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  • For the past five years,

    在過去五年

  • I've been investigating this question

    我一直在探討這個問題

  • of where good ideas come from.

    好的想法是如何形成的

  • It's a kind of problem, I think,

    我認為這是一種問題

  • all of us are intrinsically interested in.

    每一個人在本質上會感興趣的

  • We want to be more creative.

    我們想更有創造性

  • We want to come up with better ideas.

    我們要想出更好的主意

  • We want our organisations to be more innovative.

    我們要我們的組織更創新

  • I've looked at this problem from an environmental perspective.

    我從一種環境的角度來看這個問題

  • What are the spaces that have historically lead to unusual rates of creativity and innovation?

    過去是什麼環境造成創意具有異常的速率?

  • And what I've found, in all this systems, there are these recurring patterns, that you see

    我發現,你能發現在這個系統裏具有重複模式

  • again and again,

    一再地不斷重複

  • that are crucial to creating environments that are unusually innovative.

    並且是形成不尋常創新環境的關鍵因素

  • One pattern, I call the "slow hunch".

    其中一個模式,我稱為"slow hunch" (直釋"慢直覺")

  • That breakthrough ideas almost never come in a moment of great insight.

    由於突破性的創新幾乎不會從一個偉大想法瞬間產生

  • In a sudden stroke of inspiration.

    抑或是一個突發的靈感中

  • Most important ideas take a long time to evolve

    所有重要的想法需要很長一段時間進化

  • and they spend a long time dormant,

    它們在長時間下孕育

  • in the background.

    在不為人知的情況

  • It isn't until the ideas have two or three years,

    這些想法須要兩到三年

  • sometimes ten or twenty years, to mature

    有時候甚至到十至二十年,才能成熟

  • that it suddenly becomes acessible to you,

    它會突然變的在某些程度上對你是可行的

  • and useful to you, in a certain way.

    亦是有用的

  • And this is, partially, because good ideas

    而這是由於,一部份上因為好想法

  • come from the collision between smaller hunches,

    從更小的靈感之間衝擊而成的

  • so that they form something bigger than themselves.

    所以它們形成一個比自己更巨大的東西

  • So you see a lot, in the history of innovation,

    你不難發現,從歷史上的創新案例中

  • cases of someone who has half of an idea.

    某些人只有一半的想法

  • There's a great story about the invention

    有一個關於創新的偉大故事

  • of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee.

    發明World Wide Web(全球資訊網)的Tim Berners-Lee(提姆.伯納.李)

  • This is a project that Berners-Lee worked on for ten years.

    這其實是Berners-Lee做了十年的計畫

  • But when he started, he didn't have a full vision of this new medium he was going to invent.

    當他開始計畫時,他對於這個新興媒介的發明並沒有一個全景的圖畫

  • He started working on one project, as a side-project to help him organize his own data.

    他一開始工作,只是他在附屬計畫中協助他整理他的資料

  • He scrapped that after a couple of years,

    過了幾年後他把計畫取消

  • and he started working on another thing.

    並且開始做別的計畫

  • And only after about ten years to the full vision of the web come into being

    而只有在約十年後他對於網路的全景才應運而生

  • That is, more often that not,

    更多的時候,這才是

  • how ideas happen.

    想法誕生的過程

  • They need time to incubate.

    它們需要時間醞釀

  • And they spend a lot of time in this 'partial hunch' form.

    它們必須花時間在"部分靈感"的形式上

  • The other thing that's important,

    另外一件重要的事情

  • when you think about ideas this way,

    當你用這個方法來看待想法時

  • is that when ideas take form in this 'hunch' state,

    想法在"靈感"的階段呈現時

  • they need to collide with other hunches.

    他們需要和別的靈感進行衝擊

  • Often times, the thing that turns a hunch in a real breakthrough is another hunch

    很多時候靈感逐漸突破成為想法時,是別的靈感

  • that's lurking in someboby else's mind.

    隱藏在別人的想法中

  • And you have to figure out a way to create systems

    所以你需要知道如何想出一個系統架構

  • that allow those hunches to come together and turn into something bigger

    足以能讓這些靈感進行磨合並且形成比自己還要

  • than the sum of their parts.

    更大的東西

  • That's why, for instance, the Coffee House in the age of the Enlightenment

    這就是為什麼,舉例說,在啟蒙時期的咖啡屋

  • Or the Parisian Salons of Modernism, were such engines of creativity.

    或是現代主義時期的沙龍,是創新想法的起源

  • Because they created a space where ideas could mingle

    因為他們創造一個想法互相交融的空間

  • and swap

    或是交換

  • and create new forms.

    和創造新的形式

  • When you look at the problem of innovation from this perspective,

    當你從這個角度來看待創新的問題時

  • it sheds a lot of important light on a debate we've been having recently

    它顯明了我們最近一直在爭論的議題

  • about what the Internet is doing to our brains.

    關於網際網路如何影響我們的想法

  • Are we getting overwhelmed with an always connected, multi-tasking lifestyle?

    我們是否被多面相、多連接的生活方式給掩沒了呢?

  • And is this gonna lead to less sophisticated thoughts

    這將會把我們指引到更淺薄的想法

  • as we move away from the slower, deeper, contemplative

    當我們正遠離較慢、較深、較沉思的

  • state of reading, for instance?

    舉例來說,閱讀狀態

  • Obviously, I'm a big fan of reading!

    我顯然是閱讀的忠誠粉絲

  • But I think it's important to remember that

    但是我覺得我們應該要知道

  • the great driver of scientific innovation -- and technological innovation-- has been the

    驅使科學以及科技的創新是建立在

  • historic increase of connectivity.

    交互連接的增加

  • And our ability to reach out and exchange ideas with other people.

    而我們向外和其他人交換意見和想法的能力

  • And to borrow other people's hunches

    以及借取別人的靈感

  • and combine them with our hunches

    然後和自己的融合

  • and turn them into something new.

    最後形成一個全然一新的想法

  • That really has, I think, been --more than anything else-- the primary engine

    我覺得這實在是,最根本的原動力

  • of creativity and innovation over the last 600 or 700 years.

    對於過去六百或七百年的創意和創新

  • And so, yes, it's true we're more distracted.

    所以,沒有錯,我們更被干擾是一個事實

  • But what has happened, that is really miraculous and marvelous, over the last fifteen years

    但是事實上,在過去十五年發生了非常奇蹟而偉大的事情

  • is that we have so many ways to connect.

    就是我們有很多種連接的方式

  • And so many new ways to reach out and find other people

    也有很多種方法向外找到其他人

  • who have that missing piece that will complete the idea we're working on.

    具有那塊遺失的拼圖─來幫助我們完成我們的想法

  • Or to stumble serendipitously across some amazing

    或是在偶然下發現了驚人的

  • new piece of information that we can use to build

    一塊新資料以使我們足以建造

  • and improve our own ideas.

    並且改良我們的想法

  • That's the real lesson.

    這給我們上了實在的一堂課

  • of where good ideas come from:

    好想法是從哪裡來的:

  • That chance favours the connected mind!

    這樣的機會有利於連接我們的思維!

For the past five years,

在過去五年

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