest ruler either.

    哈姆雷特可能也不是最偉大的統治者。

  • And Claudius is already being punished spiritually, although it’s not clear whether it comes

    而克勞迪烏斯已經受到了精神上的懲罰,雖然不清楚這是否來自於

  • from himself or from god, but at one point he tries to pray and finds that he actually

    從他自己或上帝,但在一個點上,他試圖祈禱,並發現他其實

  • can’t: “My words fly up, my thoughts remain below / words without thought never to heaven

    不能:"我的文字飛上天,我的思想留在下面/沒有思想的文字永遠到不了天邊

  • go,” Now prayer was seen as cleansing and in that

    去,"現在,禱告被看作是潔淨,在這一點上。

  • scene Hamlet decides not to kill Claudius because he believes that Claudius is praying

    哈姆雷特決定不殺克勞狄斯,因為他認為克勞狄斯在祈禱

  • and therefore will be cleansed of his sin and will go straight to heaven if Hamlet killed

    是以,如果哈姆雷特殺了人,他的罪過就會得到洗刷,就會直接上天堂。

  • him right then. And that wouldn’t be fair! Of course, actually,

    他的權利,然後。那就不公平了!當然,其實。

  • if he’d just killed Claudius in that moment due to the thoughts not going up to heaven

    如果他在那一刻因為思念不上天而殺了克勞狄烏斯的話

  • everything wouldve been fine. I mean not for Claudius, but you know, for justice.

    一切都會好起來的我的意思是,不是為了克勞迪烏斯,但你知道,為了正義。

  • So should Hamlet act? Should he let diving justice take its course? Does divine justice

    那麼哈姆雷特該不該行動?他是否應該讓潛水的正義發揮其作用?難道神聖的正義

  • only work through people? Even I can’t decide! But Mr Green, Mr Green, in the end how does

    只通過人工作?連我都無法決定!但是,格林先生,格林先生,到底是怎樣的

  • Hamlet make up his mind though? Well, Me From the Past, when he finally makes

    哈姆雷特雖然下了決心?好吧,《過去的我》,當他終於做出了

  • up his mind he’s dieing, right? He has like seconds left to live.

    在他的腦海中,他是死的,對不對?他還有幾秒鐘的時間可以活

  • Ultimately, Hamlet is a great play for its aphorisms, and its language, and its ambiguity,

    歸根結底,《哈姆雷特》是一部偉大的戲劇,因為它的格言,它的語言,它的含蓄。

  • but also because it brilliantly captures the fact that we do not know what we are doing.

    但也因為它出色地抓住了我們不知道自己在做什麼的事實。

  • Hamlet doesn’t struggle to decide a course of action because he’s young or because

    哈姆雷特並沒有因為自己的年輕而掙扎著決定行動的方向,也沒有因為。

  • he’s an academic or because he’s a narcissist. He struggles because he’s human.

    他是一個學者或因為他是一個自戀的人。他掙扎,因為他是人類。

  • Well continue our discussion of him and the play next week. Thanks for watching. I’ll

    下週我們將繼續討論他和這部劇。謝謝你的觀看。我將...

  • see you then. Crash Course is made by all of these nice

    到時見。速成班是由所有這些漂亮的

  • people and it exists because of your support at Subbable.com including Subbable subscriber,

    人,它的存在是因為您在Subbable.com的支持,包括Subbable的訂閱者。

  • and Crash Course supporter, Kevin Lee who sponsored todays video. So thanks Kevin, and

    和速成班的支持者,凱文-李贊助了今天的視頻。所以,感謝凱文,和

  • thanks to all of our of subscribers at Subbable for helping us to keep Crash Course free for

    感謝所有在Subbable的訂閱者幫助我們保持免費的速成班。

  • everyone forever. You can also get great perks at Subbable so

    大家永遠。您還可以在Subbable獲得巨大的福利,所以。

  • check it out. Regardless, I just wanted to say thanks for watching and as we say in my

    檢查出來。無論如何,我只是想說謝謝你的觀看,就像我們說的,在我的。

  • hometown, “Don’t forget to be awesome.”

    家鄉,"別忘了要厲害"。

Hi I’m John Green, this is CrashCourse Literature and today were going to talk about the

嗨,我是約翰-格林,這裡是《速成文學》,今天我們要講的是《》。

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