In today's video, I have a grammar lesson for you, and specifically we're going to look

在今天的視頻中，我為大家準備了一節文法課，具體來說我們要看的是

at copula or linking verbs.

在共詞或連接動詞。

Copula - linking verbs, same thing, different names.

科普拉--連接動詞，同樣的事物，不同的名稱。

Most people don't really know or have never heard of this word - copula.

大多數人並不真正瞭解或從未聽說過這個詞--copula。

Sometimes it's an adjective, it's called copular verbs, but the more common one is the linking verbs.

有時是形容詞，叫共軛動詞，但比較常見的是連接動詞。

And I'll show you in a moment what is actually being linked.

一會兒我就給你看一下，到底是什麼在聯繫。

So, the most common copula verb is the "be" verb, and in its different forms, different

所以，最常見的狀語動詞是 "被 "動詞，在其不同的形式下，不同的

tenses, I should say.

時態，我應該說。

Am, is, are, was, were, etc.

Am，是，是，是，是，是等。

The most common other copula verbs are seem and appear, and you can combine them with

最常見的其他共軛動詞是 seem 和 appear，你可以將它們與

"to be".

"要"。

And I'll show you examples, but appear to be, seem to be, and you can also use this

我給大家舉例說明，但貌似是，似乎是，你也可以用這個

to make a passive structure, which I'll show you as well.

來做一個被動的結構，我也會告訴你。

And look, and then you have your sense verbs.

看，然後你有你的感覺動詞。

Sound, taste, smell, and feel.

聲音、味道、氣味和感覺。

These are also state verbs, and they can also be action verbs, but we're going to look at

這些也是狀態動詞，也可以是動作動詞，但我們要看的是

them as copula verbs.

他們作為copula動詞。

And you'll notice that all of these copula verbs are not action verbs.

而且你會注意到，這些共軛動詞都不是動作動詞。

There is no action happening.

沒有發生任何行動。

So, be careful with these four, because you can use them as action verbs as well.

所以，這四個要注意，因為你也可以把它們當作動作動詞來用。

Like, if you say something, I say "Yeah, that sounds right".

就像，如果你說什麼，我就說 "是啊，聽起來不錯"。

Or, I can sound the alarm, I can "ding ding ding ding ding ding", etc.

或者，我可以敲響警鐘，我可以 "叮叮噹噹 "地敲響警鐘，等等。

So, action - active or not.

所以，行動--積極與否。

And then become and get.

然後成為和得到。

And I split these up for a reason, and I'll show you that reason in a moment.

我把這些東西分開是有原因的，我一會兒會告訴你這個原因。

So, first thing to remember - there is no action involved with copula verbs.

所以，首先要記住--共軛動詞不涉及動作。

What they are doing is they are linking, they are joining or showing some sort of relationship

他們所做的是他們在聯繫，他們在加入或顯示某種關係。

between the subject of a sentence and the subject complement.

句子的主語和主語補語之間。

So, as an example, "He is tall".

所以，舉個例子，"他很高"。

So, if you think about this sentence, a lot of people will think "Subject, verb, object".

所以，如果你想到這句話，很多人都會想到 "主語、動詞、賓語"。

But "tall" is not an object to the verb "is".

但 "高大 "不是動詞 "是 "的賓語。

Tall is the subject complement to the subject "he".

高大是主語 "他 "的主語補語。

Essentially, what this means is he, tall, same person.

本質上，這意味著他，高大，同樣的人。

Same thing we're focusing on.

同樣的事情，我們正在關注。

The "be" verb acts like an equal sign, showing that these two things are the same thing.

"被 "字動詞的作用就像一個等號，說明這兩件事是同一件事。

I'm describing or talking about the same thing.

我所描述或談論的是同一件事。

And it doesn't have to be an adjective, it can also be a noun.

而且不一定是形容詞，也可以是名詞。

A noun can also be a subject complement, not an object.

名詞也可以是主語補語，不能是賓語。

"He is a teacher."

"他是一個老師。"

"He - a teacher", same person.

"他--老師"，同一個人。

Same thing, if you want to think about it that way.

同樣的事情，如果你想這麼想的話。

And that's where the link is.

而這就是鏈接的地方。

So, you're linking subject complements to subject, right?

所以，你是把主語補語和主語聯繫起來了吧？

So, very important not to think of it as an object.

所以，非常重要的是，不要把它當成一個對象。

And the same applies to the other verbs.

而其他動詞也是如此。

"Seem" does not take an object.

"似 "不取對象。

"Appear to be" does not take an object.

"貌似 "不取對象。

All of these do not take an object.

