Name: 我是如何在頂級醫學院設置曲線的｜高級考試技巧。 (How I Set the Curve at a Top Medical School | Advanced Test Taking Skills)
Uploaded: 2020-10-08T20:45:32.000Z
Duration: 9 min 47 s

In the world of study strategies and student optimization, we often focus on acquiring

在學習策略和學生優化的世界裡，我們往往注重獲取

the proper knowledge for high test scores. Spaced repetition, active recall, all that

適當的知識，以獲得聯考分數。隔空重複，主動回憶，所有這些

fun stuff. But have you noticed that when you and your study partner study the same

有趣的東西。但你有沒有注意到，當你和你的學習夥伴學習同一

material using the same study strategies, one of you can score much higher than the

使用相同的學習策略的材料，你們中的一個人的分數可以遠遠高於其他的人。

other? This often comes down to test taking strategies. Here's how you can improve your

其他？這往往歸結於應試策略。以下是你如何提高你的

As I've spoken about in a previous video, there are three domains that determine your

正如我在之前的視頻中講到的，有三個領域決定了你的

student performance: memorization, critical thinking, and test taking skills. No single

學生的表現：記憶、批判性思維和應試技巧。沒有單一的

factor in isolation will earn you stellar grades in class. But by assessing and addressing

孤立的因素會讓你在課堂上獲得優異的成績。但通過評估和解決

your weaknesses across these domains, you'll be in a much better position. Let's focus

你在這些領域的弱點，你將處於一個更好的位置。讓我們聚焦於

The first step in improving your test taking strategies is assessing your strengths and

改善應試策略的第一步是評估自己的優勢和。

If you find yourself forgetting what you studied on test day, then this likely points to deficits

如果你發現自己在考試當天忘記了學習的內容，那麼這很可能說明你有缺陷

in your study strategies, which we've discussed extensively on my Study Strategy Playlist.

在你的學習策略中，我們已經在我的學習策略播放列表中廣泛討論過。

Alternatively, if you find yourself blanking out or freezing during tests, this can point

另外，如果你發現自己在測試過程中出現了空白或凍結，這可能會指向

to mismanaged test taking anxiety. Understand per the stress-response curve, some amount

到管理不善的考試焦慮。根據壓力-反應曲線理解，一定量的。

of stress is actually helpful in your performance on the test. However, if your self talk is

的壓力，其實對你的考試成績是有幫助的。但是，如果你的自言自語是

not serving you, the elevated sympathetic nervous system response can be interpreted

不為你服務，交感神經系統反應的升高可以解釋為

in a limiting rather than empowering frame.

在一個限制性而非授權性的框架內。

If you find yourself running out of time on tests, then you need to use practice questions

如果你發現自己的考試時間不多了，那麼你需要使用練習題

to dial in your pacing and become more adept at thinking clearly and decisively with time

來調整你的節奏，更善於用時間來清晰和果斷地思考問題

If you're missing more multiple choice or essay based or problem solving questions,

如果你還缺少更多的選擇題或作文類或解題。

see if you can understand the pattern as to why. Here's how this helped me. In college,

看看你能不能理解這個模式的原因。以下是對我的幫助。在大學的時候。

I majored in neuroscience, and in Neuro M145 with Dr. Chandler, we spent the entire course

我主修的是神經科學，在神經M145中和錢德勒博士一起，我們花了整整一個課程

covering all the nuances and forms of action potentials. Nothing else — just action potentials.

涵蓋了動作電位的所有細微差別和形式。沒有別的--只有動作電位。

I had already been accepted into my top choice medical school and senioritis had set in hard,

我已經被我的首選醫學院錄取了，高三炎已經硬生生的紮了下來。

so I barely studied for the test. But to my surprise, I still scored the second highest

所以我幾乎沒有學習考試。但出乎我意料的是，我還是考了第二高的分數。

on our midterm. One of the questions worth several points that most people missed was

在我們的期中考試中。其中有一道價值幾分的題，大部分人都沒有做，那就是

a question where we had to use our understanding of previous concepts to synthesize principles

一道題，我們必須用我們對以前概念的理解來綜合原理。

to a novel situation. I also took Psych 118, Comparative Psychobiology, known to be one

到一個新奇的情況。我還選修了Psych 118，比較心理生物學，眾所周知，這是一個

of the easiest classes that fulfilled my major requirements, and because of seniorities,

