In fact, the extent of lies has been so drastic that you may not even realize you are currently living through one of the most pivotal moments in modern history.

事實上，謊言的程度已經如此劇烈，以至於你可能根本沒有意識到自己目前正生活在現代歷史上最關鍵的時刻之一。

And in order to fully understand what is happening right now, we must go back to the first industrial revolution.

而為了充分理解現在發生的事情，我們必須回到第一次工業革命。

The first industrial revolution started in Britain between 17 60 18 20.

17 60 18 20年間，英國開始了第一次工業革命。

It was defined as a major economic shift, and, according to economists, that requires three things.

它被定義為經濟的重大轉變，經濟學家認為，這需要三點。

One a new way of communicating.

一個新的溝通方式。

In this case, it was the fancy ability to print and use the telegraph to a new transportation mechanism.

在這種情況下，它是一種新的運輸機制的花式印刷和使用電報的能力。

In this case, it was steam powered locomotives and three a new power source.

在這種情況下，它是蒸汽動力機車和三個一個新的動力源。

In this case, it was the burning of coal.

在這種情況下，就是燒煤。

Then came the second Industrial Revolution.

然後是第二次工業革命。

This time it was happening in America mainly, and it started in 18 72 the early 19 hundreds.

這次主要是發生在美國，從1872年19世紀初開始。

The new way of communicating was phones, radio, television.

新的通訊方式是電話、廣播、電視。

The new transportation mechanism was internal combustion vehicles, and the new power source was cheap boil.

新的交通機制是內燃機車，新的動力來源是廉價的沸。

But Of course, they were still burning coal.

但當然，他們還是在燒煤。

Many people don't want you to know this, but you are, in fact, living through a third industrial revolution.

很多人不想讓你知道，但事實上，你正生活在第三次工業革命中。

The new way of communicating is the Internet.

新的交流方式是互聯網。

The new way of getting around is hybrid and electric vehicles on the new power sources solar, wind and nuclear.

新的出行方式是以太陽能、風能、核能為新動力的混合動力和電動汽車。

But since 2016 the top five all companies have spent a billion dollars trying to confuse everybody about these new power sources.

但自2016年以來，前五名的所有公司已經花費了10億美元，試圖讓大家對這些新的電源感到困惑。

And it kind of makes sense because in the last 10 years they made $900 billion of profit.

而這也有點道理，因為在過去的10年裡，他們賺了9000億美元的利潤。

In 2019 they only spent 3% of their $115 billion capital investment in low carbon alternatives.

2019年，他們只將1150億美元資本投資的3%用於低碳替代品。

They suggest that a power grid based off of renewables isn't feasible or is too expensive or would hurt the economy.

他們認為，以可再生能源為基礎的電網並不可行，或過於昂貴，或將損害經濟。

But what if I told you that as of November 2018 everything changed?

但如果我告訴你，從2018年11月開始，一切都變了呢？

This is the moment when renewable energies such as wind and solar became cheaper and more efficient than fossil fuels.

這是風能和太陽能等可再生能源變得比化石燃料更便宜、更高效的時刻。

For example, in 1977 the cost of photovoltaic cells for solar panels was $76.

例如，1977年，太陽能電池板的光伏電池成本為76美元。

Now it's only 50 cents this is all.

現在只有五毛錢，這就是全部。

While fossil fuel energies have reached their peak efficiency, chemical engineers and scientists agree that fossil fuels have matured with little potential left to exploit, whereas wind and solar continue to become more efficient each year.

雖然化石燃料能源的效率已經達到了頂峰，但化學工程師和科學家們一致認為，化石燃料已經成熟，沒有什麼潛力可供開發，而風能和太陽能的效率每年都在不斷提高。

Sorry, but you old now the sentiments.

對不起，但你老了，現在的感情。

470 exit jewels of energy to earth every 88 minutes, which is the amount of energy that all of us combined use in one year.

每88分鐘向地球輸出470顆能量的出口寶石，這是我們所有人一年加起來使用的能量。

If we grabbed 1 1/100 of the energy that the Sun admits, it would give us six times the energy we now use across the global economy.

如果我們抓住了太陽承認的1/100的能量，它將給我們帶來6倍於我們現在整個全球經濟所使用的能源。

If wind farms grabbed just 20% of the wind that currently blows, it could power eight times the current global economy.

如果風電場只搶佔目前20%的風力，就能為目前全球經濟提供8倍的電力。

Thes facts are pushing the whole world to shift into the third Industrial Revolution, and if the 1st and 2nd were spearheaded by Britain in America, it seems that the third is being spearheaded by the European Union and China.

