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  • David Handley: I'm David Handley with the University of Maine Cooperative Extension.

    David Handley:我'是緬因大學合作推广部的David Handley。

  • And today, we're going to talk about pruning raspberries. Now, the proper time to prune

    而今天,我們'要談談修剪樹莓的問題。現在,適當的時間修剪

  • raspberries is really any time after they go dormant. So, this can happen at any time

    覆盆子其實就是它們進入休眠期後的任何時間。所以,這可能發生在任何時候

  • from November right through March. Personally, I prefer to do it in the late winter/early

    從十一月一直到三月。就個人而言,我更喜歡在冬末冬初的時候進行。

  • spring in March. This is because as the older canes are dying, they're sending sugars and

    三月的春天。這是因為隨著老藤的死亡,他們'送糖和。

  • carbohydrates and nutrients back down to the root system, which will help next year's canes

    碳水化合物和養分回落到根系,這將有助於明年'的藤條。

  • get through the winter. Now, when we're pruning raspberries, we're

    熬過冬天。現在,當我們修剪覆盆子的時候,我們是

  • looking to accomplish three things. We can do them at the same time, but I'll lay them

    尋找完成三件事。我們可以同時進行,但我'會把它們放在

  • out for you. The first is that we're going to narrow up the row because every year the

    為你出。首先是我們'要縮小行,因為每年的

  • raspberries rows tend to get wider and wider. And you want to narrow that row up to about

    覆盆子的行數往往會越來越寬。而你要把這一行縮小到約1.

  • two feet to about one and a half feet wide. The second thing we want to do is get rid

    兩英尺到大約一英尺半寬。我們要做的第二件事是擺脫...

  • of all of the canes that fruited last year. These are called spent floricanes fruiting

    的所有藤條,去年結果的。這些被稱為乏味的floricanes果實。

  • canes that have already fruited. These canes are dead. They're just getting in the way

    已經結果的藤條。這些藤條是死的。他們只是得到的方式。

  • and taking up space. So, all of those are going to come out.

    並佔用空間。所以,這些都是要出來的。

  • Then, the final thing we're going to do is thin the remaining canes such that there's

    然後,我們要做的最後一件事就是把剩下的藤條變細,這樣就可以了。

  • only three or four canes per linear foot. OK. So, this is going to look very thin when

    只有三或四個藤條每線性英尺。好的。所以,這將是看起來非常薄的,當

  • we're all done. And we're going to be taking up the majority of the canes that you see

    我們'都完成了。而我們將佔據你所看到的大部分的手杖。

  • here now. As you approach the planting, you'll notice

    現在這裡。當你走近種植時,你會發現

  • there are really three kinds of canes that you're dealing with. First, are those spent

    真的有三種手杖,你'處理。首先,是那些花

  • floricanes that we talked about. These have gray peeling bark. And they also have these

    我們說過的floricanes。這些有灰色的樹皮。他們也有這些

  • remains of little branches on them that we call the fruiting laterals. Any cane that's

    殘餘的小分支在他們身上,我們稱之為果實側線。任何甘蔗,'的

  • showing this gray peeling bark and has these old fruiting shoots on them should come out.

    呈現出這種灰色的樹皮剝落,上面有這些老果芽應該出來了。

  • These canes are dead anyway. When you cut into them, you'll see there's nothing but

    反正這些藤條都是死的。當你切開他們,你會看到有'什麼都沒有,但。

  • brown wood in there. There's no green tissue, living tissue, at all. All of these come out.

    棕色的木材在那裡。沒有綠色組織,活的組織,在所有。所有這些都出來了。

  • The next type of cane you'll run into are a lot of weak spindly canes, very thin, very

    下一種手杖,你'會碰到很多弱小的細長手杖,很細,很。

  • short, they don't reach the trellis wires, which we'll see in a minute. These just aren't

    短,他們不'達到棚架線,我們'將在一分鐘內看到。這些只是不';不

  • going to produce very good fruit. If they're thin and short like this, all of these should

    會結出非常好的果實。如果它們像這樣又細又短,這些都應該是

  • come out as well. Finally, and hopefully, we're going to have

    也出來了。最後,也希望我們'要有。

  • a good selection of nice thick fruiting canes. These, if you peel the bark back a little

