Name: 冠狀病毒。牛津大學疫苗突破性進展，封鎖後計劃揭曉 - BBC Newsnight (Coronavirus: Post-lockdown plans revealed as Oxford vaccine breakthrough announced - BBC Newsnight)
Uploaded: 2020-11-24T18:31:29.000Z
Duration: 14 min 28 s

again, I repeat my gratitude for so long.

我再次重複我的感激之情，這麼長時間。

A modern world which thought it made the rules cut down to size by Mother Nature, humbled on, frightened by unimaginable pain.

一個自以為制定了規則的現代世界，被大自然母親剪裁得體無完膚，卑微的上，被難以想象的痛苦嚇到。

For the first time since this wretched virus took hold, we can see a route out of the pandemic.

自從這種可惡的病毒發作以來，我們第一次可以看到一條擺脫疫情的路線。

The breakthroughs in treatments in testing vaccines mean that the scientific cavalry is now in sight on Do we know in our hearts.

在測試疫苗的治療方法上的突破，意味著科學騎兵現在已經在我們的心裡是否知道。

A tentative start on the journey will be made on the second of December, when the current England wide restrictions will be replaced by a beefed up regional tiered system.

12月2日將試探性地開始征程，屆時，目前英格蘭範圍內的限制措施將被強化的區域分層制度所取代。

All areas in the highest tier will be given extra testing for six weeks, by which time a nationwide vaccination program should be underway.

所有處於最高層的地區將被額外檢測六週，屆時全國範圍內的疫苗接種計劃應該會進行。

I know that many of us want and need Christmas with our families.

我知道，我們很多人都希望也需要和家人一起過聖誕節。

我們覺得經過這一年的努力，我們應該得到它。

But this is not the moment to let the virus rip for the sake of Christmas parties.

但現在不是為了聖誕派對而讓病毒肆虐的時候。

But it is also the season to be jolly careful, especially with elderly relatives.

但這也是一個歡樂小心的季節，尤其是對年長的親屬。

It felt at times today as if they were to Boris Johnson's appearing from his self isolation layer here in Downing Street tonight.

今天有時感覺就像他們對鮑里斯-約翰遜今晚在唐寧街這裡從他的自我隔離層出現一樣。

Ah, highly cautious prime minister adopted a downbeat tone as he warned the country off a hard slog ahead.

啊，高度謹慎的總理採用了一種低調的語氣，他警告說，國家未來將面臨艱難的困境。

But earlier, ah, more boosterish prime minister was beamed into Parliament as he sought to reassure conservative MPs who are highly skeptical off continuing restrictions.

但早些時候，啊，更豪爽的總理被束入議會，因為他試圖安慰保守派議員誰是高度懷疑關閉繼續限制。

A former health minister sees slow moves towards a happier place.

一位前衛生部長認為，緩慢地走向一個更幸福的地方。

This is about putting together the vaccine testing on the improved test track and isolate to make sure that we can get safely through to the spring when hopefully through science, we can achieve some sort of herd immunity.

這是關於把疫苗測試放在改進的測試軌道和隔離物上，以確保我們可以安全地度過春季，屆時希望通過科學，我們可以實現某種群體免疫。

I think that's the best hope that we've got right now.

我想這是我們現在最大的希望了。

There are many, many forks left in the road.

Many people feel like they're going around the bend.

Many of us do in 2020 the year that just keeps on giving.

在2020年，我們很多人都是這樣做的，這一年，只是在不斷的付出。

But there is cautious signs for riel optimism.

但里爾樂觀主義有謹慎的跡象。

Andi Hope Labor says it's important to be cautious.

安迪-霍普工黨表示，謹慎行事很重要。

Well, I think it's right that we give people hope because it's been a terrible year felt for everyone, and we want some light at the end of the tunnel.

我覺得我們給人們希望是對的，因為這一年大家都覺得很糟糕，我們希望在隧道的盡頭有一些光亮。

But equally, we can't afford to send the message out that the virus is big because it certainly isn't.

但同樣，我們也不能發出病毒很大的資訊，因為它肯定不是。

And we know it's gonna be a considerable amount of time, possibly six months or more, before everyone will be vaccinated.

我們知道，這將是一個相當長的時間， 可能是6個月或更多， 之前，每個人都將接種疫苗。

And that's really the point that we need to get to before we can be confident that we've actually got over this.

而這才是我們真正需要達到的點，在我們能夠確信我們已經真正克服了這個問題之前。

A leading scientist believes this may be one of sciences, finest hours, but the whole scientific response to this pandemic has been quite extraordinary.