這些事實正在推動整個世界轉向第三次工業革命，如果說第一次和第二次工業革命是由英國在美國帶頭，那麼第三次工業革命似乎是由歐盟和中國帶頭。

In 17 2045% of global total investment in renewable energy was from China.

17年全球可再生能源總投資的2045%來自中國。

China plans to get 62% of their energy from renewable sources in 30 years.

中國計劃在30年內讓62%的能源來自可再生能源。

Europe, currently gets 18% of electricity from solar and wind.

歐洲，目前18%的電力來自太陽能和風能。

But some specific countries are completely committed to pushing these numbers much further.

但一些特定國家完全致力於將這些數字推得更遠。

Germany announced that over the next 20 years they're going to completely phase out cold, and in order to do this, they're going to invest $40 billion in coal cities in order to retrain workers and keep those local economies strong.

德國宣佈，在未來20年內，他們將徹底淘汰冷門，為了做到這一點，他們將向煤炭城市投資400億美元，以便對工人進行再培訓，使這些地方經濟保持強勁。

And Germany has a lot of coal factories.

而德國有很多煤廠。

They currently get one third of their energy from coal.

目前，他們三分之一的能源來自煤炭。

They understand that moving away from this energy source is going to be a huge challenge.

他們明白，擺脫這種能源將是一個巨大的挑戰。

But they realize it is an important thing to do in order to be a competitive commercial country in the future.

但他們意識到，要想在未來成為一個有競爭力的商業國家，這是一件重要的事情。

On top of this, 18 countries, including China, India, France, the Netherlands and Ireland have announced their intention to phase out the sale and registration of vehicles that are powered by fossil fuels.

除此之外，包括中國、印度、法國、荷蘭和愛爾蘭在內的18個國家已經宣佈打算逐步停止銷售和註冊以化石燃料為動力的汽車。

Over the next decade, the Bank of America projects that 40% of all car sales by 2030 will actually be electric.

未來十年，美國銀行預計，到2030年，40%的汽車銷量實際上將是電動汽車。

A big reason for the steep incline in electric car sales is the rapidly declining price of lithium batteries, which cost $1000 per kilowatt hour in 2010 but by the end of 2017 were only $209 per kilowatt hour, a 79% plunge in price in just seven years.

電動汽車銷量陡然傾斜的一個重要原因是鋰電池價格的快速下降，2010年鋰電池的價格為每千瓦時1000美元，但到2017年底每千瓦時僅為209美元，短短7年時間價格暴跌79%。

The average density of electric vehicle batteries is also improving at a rate of about 5 to 7% each year, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

據彭博新能源財經報道，電動汽車電池的平均密度也在以每年約5-7%的速度進步。

By 2025 electric vehicles will constitute 19% of all passenger vehicle sales in China, 14% in the U and 11% in the US There are still a lot of negative environmental impacts of lithium batteries and with electric cars.

到2025年，電動汽車將佔中國乘用車總銷量的19%，美國為14%，美國為11% 鋰電池和與電動汽車對環境的負面影響還是很多的。

If you are charging your car using a grid that is powered by fossil fuels than that electric car becomes a lot less green.

如果你使用由化石燃料提供動力的電網給汽車充電，比起那輛電動汽車就變得不那麼綠色了。

This brings us to a big point of contention in these conversations, which these oil companies spend a lot of money to confuse us.

這就引出了這些對話中的一大爭議點，這些石油公司花了很多錢來迷惑我們。

Me, you about.

我，你約。

And that is how are we going to build a grid that powers our society based on just wind, solar and nuclear?

這就是我們要如何建立一個僅靠風能、太陽能和核能為社會提供動力的電網？

And this part is juicy, juicy, juicy.

而這部分是多汁的，多汁的，多汁的。

Oh boy, Oh boy, Oh, boy.

哦，孩子，哦，孩子，哦，孩子。

Scientists and engineers are very, very shook on this one.

科學家和工程師們在這個問題上非常非常震撼。

One of the most interesting solutions to this grid problem comes down to our very best friend, the Internet, known as the Internet of things.

這個格局問題最有趣的一個解決方案歸結為我們最好的朋友，互聯網，也就是所謂的物聯網。

A future smart grid could connect power sources, computing devices and everyday objects in order.

未來的智能電網可以將電源、計算設備和日常物品連接起來，以。

All collaborate and work together to become the most efficient power grid possible.