    一個很好的選擇 漂亮的厚果甘蔗。這些,如果你把樹皮剝開一點的話

  • bit, you'll see they have green shoots. You'll notice that instead of the shooting laterals

    位,你'會看到他們有綠芽。你會注意到,而不是射擊側線。

  • that we saw in the spent floricanes, these just have buds. Now, in the springtime, these

    我們看到的廢花草,這些只是有芽。現在,在春天的時候,這些

  • buds are going to break and give us fruiting shoots. And that's our crop for that next

    芽是要打破 並給我們的果實芽。而這就是我們接下來的收成

  • year. So, this is what we want to keep. And we want

    年。所以,這是我們想保留的。而且我們希望

  • to look for the thickest basal diameter, in other words, the thickest stems and good height,

    要找基徑最粗的,換句話說,就是莖部最粗,高度也要好。

  • OK, so that they'll reach the trellis wire and we can attach them. So, these are the

    好了,所以他們'會達到棚架線,我們可以連接他們。所以,這些都是

  • ones we want to save as long as they are within that two foot width perimeter that we've set

    只要在我們設定的兩英尺寬的範圍內,我們就可以保存我們想要保存的東西

  • up for ourselves. Now, you can see here, here's a raspberry

    為我們自己。現在,你可以看到這裡,這裡'是一個樹莓。

  • row. This variety happens to be Boyne, one of my favorite varieties. And you can see

    行。這個品種正好是博因,是我最喜歡的品種之一。你可以看到

  • the row width here has gone out to three, even four feet, even though we started with

    這裡的行寬已經到了三英尺,甚至四英尺,儘管我們開始時的行寬是

  • a row that was only a couple of feet wide. And that's because the new shoots, as they

    一排,只有幾英尺寬。而這是因為新芽,因為它們

  • came up during the summer were looking for light and less competition.

    夏天的時候上來的都是找光,競爭少。

  • So, they're getting here. We don't want them. If we allow these canes to go ahead and leaf

    所以,他們要來了。我們不'不希望他們。如果我們允許這些藤條去前進和葉子。

  • out next year, they're going to be shading out all the canes in the middle. And I'll

    明年出來,他們'會在中間遮擋所有的藤條。而我'會

  • have lots of fruit rot problems. And I won't want to have to reach in there through all

    有很多水果腐爛的問題。而我不想在那裡通過所有的達到。

  • these thorny canes to harvest that fruit. So, I'll loose a lot of it.

    這些帶刺的手杖 收穫水果。所以,我'會失去很多。

  • So, initially, using some nice, sharp loppers, and some good thick gloves, because these

    所以,最初,使用一些漂亮的,鋒利的剪子, 和一些良好的厚厚的手套,因為這些...

  • are thorny and I always like to wear safety glasses because these are thorns and they're

    是帶刺的,我總是喜歡戴安全眼鏡,因為這些都是刺,他們'。

  • sticks running around your face all over the place, we can get started just cutting them

    臉上到處都是棍子,我們可以把它們切開就可以開始了

  • right at the base. And, as you're cutting, you can just pull those canes that you've

    在基地的權利。而當你在切割的時候 你可以把你的手杖拉出來

  • cut out of the way, throw them into the row, middle, so that you can collect them later.

    割出來的,扔到行,中間,以後可以收集。

  • We're not going to leave these behind because these can be a source of disease problems

    我們不會留下這些,因為這些可能是疾病問題的來源。

  • for us next year. So, everything we've cut out, when we're all done, is going to be dragged

    為我們明年。所以,一切我們已經削減了, 當我們'都完成了,將被拖動

  • out of here and either chopped up and put into the compost pile, or burned, or taken

    離開這裡,要麼剁碎了放進堆肥裡,要麼燒掉,要麼帶走

  • to the local dump, but not left here. OK. Now, that we've got this row pruned, you

    到當地的垃圾場,但不是留在這裡。好了,現在,我們已經把這一行修剪好了現在,我們已經得到了這一行修剪,你。

  • can see how narrow the base is. We're trying to keep that row width at the base about to

    可以看到基地是多麼的狹窄。我們正試圖保持該行的寬度在底部約為。

  • a foot and a half to two feet wide. And then, you can see our trellis wires at about four

    一英尺半到兩英尺寬。然後,你可以看到我們的棚架線 在大約4個月的時間。

  • feet, are spread to about three and a half feet wide. And what we're going to do with

    英尺,被傳播到大約三英尺半寬。而我們'要做的是什麼?