這些都是不取對象的。

Another thing that's very important to remember is that these - all of these verbs, because

另一件事是非常重要的，要記住這些--所有這些動詞，因為

they're not in a subject, verb, object structure, will be followed by an adjective but never

他們不在一個主語、動詞、賓語結構中，會在後面跟一個形容詞，但絕不是

by an adverb.

由副詞。

Okay?

好嗎？

And I'll give you an example of this as well.

我也給大家舉個例子。

Let's look at "seems".

我們來看看 "似乎"。

Another very important point to remember - we treat, except for "be" verb, of course - we

另一個非常重要的點要記住--我們對待，當然除了 "被 "字動詞，我們

treat all of these copular verbs like action verbs, meaning in a third person singular,

把所有這些複數動詞當作動作動詞，意思是用第三人稱單數。

we're still going to add the "s", okay?

我們還是要加 "s"，好嗎？

So, it's very important to remember that it looks like an action verb, but there's no

所以，很重要的一點是要記住，它看起來像一個動作動詞，但沒有

action happening.

行動發生。

Now, what's the difference, the main difference, between a "be" verb and seem, appear, and

現在，"be "動詞和seems，appear，and有什麼區別，主要區別。

look?

樣子？

These three also act like an equal sign, except a "be" verb is stating a fact.

這三個也像一個平等的符號，只是一個 "被 "字動詞在陳述一個事實。

He is tall means that's the fact, tall.

他是高大的意思是這是事實，高大。

"She seems nice" means that it's a possibility that she's nice.

"她看起來很好 "的意思是，她有可能很好。

She looks nice, she appears to be nice, she seems nice.

她看起來不錯，她看起來不錯，她看起來不錯。

All of these mean the same thing that I think she's nice, but I might be wrong.

這些都是同一個意思，我覺得她很好，但我可能錯了。

She is nice - it's a fact.

她很好--這是事實。

I'm not wrong, it's a fact.

我沒有錯，這是事實。

There's not wrong or right, there's is or isn't, as it were.

沒有錯也沒有對，有的是就是沒有，如是。

So, she seems nice.

所以，她看起來不錯。

Adjective describing "she".

形容 "她 "的形容詞。

"She seems to be married."

"她好像已經結婚了。"

So, I'm still using an adjective, but now I'm using "to be", because "She seems married"

所以，我還是用形容詞，但現在我用 "要"，因為 "她好像結婚了"

doesn't make much sense.

並沒有什麼意義。

I'm describing her situation.

我在描述她的情況。

Here, I'm describing her.

在這裡，我在描述她。

Here, I'm describing her situation.

在這裡，我在描述她的情況。

So, I need to put that into more of a context of existence or being something.

所以，我需要把它放到更多的存在或存在的東西中去。

And again, "She seems to be an executive".

又說 "她好像是個高管"。

I can't say, "She seems an executive".

我不能說 "她好像是個高管"。

I'm talking about her situation again.

我又在說她的情況。

Here, it's her marriage situation.

這裡，是她的婚姻狀況。

Here, it's her career.

這裡，是她的事業。

Now, again, very important.

現在，同樣，非常重要。

She seems to be an executive.

她好像是個高管。

Maybe she's dressed in a suit, like a business suit.

也許她穿的是西裝，像商務套裝。

She has a bag.

她有一個包。

She looks very professional.

她看起來非常專業。

Whether it's true or not, I don't know.

是不是真的，我不知道。

That's why she seems to be, she appears to be.

所以她才會顯得，她才會顯得。

She looks like an executive, and you actually add "like" here as well.

她看起來像個高管，你居然也在這裡加 "喜歡"。

She looks like something, right?

她看起來像什麼，對吧？

Maybe she is, maybe she's not.

也許她是，也許她不是。

Keep in mind, though.

但要記住，。

When you say, "He looks like his father", that's a different use of "look".

當你說 "他長得像他的父親 "時，那是 "長相 "的不同用法。

This is more about the actual physical appearance.

這更多的是指實際的體貌。

I can - it's a fact.

我可以--這是事實。

It's not a possibility.

這是不可能的。

But "look like" as a copula means possibility, maybe.

但 "看起來像 "作為一個共軛詞，意味著可能性，也許。

Okay?

好嗎？

Now, sound, taste, smell, and feel.

現在，聲音、味道、氣味和感覺。

You're going to describe how certain things affect the senses.

你要描述某些東西如何影響感官。

So, the song sounds nice.

所以，這首歌聽起來不錯。

The food tastes delicious.

食物的味道很好。

Notice the "s".

注意這個 "s"。

The flower smells lovely.

花兒的味道很好聞。

The cat's tongue feels rough, when it licks me, etc.

貓的舌頭感覺很粗糙，當它舔我的時候，等等。

So, I'm describing sense.

