字幕列表 影片播放 由 AI 自動生成 列印所有字幕 列印翻譯字幕 列印英文字幕 Hello. This is 6 Minute English from 你好,這裡是6分鐘英語這裡是6分鐘英語,來自 BBC Learning English. I'm Neil. BBC學習英語。我是尼爾。 And I'm Georgina. 我是喬治娜 Last November Nasa launched 去年11月,美國國家航空航天局發射了 a very unusual home delivery 尋常人家 service - a rocket carrying 服務----火箭運載 four tonnes of supplies to the 四噸的物資,以備不時之需。 ISS - the International Space Station. ISS -- -- 國際空間站; Among the scientific equipment were 這些科學設備包括 twelve bottles of red wine 樽酒 from the famous Bordeaux 來自著名的波爾多 region of France. 法國地區: The astronauts might have wanted 太空人可能想 a glass of wine with dinner, 一杯酒與晚餐。 but the real purpose of 而真正 the bottles was to explore the possibility 瓶子是為了探索 of producing food and drink in space - not 在太空中生產食物和飲料----不 for astronauts but for people 為太空人,但為人 back on Earth. 回到地球上。 In today's programme we'll be finding out 在今天的節目中,我們會發現 how growing plants in space 如何在太空種植物 can develop crops 能種莊稼 which are more productive and more 產量更高、更 resistant to climate change here on Earth. 在地球上抵抗氣候變化。 And we'll hear how plants can grow 我們會聽到植物如何生長 in environments with little or 的環境中,很少或 no natural light. But first, 沒有自然光。但首先。 today's quiz question: what was the first 今天的問答題:第一個是什麼? food grown in space? Was it: 太空中生長的食物?是這樣的 a) potatoes, b) lettuce, or c) tomatoes? a)洋芋,b)生菜,還是c)西紅柿? Well, in the film, The Martian, a stranded 在電影《火星人》中,一個滯留的... ... astronaut grows potatoes on Mars. 太空人在火星上種植洋芋。 I know it's 我知道是這樣的 only a film but I'll say a) potatoes! 只是一部電影,但我要說的是a)洋芋! OK. We'll find out the answer later. Now, 好吧,我們稍後再找答案。我們稍後就會知道答案。現在就去吧 you might be wondering how 你可能想知道如何 it's possible to 可以 grow plants without natural light. 在沒有自然光的情況下種植植物。 British company Vertical Future 英國公司Vertical Future has been working on 一直致力於 this problem by developing indoor 這個問題,發展室內 farming methods in partnership 夥伴關係的農業方法 with Nasa. 與美國國家航空航天局。 Here's their Head of Research, 這是他們的研究主管。 Jen Bromley, explaining the process Jen Bromley,解釋過程 to BBC World Service 英國廣播公司世界服務部 programme, The Food Chain: 節目《食物鏈》。 Basically we use LED lighting and we use 基本上我們使用LED照明,我們使用 LED lights that are tuned to LED燈,被調整為 a specific wavelength. 某一特定波長。 So, if you image what the rainbow looks 所以,如果你想象一下彩虹的樣子 like, the reason a plant looks 就像,植物看起來的原因 green is because 綠色是因為 it's not using all the green light - it actually 它並沒有使用所有的綠光 - 它實際上 reflects a lot of that back. So the reason 反映了很多的問題。所以原因 why it looks pink in here is because we're 為什麼它看起來粉紅色在這裡是因為我們是 actually only using red light and blue light 實際上只用紅光和藍光 to grow the plants, and that essentially 來種植植物,而這基本上 tailors the light diet so that 定製清淡飲食,以便 the plants look kind of black 芔茻 when you look at them because 當你看著他們,因為 they're not reflecting any light - they're 它們不反射任何光線 - 它們是 being super-efficient, 是超高效的。 they're using up every photon 耗盡光子 that hits them. 打他們的。 The lack of natural light in space means 空間缺乏自然光意味著 that plants are grown using 植物的種植使用 LED lights - LED is LED燈--LED是 an abbreviation of 'light emitting diode' 發光二極管的簡稱 - an electronic device that lights up when - 亮了 electricity is passed through it. 電是通過它。 On Earth plants look green because they 在地球上,植物看起來是綠色的,因為它們 reflect back any light travelling 迴光返照 at a certain wavelength - 在一定的波長上 - the distance between two waves of light 兩波光程 which make things appear 顯得 to us in the various 我們在各 colours of the rainbow. 彩虹的顏色。 But when scientists control the 但當科學家控制了 wavelengths being fed, plants 被餵養的波長,植物 are able to absorb every 能夠吸收每一個 photon - particle of light energy, 光子--光能粒子。 making them appear black. 使他們顯得很黑。 Each particle of light that hits the leaves 每一粒光打在葉子上 is absorbed and through 被吸收,並通過 photosynthesis is 光合作用是 converted into plant food. Nasa 轉化為植物的食物。Nasa found that different colour 發現不同顏色 combinations, or light recipes, 組合,或清淡的食譜。 can change a plant's shape, size 可以改變植物的形狀、大小 and even flavour. 甚至是味道。 