  • the nice canes that we left behind is attach them to this trellis wire.

    我們留下的漂亮的藤條是連接他們到這個棚架線。

  • Now, what you use to attach them is really whatever works best for you. Old bread twist

    現在,你用什麼來連接它們,其實就是任何最適合你的東西。舊麵包扭

  • ties work pretty well, just take that cane, wrap the twist tie around it, and get it on

    紮帶很好用,只要把那根手杖,把麻花紮帶纏在上面,然後把它弄上。

  • fairly tight so that the wind is not going to be able to blow it around too much.

    相當緊,這樣風就不會把它吹得太厲害。

  • There are some other things you can buy that have recently become popular here, some little

    這裡還有一些最近流行的東西可以買,有些小

  • rubber bands with a little T on the end of them that can be used. And, in this case,

    橡皮筋的末端有一個小T字,可以使用。而且,在這種情況下。

  • you just grab it. Bring the rubber band around. And that little T just grabs the other end

    你只要抓住它。把橡皮筋帶過來而那個小T只是抓住了另一端。

  • of the rubber band. So, that holds fairly well. It works better on thicker canes.

    的橡皮筋。所以,這保持得相當好。對較粗的手杖效果更好。

  • If you're a home gardener and like to grow vegetables, you're probably familiar with

    如果你'是一個家庭園丁,並喜歡種植蔬菜,你'可能熟悉的。

  • different types of tomato clips. These are just little plastic rings that you can use

    不同類型的番茄夾子。這些只是小塑膠環,你可以使用

  • to clip plants on. And these will also work fairly well. We just take a cane, clip both

    來夾住植物。而這些也會相當好用。我們只需要拿一根手杖,夾住兩個

  • the wire and the cane and leave it there. And that's just so that the cane can't be

    鐵絲和手杖,並把它留在那裡。而這只是為了讓手杖不能被

  • allowed to bounce back into the middle. And also, we have machines that'll do this

    允許反彈到中間。而且,我們有機器,'會做到這一點。

  • for you. These are called tapeners. And, in this case, you just grab the cane and you

    為你。這些被稱為tapeners。而且,在這種情況下,你只需抓住手杖和你

  • put a little piece of plastic over it. And it works like a staple gun. You just grab

    在上面放一小塊塑膠。它的工作原理就像一個訂書機槍。你只要抓住

  • that, and then a staple clips it, releases it, and gives you a little piece that holds

    然後用訂書機夾住它,釋放它,給你一個小片子,把它夾住。

  • on to the cane pretty well there. These are fast and relatively efficient, but you have

    在手杖上很好的有。這些都是快速和相對有效的,但你有

  • to buy a lot of tape and a lot of staples for them. And, because they're plastic, they

    買了很多膠帶和很多訂書釘。而且,因為他們'塑膠,他們。

  • will be here for a long time. Remember, we're going to take these off next year after these

    會在這裡呆很久。請記住,我們'明年要把這些關閉後,這些。

  • canes are fruited because we'll be pruning them out. And you'll have lots of little bits

    甘蔗是果實,因為我們'將修剪他們。而且你將會有很多小位子

  • of plastic to deal with. So, one way to get around that is to use the

    的塑膠來處理。所以,有一種方法可以解決這個問題,那就是使用?

  • old fashioned method which is just using some bailing twine or cotton string, whatever is

    老式的方法,就是用一些捆綁繩或棉繩,不管是什麼

  • available to you, and just taking the cane, spreading them to the wire, and just giving

    可供你使用的,只是拿著手杖,把它們撒在鐵絲上,然後給

  • them a simple knot, either a slip knot or a granny knot or a square knot, anything works

    他們一個簡單的結,無論是一個滑結或婆婆結或方結,任何工作都可以

  • pretty well just grab both the cane and the trellis wire. And what I like about these

    很好,只是抓住藤條和棚架線。而我喜歡這些

  • is that you can get it fairly tight. It's fast if you fill your pocket full of little

    是,你可以得到它相當緊。如果你的口袋裡裝滿了小東西,它就會很快

  • bits of string cut to eight or 10 inches. And then, next year, when I'm going to prune

    繩子的位切成8或10英寸。然後,明年,當我'要修剪的時候

  • this out, I can just clip this off with a pair of scissors and it will fall to the ground.