一位著名科學家認為，這可能是科學界最輝煌的時刻之一，但整個科學界對這一流行病的反應是相當不尋常的。

I mean, the very fact that it was identified and sequence within weeks of it becoming clinically apparent all the way through to developing the diagnostics, and I mean, it's been difficult to roll them out.

我的意思是，它在臨床上明顯的幾周內就被識別和排序，一直到開發診斷方法，我的意思是，它很難推廣出去。

But the idea that you could go from an unknown infection to a sequenced virus to a diagnostic to a vaccine in this period is quite unprecedented.

但你能在這個時期從未知的感染到病毒測序再到診斷再到疫苗的想法是相當空前的。

It wouldn't have been possible even five or 10 years ago, a crisp feel to the air on reassuring sites on our streets but still some way to go until normal life returns.

這在五年前、十年前也是不可能的，在我們的街道上，讓人放心的工地上，空氣中瀰漫著清新的感覺，但距離恢復正常生活還有一段路要走。

And joining us now, Professor Sir John Bell Regis, chair of medicine at Oxford University, who sits on the UK Vaccines Task Force on Lord Robert Winston Labor Peer and professor of science and society at Imperial College, London.

現在加入我們的行列，約翰-貝爾-雷吉斯爵士教授，牛津大學的醫學主席，他坐在英國疫苗工作組對羅伯特-溫斯頓勞動貴族勳爵和倫敦帝國學院的科學和社會教授。

很高興你們兩個都來了，約翰爵士。

It does feel like Oxford's Day today and the PM said, this is our route out of the pandemic.

今天確實感覺像牛津節，總理說，這是我們走出疫情的路線。

Well, I I as you know, I'm quite optimistic that we'll get ourselves out of trouble sometime over the course of the next few months.

好吧，我... ...你知道，我很樂觀，我們會擺脫麻煩 在未來幾個月的某個時候。

I've made the prediction is spring before things start to appear to be normal again, and I think that's about the right timing.

我已經做出了預測是春天，然後才開始出現正常的情況，我認為這是對的時間。

We've got mass testing, which appears to work pretty well.

我們已經進行了大規模測試，看來效果不錯。

We've got a lot of we've got a lot of arrows in the quiver that we could shoot.

我們有很多... ...我們有很多箭筒裡的箭，我們可以射擊。

So I'm fairly optimistic that things will start to move in the right direction Now, Were you always optimistic, or am I right in thinking that At one point you had doubts that you would ever get here.

所以我很樂觀地認為事情會朝著正確的方向發展 現在，你是一直很樂觀，還是我認為你曾經懷疑過你會不會到這裡來？

Well, I wasn't sure we were going to get a vaccine.

If you want to know the honest truth, I always put the odds of that of being 50% because it's hard to make vaccines to respiratory pathogens.

如果你想知道真實的真相，我總是把這個概率定為50%，因為很難做出針對呼吸道病原體的疫苗。

This was not a given on the way things were bumping along at the beginning.

這在一開始的時候，事情的顛簸方式並不是必然的。

It wasn't clear that the testing was gonna go well.

But I think now we've got reason to be optimistic.

但我覺得現在我們有理由樂觀了。

Let me ask you to explain this the 70% versus the 90% effectiveness, which I think ah, lot of people might be confused by.

我請你解釋一下這個70%與90%的效果，我想啊，很多人可能會被這個問題所迷惑。

We've heard with fighter with modern of the other vaccines that there is a higher rate now.

我們聽說用現代的其他疫苗的戰鬥機，現在有一個較高的比例。

Presumably, people won't be given a choice, will they?

大概，人們不會有選擇的權利吧？

When the vaccine comes round, or if you could choose between higher efficacy but lower side effects?

疫苗什麼時候上市，或者說，如果你能在療效較高但副作用較低的疫苗中選擇？

How does that work s just to be clear, the Pfizer vaccine and the Madonna vaccines air terrific vaccines, their brand new platform, and I think the level of efficacy they achieved is extraordinary and terrific.

如何工作的s只是為了明確，輝瑞疫苗和麥當娜疫苗空氣了不起的疫苗，他們的全新平臺，我認為他們取得的療效水準是非凡的和了不起的。

But the truth is you don't need that kind of efficacy.

但事實上，你不需要這樣的功效。

Have an effective vaccine, the flu vaccines running out about 60% efficacy.

有一個有效的疫苗，流感疫苗跑出來約60%的功效。

And I think the most important thing about the vaccine Theo Oxford after Seneca Vaccine is that when we looked at people both with the low dose and the high dose both the 70% which is the high dose high dose and the 90% which the low dose high dose and we looked for people who developed severe disease, we didn't have any in either group.