大家通力合作，共同成為最高效的電網。

The grid becomes incredibly efficient by sharing information and storing energy from wind, solar, hydro and nuclear.

通過共享資訊和儲存來自風能、太陽能、水能和核能的能源，電網變得非常高效。

A really cool local example of this is wind farms that used smart technology.

當地一個非常酷的例子是使用智能技術的風電場。

So when there's hundreds of wind turbines, they're not working on their own.

所以當有幾百颱風機的時候，他們就不是自己在工作。

They're actually communicating their suggesting how each individual one is affecting the wind and how they can optimize as a group as opposed to as individuals, to be as efficient as possible.

他們其實是在交流他們的建議，每一個人是如何影響風向的，以及如何作為一個群體而不是作為個人來優化，來儘可能的提高效率。

Now imagine this on a way bigger scale on entire countries.

現在想象一下，這對整個國家的規模更大。

Power grid communicating in order to optimize itself in America.

電網溝通，以優化自身在美國。

New studies show that using the Internet of things grid model to connect renewables can increase energy efficiency by 60% over the next 20 years, and now is the time to do it in America because the continued deterioration of your country's infrastructure could result in $7 trillion lost in sales and jobs by 2025.

新的研究表明，利用物聯網電網模式連接可再生能源，可以在未來20年內將能源效率提高60%，現在是美國人做這件事的時候了，因為你們國家的基礎設施持續惡化，到2025年可能會導致7萬億美元的銷售額和就業崗位的損失。

The American Society of Civil Engineers gave the current public infrastructure of America a D plus when I used to get that mark, my perfectionist, but would cry.

美國土木工程師協會給美國目前的公共基礎設施打了一個D加分，當我以前拿到這個分數的時候，我的完美主義者，但是會哭。

The cost of a nervous system that would connect America toe live off of renewables will be complex and expensive.

緊張系統的成本將連接美國靠可再生能源生活，將是複雜而昂貴的。

But public opinion polls show that Americans support more federal, state and local funding to improve infrastructure.

但民意調查顯示，美國人支持聯邦、州和地方提供更多的資金來改善基礎設施。

OK, so how do we pay for this?

好吧，那我們怎麼支付呢？

This is definitely an area of hot debate.

這絕對是一個熱議的領域。

I can already hear the tippy cavities of everyone having opinion on this.

我已經能聽到大家對這個問題有意見的傾訴腔。

Okay, that is fine.

好吧，這是很好的。

There is no correct answer right now.

現在沒有正確的答案。

But after reading books and studies and listening to, a lot of experts were going to go over some options and talk about a few numbers.

但是看了書，研究了，聽了，很多專家都要去看一些方案，談幾個數字。

If a 70% tax were put on the super rich in America, it would bring in between 72 to $170 billion per year.

如果對美國的超級富豪徵收70%的稅，每年將帶來720億到1700億美元的收入。

This is a tax on people who make more than $10 million per year, and again this 70% tax is on Lee on the money that they make over $10 million.

這是對年收入超過1000萬的人徵收的稅，同樣這70%的稅也是對李先生他們超過1000萬的錢徵收的。

I know that people freak out about this idea on Twitter.

我知道人們在推特上對這個想法很抓狂。

I think a lot of it has to do with the thought that maybe taxing these rich people is going to slow down the economy.

我想，這很大程度上與人們的想法有關，也許向這些富人徵稅會使經濟減速。

But history shows that between the 19 fifties and sixties, when the U.

但歷史表明，1950年代到60年代之間，當美國。

S.

S.

Had super high marginal tax rates between 70 to 92% the actual American economy at the time was defined as having strong growth.

了70-92%之間的超高邊際稅率實際美國經濟在當時被定義為有強勁的增長。

That's kind of high, like America.

這是一種高，像美國。

Okay, you need to tax the rich.

好吧，你需要對富人徵稅。

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

In 18 2060 of America's top corporations paid $0 in federal income tax.

18年2060年美國頂級公司的聯邦所得稅為0美元。

That's insane.

這是瘋了。

Okay, Amazon didn't pay any federal income tax in 2018 even though they had $11.2 billion in profit.

好吧，亞馬遜在2018年沒有繳納任何聯邦所得稅，儘管他們有112億美元的利潤。

If you were in American paying taxes in 2018 you yourself paid more tax than Amazon.

如果你在美國2018年交稅，你自己交的稅比亞馬遜多。

I know we're picking on America right now, but you do have extremely wealthy corporations and you don't seem to like the tax love zooming out to look at the world.