所以，我是在描述意義。

Now, keep in mind that these are also stative verbs, and if you're not sure what a stative

現在，請記住，這些也是定語動詞，如果你不清楚什麼是定語

verb is, Rebecca, who is another teacher here at www.engvid.com , has made a lesson about that.

動詞是，Rebecca，他是這裡的另一位老師，www.engvid.com ，已經做了一節課，關於這一點。

You can look for the link somewhere here to learn more about stative verbs.

你可以在這裡找某處鏈接，瞭解更多關於定語動詞的知識。

These are a part of the stative verbs.

這些都是定語動詞的一部分。

Now, become and get, they're a little bit trickier.

現在，成為和得到，他們有點棘手。

So, I'm going to look at them individually and I'll give you some more examples.

所以，我要單獨看一下，我再給大家舉一些例子。

Okay, so now we're going to look at a few more examples and notice a few more specific

好了，現在我們再來看幾個例子，注意到一些更具體的。

grammatical points.

文法點。

"The house appears to have been damaged in the storm."

"房子似乎在暴風雨中受損了。"

So, right away, you notice that I have the option of using copula verbs in passive situations

所以，你馬上就會注意到，在被動的情況下，我可以選擇使用共軛動詞。

as well.

也是。

You just have to adjust according to the time, according to the situation.

你只要根據時間、根據情況調整就可以了。

Here, I just want to point out a couple of other things.

在這裡，我只想指出另外幾件事。

"She seems intelligent", and "The food tastes delicious".

"她看起來很聰明"，"食物的味道很好"。

Notice it's not "intelligently" and not "deliciously".

注意，不是 "智能"，也不是 "美味"。

So, it's very, very important to remember, just because you have a verb that's not a

所以，這是非常非常重要的，要記住，只是因為你有一個動詞，不是一個。

"be" verb, it doesn't mean that you must have an adverb.

"被 "動詞，不代表一定要有副詞。

Copula verbs are not followed by adverbs, only adjectives or noun complements.

科普拉動詞後面不加副詞，只加形容詞或名詞補語。

That's very important to remember.

這是非常重要的，要記住。

Another thing to remember is that all of the verbs so far, the "be" verb, the "appear,

另外要記住的是，到目前為止所有的動詞，"被 "動詞，"出現"。

seem" and all the sense ones, they don't take an "-ing" form.

貌似 "和所有意義上的，都不採用"-ing "的形式。

Right?

對吧？

Because they're a bit of a state verb.

因為他們有點像狀態動詞。

There's no action happening.

沒有任何行動發生。

On the other hand, "get" and "become" can take all the different forms.

另一方面，"得到 "和 "成為 "可以有各種不同的形式。

And while all of these basically - they're like an equal sign, so the food tastes delicious,

而這些基本上--他們就像一個平等的標誌，所以食物的味道很好。

and the food is delicious mean the same thing.

和食物是美味的意思是一樣的。

This is just a more specific verb.

這只是一個比較特殊的動詞。

And it basically means equal.

而且基本上是平等的意思。

Food = delicious.

食物=美味。

Same thing.

同樣的事情。

Become and get are verbs that are copular.

Become和get是動詞，是共詞。

They're still linking verbs, but they suggest a change.

他們仍然在連接動詞，但他們建議改變。

And this is very important, and this is where a lot of people get confused with these two verbs.

而這一點是非常重要的，這也是很多人對這兩個動詞感到困惑的地方。

Become and get, when they're used in this context, like copular verbs, always suggest change.

Become和get，當它們用在這個語境中時，就像共軛動詞一樣，總是暗示變化。

And it's very important to remember that.

而這一點非常重要，要記住。

"She got married", okay.

"她結婚了"，好吧。

That doesn't mean - there's no action here.

這並不意味著--這裡沒有行動。

"Married" here is being used - it's a participle - it's being used as an adjective.

"結婚 "在這裡被使用--這是一個分詞--它被用作形容詞。

"She got married" or "She was married", both okay.

"她結婚了 "或者 "她結婚了"，都可以。

"She is getting married."

"她要結婚了。"

Now here, I can use this as an "-ing", but I'm still explaining the situation.

現在在這裡，我可以把它當做"-ing"，但我還是要解釋一下。

This is actually referring to the future.

這其實指的是未來。

So, now she is single.

所以，現在她是單身。

She is getting married.

她要結婚了。

She will become a married woman.

她將成為一個已婚婦女。

There's no action involved.

沒有涉及到行動。

She's not getting anything.

她什麼也沒得到。

It's not a receiving verb, it just - the changing situation verb.

這不是一個受用動詞，它只是--變化的情境動詞。

If I wanted to use the action verb, I would just simply say "married".

