But out of limitations comes creativity.

但是，從限制中產生了創造力。

Dr Seuss wrote using no more than 50 different words.

蘇斯博士用了不超過50個不同的詞來寫。

Not in a house. Not with a mouse.

不是在一個房子裡。不能和老鼠在一起

Shakespeare wrote King Lear in quarantine.

莎士比亞在隔離區寫下了《李爾王》。

Necessity is the mother of invention.

必要性是發明之母。

I love that.

我喜歡這樣

It's a nice myth to think of creativity

認為創意是一個不錯的神話

as an endless open field of possibilities.

作為一個無盡的開放領域的可能性。

But the reality is, when people face such a wonderful open field

但現實是，當人們面對這樣一個美好的開放領域時

they might become paralysed.

他們可能會癱瘓。

The growth of the human brain is by growing branches.

人腦的生長是通過生長枝條來實現的。

By growing branches you can make more connections

通過發展分支機構，你可以建立更多的聯繫

and it's by having connections that you can say "aha".

而有了關係，你才能說 "啊哈"。

Now there's an interesting issue

現在有一個有趣的問題

over whether constraints are actually beneficial

關於制約因素是否真正有益的問題

or problematic for creativity.

或對創作有問題。

And I think the answer to both is yes,

而我認為兩者的答案都是肯定的。

both cases happen to be the case.

這兩種情況都是恰好。

There's still disagreement, at least in psychology,

至少在心理學上，還是有分歧的。

about what creativity really is.

關於創意到底是什麼。

It's people making things that haven't existed before.

是人們在製造以前沒有的東西。

Everyday elements but putting them together in a way

日常元素，但把它們組合在一起的方式。

not that is just novel but that actually has a meaning for people,

不是說只是新穎，而是對人有實際意義。

that actually changes the way they see the world.

這實際上改變了他們看待世界的方式。

Most people tend to think that

大多數人傾向於認為

creativity is something that happens to people

創意是人之常情

who have a particular talent.

有特殊才能的人。

There is no such thing as a single gene for creativity.

沒有所謂的單一基因的創造力。

We can distinguish between two different types of constraints -

我們可以區分兩種不同類型的約束條件----------。

the intentional constraints and the unintentional constraints.

的有意約束和無意約束。

These external forces of limitation

這些外部限制力量

and they can be political, socio-economic.

而且它們可以是政治的、社會經濟的。

Being a biracial, black, female artist

作為一個雙性戀、黑人、女性藝術家。

coming from a working-class background

寒門出身

could be seen as a limitation within the art world,

可以看作是藝術界的一個限制。

which historically has been a very patriarchal,

這在歷史上是一個非常重男輕女的。

white, middle-class space.

白人、中產階級的空間。

Resilience comes when you have problems and challenges

當你遇到問題和挑戰的時候，就會有彈性。

and that in turn gives you ideas.

而這又給你提供了思路。

An artist who I very much admire, called Faith Ringgold,

我非常欣賞的一位藝術家，叫菲絲-林戈德。

wanted to make these huge, huge canvases,

想做這些巨大的，巨大的畫布。

in the same way that a lot of men

和很多男人一樣

were making huge modernist works of art.

正在製作巨大的現代主義藝術作品。

But she didn't actually have the space at home to do that.

但她家裡其實並沒有這樣的空間。

And so she started to make these huge quilts -

於是，她開始做這些巨大的被子--。

roll it up and take it to various galleries.

把它捲起來，帶到各個畫廊去。

She's a great example of how an artist can flourish under limitation.

她是一個很好的例子，說明一個藝術家如何在限制下蓬勃發展。

Avoid familiarity and embrace novelty.

避免熟悉，擁抱新奇。

Be it using different materials

無論是使用不同的材料

or a different method or a different process.

或採用不同的方法或不同的工藝。

If you always write poetry, try prose.

如果你總是寫詩，不妨試試散文。

Schedule a particular time

安排一個特定的時間

when you are going to do nothing else but engage in the creative task.

當你打算什麼都不做，只從事創作任務的時候。

And that's one of the ways in which

而這也是其中的一種方式。

people with very little time can write books -

書到用時方恨少

by telling everybody in your family

家喻戶曉

that that's what you're going to be doing

這就是你要做的事情。

you're actually protecting a space for yourself,

你其實是在為自己保護一個空間。

for something creative to happen.

為一些創造性的事情發生。

Start drawing and give yourself five minutes.

開始畫畫，給自己五分鐘的時間。

Do another drawing, give yourself 10 seconds to do the drawing.

再畫一張圖，給自己10秒鐘的時間來畫。

When we are given less time to do something,

當我們獲得較少的時間去做某事時。

usually the most important information comes across.

通常最重要的資訊都會出現。

If you're playing in a band and you're getting really, really stuck,

如果你在一個樂隊裡演奏，而且你真的，真的卡住了。

swap instruments.

掉期工具。

That can create new ideas in your songs as well.

這也可以在你的歌曲中創造新的想法。

Or paint a red dot or a blue line

或者畫個紅點或藍線

in the upper left corner of your blank canvas

在您空白畫布的左上角

and then challenge yourself to incorporate those constraints

然後挑戰自己，將這些制約因素

into the composition.

成的組成。

And even though you may not end up using those particular constraints

儘管你最終可能不會使用這些特定的約束條件。

in the final product, they can be beneficial for creativity

在最終的產品中，它們可以有利於創造

as long as you play around with them willingly.

只要你心甘情願地玩耍它們。

What might happen is that the mere experience

可能發生的情況是，單純的經驗

with playing around with different limitations

與玩不同的限制

stretches your imagination and improves creativity.

延伸你的想象力，提高創造力。