的最簡單的課程，滿足了我的專業要求，而且因為資歷。

again I hadn't studied much. No worries, it's supposed to be an easy class. But on

我又沒怎麼學過。不用擔心，這應該是一門簡單的課。但在

my midterm, I got a B! Unlike the neuroscience essay based test, this test was almost purely

我的期中考試，我得了B!與神經科學的論文測試不同，這個測試幾乎是純粹的。

This helped me identify weaknesses and guide my studying moving forward in medical school

這有助於我找出薄弱環節，指導我在醫學院的學習前行

— I understood that memorization didn't come naturally to me, and it required a more

- 我明白，記憶對我來說並不是自然而然的事，它需要一個更

targeted approach. On the other hand, novel problem solving was something I could spend

有針對性的方法。另一方面，新穎的問題解決是我可以花

Any time you receive your prior quizzes or tests back, don't simply focus on what your

任何時候，當你收到你之前的測驗或測試回來的時候，不要只關注你的。

score is. Rather, go through the test and see what you got wrong and understand why

分數是。而是通過考試，看看自己錯在哪裡，瞭解原因。

you got it wrong. Are there patterns of what you tend to get correct or incorrect? What

你把它弄錯了。你傾向於得到正確或錯誤的東西是否有模式？哪些

about when you miss a question — is it a silly mistake in you not reading the question

關於當你錯過了一個問題 - 它是一個愚蠢的錯誤，在你不看問題。

stem properly? Maybe you missed a key modifier like “except” or “not”. Identify your

莖正確嗎？也許你漏掉了一個關鍵的修飾詞，比如 "除了 "或 "不是"。識別你的

problem areas related to content, types of questions, timing, memory, and problem-solving

與內容、題型、時間、記憶和解決問題有關的問題領域。

When approaching a test, I don't have a simple-to-learn and easy-to-digest formula

在接近考試時，我沒有一個簡單易學、容易消化的公式。

that helps me navigate each question. The strategies I employ are the culmination of

幫助我瀏覽每個問題。我所採用的策略是以下幾點的結晶

2 decades of schooling, and it's all a bit interconnected and jumbled.

20年的學業，都有點相互聯繫，雜亂無章。

First and most fundamentally is my self-talk. If I approach a test with confidence and a

首先，最根本的是我的自我對話。如果我滿懷信心地對待考試，並以

positive mindset, believing I'll do well, then I'm much more likely to score highly.

積極的心態，相信我會做得很好，那麼我就更容易獲得高分。

On the other hand, if I have a bad feeling about it and am worried about my performance,

另一方面，如果我有不好的預感，擔心自己的表現。

If you struggle with your self talk, there are 3 strategies to consider. First, improve

如果你為自己的自言自語而苦惱，有3個策略可以考慮。首先，改善

your preparation. If you're better prepared and know you've put in the time and effort,

你的準備。如果你準備得比較充分，知道自己已經付出了時間和精力。

it's much more natural to transition to positive self talk. Second, approach the test

過渡到積極的自我對話就會自然很多。第二，接近測試

as a game or a challenge for you to prove yourself. It can be adversarial, meaning you

作為一個遊戲或挑戰，讓你證明自己。它可以是對抗性的，意味著你

versus the test, or it can be a fun game where you can see how well you do — maybe even

與測試，或者它可以是一個有趣的遊戲，在那裡你可以看到你做得多好 - 也許甚至是

a bit of friendly competition with your friends to see who can do best. And third, when you

與你的朋友們進行一點友好的競爭，看看誰能做得最好。第三，當你

catch yourself in limiting self-talk, challenge it directly and ask yourself some simple questions.

抓住自己的限制性自我對話，直接挑戰它，問自己一些簡單的問題。

Is this self-talk serving me? Do I believe that I can do well on this test? Does this

這種自言自語對我有用嗎？我相信自己能在這次考試中取得好成績嗎？這個

test even know who I am or what I have in store for it?

測試甚至知道我是誰或者我有什麼打算？

When approaching a multiple choice question, there are a few strategies to consider. First,

在對待選擇題的時候，有幾個策略可以考慮。第一：

if it's a long question stem, such as what you'd find on USMLE Step 1, I'll go to

如果是長題幹，比如你會在USMLE Step 1上發現的，我會到

the last sentence of the question stem and then read the answer choices. This helps guide

題乾的最後一句話，然後閱讀答案選擇。這有助於引導

me with regards to what to focus on and buzzwords to be on the lookout for.