But the lack of natural light isn't the 但是,缺乏自然光並不是最重要的 biggest obstacle to 最大的障礙 growing food in space. Here's 在太空中種植食物。這裡是 Gioia Massa, chief plant scientist Gioia Massa,首席植物科學家。 at the Kennedy Space Centre 在肯尼迪航天中心 in Florida, to explain: 在佛羅里達州,解釋。 Microgravity is really challenging but 微重力真的很有挑戰性,但 plants are amazing! They can 植物是驚人的!它們可以 adapt to so many different 千變萬化 environments - we call this plasticity 環境--我們稱之為可塑性 because they can turn on or off 因為他們可以打開或關閉 their genes to really 他們的基因真正 adapt to all sorts of conditions and that's 適應各種條件,這就是...。 why you see plants growing 為什麼你看到植物生長 in different areas 各地 on Earth - the same type of plant 地球上的同類植物 may look very different 貌合神離 because it's adapting to the 因為它在適應 environment in that specific location. 該特定地點的環境。 On Earth, plants use gravity to position 在地球上,植物利用重力來定位 themselves - shoots grow up, 自己--嫩芽長大。 roots grow down. But this 根部向下生長。但這 doesn't apply in space because of 在太空中不適用,因為 microgravity - the weaker pull 微重力--較弱的拉力 of gravity making things 萬有引力 float and seem weightless. 飄飄然,似乎沒有重量。 Plants can only survive in these 植物只能在這些地方生存 conditions due to their 狀況,因為它們 plasticity - the ability of living 可塑性 organisms to adapt and cope with 生物適應和應對 changes in the environment 環境變化 by changing their biological 通過改變他們的生物學特性 structure. 結構。 Plants adapt themselves to being 植物適應自己被 in space by manipulating their 在空間中通過操縱它們的 genes - chemicals and 基因-化學品和 DNA in the cells of plants and animals 植物和動物細胞中的DNA which control their development 控制其發展的 and behaviour. 和行為。 In the low-gravity atmosphere of space, 在太空的低重力大氣中。 plants become stressed but 植株受壓,但 they adapt genetically. 他們從基因上適應。 And as a result they're stronger and 是以,他們更強壯和 more resilient to other, less 更能抵禦其他,更少 stressful events 緊張事件 when they return home to Earth. 當他們回到地球的家時。 Like those bottles of red wine orbiting 就像那些圍繞著紅葡萄酒的瓶子 Earth as we speak. 我們所說的地球。 The effects of microgravity on 微重力對 the wine's organic composition will be 葡萄酒的有機成分將是 studied and could hopefully 研究,並可望 offer solutions for growing 提供成長的解決方案 food in Earth's changing climate. 地球氣候變化中的食物。 So, Neil, if it wasn't red grapes, what 所以,尼爾,如果不是紅葡萄,那是什麼? was the first food grown in space? 是第一個在太空種植的食物? Ah yes, in today's quiz question I asked 啊,對了,在今天的問答題中,我問道 what the first plant grown in space was. 在太空中生長的第一種植物是什麼。 I said, a) potatoes. 我說,一)洋芋。 But in fact it was... b) lettuce - grown 但實際上是......b)生菜--種植的 over fifteen months on the ISS, 在國際空間站上超過15個月。 then eaten in fifteen 十五分鐘就能吃完 minutes in the first ever space salad. 分鐘,在史上第一個空間沙拉。 Today we've been discussing the 今天我們一直在討論 possibilities of growing plants 栽種的可能性 in space using LED lights 在太空中使用LED燈 - devices that use electricity - 用電設備 to produce light. 以產生光。 The energy needed for plants to grow is 植物生長所需的能量是 contained in photons - or light 光子 particles, travelling 粒子,旅行 at different wavelengths - distances 在不同的波長--距離 between light waves which 光波之間 make things look different 變臉 colours. 峅。 Plants have evolved over millennia using 植物經過幾千年的進化,利用 the strong gravity on Earth. 地球上的強大引力。 But this changes 但這一變化 in space because of microgravity - the 在太空中,由於微重力--------------------------。 weaker gravitational pull making 弱引力 things in space 太空中的東西 float and seem weightless. 飄飄然,似乎沒有重量。 Luckily plants use their genes - the 幸運的是,植物利用它們的基因------。 chemicals in DNA responsible 罪魁禍首 for growth - to adapt to 適應成長--適應 new environments by changing their 新環境下,通過改變其 biological structure - a process 生物結構--過程 known as plasticity. 稱為可塑性。 All of which makes it possible for 所有這些都使得 astronauts to enjoy a glass 航天員喝杯酒 of wine and green salad in 酒菜 space. 空間: And genetically stronger plants 而基因更強的植物 specimens to study back on Earth. 標本回地球研究。 That's all for today but join us again soon 今天就到這裡吧,不過很快就會再來的。 at 6 Minute English. Bye for now! 在6分鐘英語。暫時再見! Bye! 再見!
B1 中級 中文 植物 太空 種植 地球 微重力 生長 太空中的食物 - 6分鐘英語 (Food made in space - 6 Minute English) 28 10 林宜悉 發佈於 2020 年 10 月 23 日 更多分享 分享 收藏 回報 影片單字