我認為最重要的事情關於疫苗西奧牛津後塞內卡疫苗是，當我們看著人們都與低劑量和高劑量兩個70％，這是高劑量高劑量和90％，低劑量高劑量和我們尋找的人誰開發的嚴重疾病，我們沒有任何在任何一組。

So it's highly effective at preventing people from being admitted to hospital with bad disease, which is what we intended toe have in the first place.

所以它能有效地防止人們帶著壞病入院，這也是我們的初衷。

So way could have a theoretical argument about one why one is better than the other.

所以方式可以有一個理論上的爭論，為什麼一個比一個好。

But the truth is, they're both pretty good at doing what we want him to dio Lord Winston that this looks like the bet has paid off.

但事實上，他們都很擅長做我們想要他做的事情，dio溫斯頓大人，這看起來像是賭注已經得到了回報。

This is pretty much vindication of the whole strategy, isn't it?

這幾乎是對整個戰略的平反，不是嗎？

Well, it's certainly a remarkable achievement.

嗯，這確實是一個了不起的成就。

There's no doubt about that, and it's congratulations to Oxford and the other universities.

這一點毋庸置疑，這是對牛津大學和其他大學的祝賀。

I think one of the really interesting things is that this is one of the first times that we've seen in recent years.

我認為真正有趣的事情之一是，這是我們近年來第一次看到的。

And I can remember where University University is really, in fact taking things right through to our product, which is then actually capable of used for health care.

而且我還記得大學大學在哪裡，其實是真正的，把東西直接拿到我們的產品上，然後真正能夠用於保健。

Usually this is done by big farmer and other companies.

So this is This is amazing, too, for academic sector.

所以這是 這是驚人的，也是學術界的。

But I'm I'm a bit concerned about the risk of humorous about the risk of being over optimistic.

但我我有點擔心幽默的風險，關於過於樂觀的風險。

I think the problem is not that the scientists, I think science is great.

我覺得問題不在於科學家，我覺得科學是偉大的。

But I regret to say that when you look back over the last eight or nine months, the government has not really being trusted and it still isn't trusted.

但是我很遺憾的說，當你回顧過去八九個月的時候，政府並沒有真正的被信任，它仍然不被信任。

It's interested in messaging, but it's not interested in communication.

它對資訊傳遞感興趣，但對交流不感興趣。

I think that's a really problem because so much of the time we're getting top down messages which aren't really intelligible on.

我認為這是一個真正的問題，因為很多時候我們得到的是自上而下的資訊，而這些資訊並不是真正可以理解的上。

我們已經看到了一系列的失敗。

For example, we've seen testing trace, which was a shambles.

比如我們看到的測試痕跡，那是一塌糊塗。

We've seen problems with healthcare workers being exposed unnecessarily to the virus and so on.

我們已經看到醫護人員不必要地接觸病毒等問題。

And I think that's a real problem now because there are a lot of young people who are really very, very skeptical on somewhat suspicious.

我認為這是一個真正的問題，現在，因為有很多年輕人誰是真的非常，非常懷疑對有些可疑。

And so we've got to do something about that because, of course, skeptical to the point where they wouldn't take the vaccine.

所以我們得做點什麼，因為，當然，懷疑到他們不會打疫苗。

Well, I think there are a lot of anti vax is around you, and you have to look out the social media to see that that's a That's a problem for Start.

好吧，我認為有很多的反Vax是在你身邊，你必須看出來的社交媒體，這是一個 這是一個問題的開始。

But I suppose one of the issues, of course, is that you know there's a there's an ethical difference.

但我想，其中一個問題，當然，是你知道有一個有一個道德差異。

A Sir John will tell you between giving a vaccine from giving a normal drug, because with the vaccine you're treating a vast number of people, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, perhaps even mawr.

約翰爵士會告訴你給疫苗和給普通藥物之間的區別，因為用疫苗你要治療的是大量的人，幾萬，幾十萬，甚至可能是幾百萬。

But of course, those are, well, people that not being treated for an illness that they've yet got.

但是，當然，這些都是，好了，人，不被治療的疾病，他們還沒有得到。

Actually, to some extent, I mean, that was a long time ago way history relates.

其實，在某種程度上，我是說，那是很久以前的歷史關係方式。

Sir John, the PM said that this is never going to be mandatory, so Do you have that same concern?

約翰爵士，總理說過，這永遠不會是強制性的，那麼你也有同樣的擔心嗎？

I mean, I think the Australian airline Qantas has said for example, it will be a necessity for flying with them.

我的意思是，我認為澳洲航空公司澳航已經說過，比如，這將是他們飛行的必要條件。