我關於要關注的內容和要注意的流行語。

After reading the question and answer choices, I cross out answers that I know are wrong

看完問題和答案選擇後，我把知道是錯誤的答案劃掉。

— it's important here to only cross out choices I can truly rule out.

- 這裡很重要的一點是，只劃掉我真正能排除的選擇。

When I get stuck between two answer choices, and I acknowledge either can be correct, I

當我在兩個答案之間卡住了，我承認任何一個答案都可能是正確的，我就會

ask myself which one is more true. Which answer choice has a stronger case for it, and which

問我自己，哪一個更正確。哪個答案選擇的理由更充分，哪個

can I imagine the professor explaining to be the right answer? I will also ask myself,

我可以想象教授的解釋是正確的答案嗎？我也會問自己。

“for this answer choice to be true, what else must be true?” For any given answer

"要想這個答案選擇是真的，還有什麼必須是真的？"對於任何給定的答案

choice to be true, a series of assumptions must be made that are congruent with that

的選擇是真實的，必須做出一系列與該選擇一致的假設。

answer choice. This helps me narrow down the correct choice based on the plausibility of

答案選擇。這有助於我根據以下的合理性縮小正確的選擇範圍。

Another useful tactic is to extrapolate the extremes. This strategy is usually most appropriate

另一個有用的策略是推斷極端值。這種策略通常最適合

for science questions, such as math, physics, cardiology, and the like. Let's say I'm

對於科學問題，如數學、物理、心臟病學等。比方說，我是

between two answer choices, with one answer choice saying Factor X causes an 10% increase

在兩個答案選擇之間，其中一個答案選擇說X因素會導致10％的增長。

in cardiac output, and the other saying Factor X causes a 10% decrease in cardiac output.

心輸出量，另一種說法是X因子導致心輸出量減少10%。

If the relationship between Factor X and cardiac output isn't readily apparent, I'll extrapolate

如果X因子和心輸出量之間的關係不是很明顯，我就會推斷出

the extremes — in other words, if Factor X was blown up in magnitude, would it be more

極端--換句話說，如果X因子被炸燬，它的規模是否會更大？

likely to cause a 1,000% increase or decrease in cardiac output? This helps me more clearly

有可能導致心輸出量增加或減少1000%？這有助於我更清楚地瞭解

For your science tests, the professor will often give you at least partial credit when

對於您的科學測試，教授通常會在以下情況下給您至少部分學分。

you show your work. In these instances, err on the side of showing too much work rather

你展示你的作品。在這種情況下，請不要展示太多作品，而應在以下方面下功夫

If you see a question that was similar to a practice question — let's say you're

如果你看到一道類似於練習題的題目--比如說你是

using the same equation in projectile motion in physics, then think back to what mistakes

在物理學中使用同樣的方程做彈丸運動，然後回想一下，有哪些錯誤的地方

or traps you have fallen for. Maybe you forgot to convert units in the past — don't make

或你已經上當的陷阱。也許你過去忘了換算組織、部門--不要讓

that same mistake now on test day. In fact, you may even find it helpful to write out

同樣的錯誤，現在在測試日。事實上，你甚至會發現寫出以下內容會對你有所幫助

a reminder on your piece of paper saying “Do not forget to convert units!”

在你的紙上寫著 "別忘了換算組織、部門！"的提醒。

Some say to always go with your gut, and to never change answers unless you are 100% sure

有人說，要永遠跟著你的直覺走，除非你有100%的把握，否則永遠不要改變答案。

that the new answer choice is the correct one. I don't necessarily agree with this.

新的答案選擇是正確的。我不一定同意這個觀點。

If I come back to a question and I remember something new or have a different way of thinking

如果我回到一個問題上，我想起了一些新的東西，或者有了不同的思考方式。

about the problem, then I'll reassess my answer choices and go with what I feel is

關於這個問題，然後我會重新評估我的答案選擇，並選擇我覺得是的。

the best choice in that moment, regardless of what I had chosen previously. More often

在那一刻，無論我之前選擇了什麼，都是最好的選擇。更多的時候

than not, this results in me changing to the correct answer.

比不，這導致我改成了正確答案。

What you should not do, however, is change your answer without having a good reason to

但是，你不應該做的是在沒有充分理由的情況下改變你的答案。