    這個出來,我可以直接用剪刀把它剪下來,它就會掉到地上。

  • It will bio degrade. I don't have to worry about plastic all over the place.

    它會生物降解。我不用擔心塑膠到處都是。

  • Now, the idea here is we're going to attach all of these to the trellis wire to spread

    現在,這裡的想法是我們'將所有這些連接到棚架線,以傳播

  • these canes out such that, here, we're going to have them spread out to three feet at the

    這些手杖出來,這樣,在這裡,我們'要有他們傳播出三英尺在。

  • base or a foot and a half. When, we're all done, we should have a nice V effect that's

    基地或一英尺半。當我們全部完成後,我們應該有一個很好的V形效果,這就是我們的目標。

  • going to allow the sun to come down and provide plenty of light and air movement through this

    要讓太陽下山,並提供充足的光照和空氣流動,通過這個。

  • planting to make sure that we're not going to have a lot of disease problems.

    種植,以確保我們'不會有很多疾病問題。

  • The other thing this is going to do is put all of our fruiting canes on the outside.

    這是要做的另一件事,就是把我們所有的果蔗都放在外面。

  • And then, our new canes that'll fruit next year are going to be coming up in the middle

    然後,我們明年會結出果實的新藤條會在中間出現。

  • where we want them, and we won't have to fight our way through those thorny primocanes to

    在我們想要的地方,我們不會有打我們的方式 通過那些荊棘的primocanes,以

  • get to our fruiting canes. So, let's tie these up and take a good look at what the finished

    到我們的果蔗。所以,讓我們把這些綁起來,好好看看成品的東西。

  • product should look like. You can see we finished pruning. We've left

    產品應該的樣子。你可以看到我們完成了修剪。我們已經離開了

  • only the primocanes from last year. We've taken out all those dead floricanes. We've

    只有去年的primocanes。我們已經採取了所有這些死亡的floricanes。我們已經

  • removed all the scrawny growth. We've narrowed up the base of the plant so that, the row

    去除了所有瘦弱的生長。我們'已經縮小了植物的基礎,所以,這行

  • planting, so we're only about two feet wide at the base and we spread them out to about

    種植,所以我們'只有大約兩英尺寬的基礎上,我們傳播了他們到約

  • three feet up towards the tops of the canes. So, if you look down the row, you see we have

    三英尺高的藤條的頂部。所以,如果你往下看,你會發現我們有。

  • this lovely V effect. And that's just what you want to see in a raspberry planting.

    這種可愛的V型效果。而這正是你想在樹莓種植中看到的。

  • Now, I like to leave the tops on. Some people like to ask, shouldn't I tip the raspberry

    現在,我喜歡把頂部留在上面。有些人喜歡問,我不應該'小費的覆盆子。

  • planting and cut the tips off? Well, the fact is that if you do that, you're cutting off

    種植和切斷尖端?嗯,事實上,如果你這樣做,你'切斷。

  • all these buds that are going to be fruiting laterals for you next year. If your canes

    所有這些芽,將是果實橫向為你明年。如果你的藤條

  • are so tall that you're not going to be able to reach them, when they're going to bend

    是如此之高,你'將無法達到他們,當他們將彎曲

  • over the wire, you can trim back a little bit. Just remember this rule of thumb, if

    在電線上,你可以稍微修剪一下。只要記住這個經驗法則,如果

  • you cut off more than 25 percent of the cane tip, you're seriously reducing your yield.

    你砍掉超過25%的蔗尖,你'嚴重降低你的產量。

  • So our planting is good to go. We're all set for the winter. And we're going to have a

    所以我們的種植是可以的。我們都準備好過冬了。而我們將有一個。

  • real good crop on this for next year, and we'll be ready to set up for a good summer

    真正的好莊稼在這為明年,我們'將準備好設置一個良好的夏季。

  • of raspberries. [music]

    的覆盆子。[音樂]

David Handley: I'm David Handley with the University of Maine Cooperative Extension.

David Handley:我'是緬因大學合作推广部的David Handley。

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