如果要用動作動詞，我就直接說 "結婚"。

"She married Bob."

"她嫁給了鮑勃。"

It means she had a wedding and put on a ring, signed some papers, got married.

意思是她舉行了婚禮，戴上了戒指，簽了一些文件，結婚了。

Same thing with "become".

與 "成為 "同理。

You can use it in all the different forms, and always notice there's a change.

你可以用各種不同的形式，總能發現有變化。

"She has become too powerful."

"她已經變得太強大了。"

There should be a period here, actually.

其實這裡應該有一個句號。

She has become - it's not a sudden action.

她已經成為--這不是一個突然的行動。

She has become too powerful over time, which is why I'm using the present perfect tense.

隨著時間的推移，她已經變得太強大了，所以我才用現在的完全時態。

And I'm suggesting a change.

而我建議改變一下。

I could say, "She is too powerful".

我可以說，"她太強大了"。

It means it's a fact now.

這意味著這是一個事實了。

She was, or she will be too powerful, all talking about specific situation - has become

她是，還是她會太厲害了，都說到具體的情況了--已經成了。

over the time she has been in this position.

在她擔任這個職位的時間裡。

"He is becoming rich."

"他正在變得富有。"

He's getting more and more money.

他的錢越來越多了。

It doesn't mean he's rich yet, but he's certainly on his way.

這不代表他還沒發財，但他肯定在路上。

His situation is changing, changing.

他的情況在變化，在變化。

"He will become mean."

"他將變得卑鄙。"

When he has more money, the more money he has, the more he will become mean.

當他的錢越多，錢越多，他就會變得越吝嗇。

Like a mean person, because some people become mean when they have money.

就像一個吝嗇的人，因為有些人有錢了就會變得吝嗇。

Why?

為什麼？

Because "The more money he has, the more arrogant he becomes."

因為 "錢越多，他就越囂張"。

And again, I'm using it as a single with the "s" for the single third person.

而我又把它作為單人用，用 "s "表示單人第三人。

But again, change, change.

但同樣是變化，變化。

As money changes, as the money amount changes, his personality changes, right?

隨著金錢的變化，隨著金錢數額的變化，他的性格也會發生變化吧？

So, it's all about change.

所以，這一切都是為了改變。

And this is more like an actual fact, when I use a present simple, I'm stating it more

而這更像是一個實際的事實，當我用一個現在的簡單，我更多的是在陳述它

like a fact.

像一個事實。

The other ones are more a possibility.

其他的更多的是一種可能性。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, these are the main copula verbs.

所以，這些都是主要的共軛動詞。

There are some others, but these are the ones you need to understand to be able to read

還有一些其他的，但這些都是你需要了解的，能夠讀懂的。

and to write especially.

並要特別寫。

Because these are the ones that give people the most trouble, I believe, when it comes

因為這些都是給人們帶來最多麻煩的，我相信，當它涉及到。

to understanding how to use them.

以瞭解如何使用它們。

Now, of course, it's a little bit tricky.

當然，現在，這是一個有點棘手的問題。

"Become", a lot of people confuse the verb "become" with the verb "be".

"成為"，很多人把動詞 "成為 "和動詞 "被 "混淆了。

These are two different verbs.

這是兩個不同的動詞。

Make sure you remember that, because how you're going to use them will affect the meaning

請你一定要記住這一點，因為你如何使用它們會影響到意義。

of the sentence, right?

的句子，對嗎？

Depending on which one you use.

要看你用的是哪一種。

But there, that's a very basic understanding of copula verbs.

但在那裡，這就是對共軛動詞的一個很基本的理解。

If you're not sure and you want a little bit more practice, go to www.engvid.com and take

如果你不確定，又想多練習一下，可以去www.engvid.com，然後參加

the quiz.

測驗。

And of course, ask me questions in the comment section.

當然，也可以在評論區向我提問。

I'll be very happy to help you out if you need a little bit more explanation about this.

如果你需要再解釋一下這個問題，我會很樂意幫助你。

And that's it.

就是這樣。

If you like the video, give me a like.

如果你喜歡這個視頻，給我點個贊。

I hope you liked it.

希望你喜歡。

Don't forget to subscribe to my channel.

不要忘記訂閱我的頻道。

There's also a little bell at the top there at the subscribe, you can ring that and you'll

還有一個小鈴鐺在頂部的訂閱處，你可以按鈴，你會

get notifications of future videos.

獲得未來視頻的通知。

So you can get more grammar vocab and other English helping tools, hopefully.

所以你可以獲得更多的文法詞彙和其他英語幫助工具，希望。

Okay?

好嗎？

Until next time, bye bye.

直到下一次，再見。