我知道我們現在是在挑美國的毛病，但是你們確實有極度富裕的企業，你們似乎不喜歡稅愛放大看世界。

In 2000 and 15 all fossil fuel companies received $5.3 trillion in post tax subsidies.

在2000年和15年，所有化石燃料公司獲得了5.3萬億美元的稅後補貼。

It is a confusing statistic, but essentially it means that your government and your tax paying money actually had to go to funding these rich corporations.

這是一個令人困惑的統計數字，但本質上它意味著你的政府和你的納稅錢實際上不得不去資助這些富人公司。

Okay, I need to say this now.

好吧，我現在就得說。

This is a point where you can get involved.

這一點你可以參與。

We need to be voting for politicians who are going to tax the rich because the eight richest individuals in the world have more money than half of the world combined.

我們需要投票給那些要對富人徵稅的政客，因為世界上最富有的八個人的錢比世界上一半人的錢加起來還要多。

I don't know how else to describe this other than, like, not cool.

我不知道還能怎麼形容這個，除了，不酷。

We also have to vote for politicians who listen to scientists and understand the environmental and economic negative impacts of continuing to subsidize fossil fuel companies.

我們還必須投票給那些聽取科學家意見、瞭解繼續補貼化石燃料公司對環境和經濟的負面影響的政治家。

This means voting for politicians who are open to making carbon taxes that make fossil fuels more expensive while also rewarding green innovation.

這意味著投票給那些願意制定碳稅的政治家，使化石燃料更加昂貴，同時也獎勵綠色創新。

Building out renewables is going to create new jobs.

建設可再生能源將創造新的就業機會。

Which brings us to another point of contention in these arguments and in this discussion, which is about jobs, because if you work in the fossil fuel industry, with climate change coming and shifting the economy, you're gonna have to end up losing your job to start.

這就帶來了這些爭論和這次討論中的另一個爭論點，那就是關於就業的問題，因為如果你在化石燃料行業工作，隨著氣候變化的到來和經濟的轉變，你最終將不得不失去工作開始。

A conservative estimate found that jobs in wind, solar and nuclear already outnumber fossil fuel jobs by a rate of three toe one.

保守估計發現，風能、太陽能和核能領域的工作崗位已經以三比一的速度超過了化石燃料的工作崗位。

But the devastating truth is that people in the fossil fuel industries will lose their jobs, which is why it's so important to help transition them but keep them in the energy sector.

但破壞性的事實是，化石燃料行業的人將失去工作，這就是為什麼幫助他們轉型，但讓他們留在能源行業是如此重要。

These jobs might include building new batteries that are more efficient and can hold energy longer for solar and wind or the construction of more efficient nuclear power plants.

這些工作可能包括建造效率更高的新電池，可以為太陽能和風能更長時間地保存能量，或者建造更高效的核電站。

In Canada, there's a group of oil workers called Iron and Earth who are calling on the Canadian government to help retrain laid off oil workers to put solar panels on top of buildings, starting with public buildings like schools in Germany, they incentivized people by subsidizing green energy and solar energy by using tax subsidies.

在加拿大，有一個叫鐵與土的石油工人團體，他們呼籲加拿大政府幫助失業石油工人再培訓，把太陽能電池板安裝在建築物的頂部，先從公共建築開始，比如德國的學校，他們通過補貼綠色能源和太陽能，用稅收補貼來激勵人們。

This created new industries, and now a lot of early adopters are actually making money by selling energy back to the grid.

這就創造了新的產業，現在很多早期採用者其實是通過把能源賣回電網來賺錢的。

In China, energy is a company that leads the world in thin solar powered material.

在中國，能源是一家在太陽能薄型動力材料方面處於世界領先地位的公司。

They make backpacks and umbrellas in a range of items that allow you as an individual to carry the sun's energy with you and like charge your phone, and this specific industry employs 3.8 million people.

他們製造的揹包和雨傘等一系列物品，讓你作為一個人可以隨身攜帶太陽的能量，像給手機充電一樣，這個特殊的行業僱傭了380萬人。

And finally, in Texas, many people have second incomes from their wind farms.

最後，在德州，很多人的第二收入來自於他們的風電場。

Because Texas is windy A F, it is pretty much like the Saudi Arabia of wind.

因為德州的風A F，它很像風的沙特。

Now it's Chat Cove.

現在是Chat Cove。

It as most of this information on energy is from before this current global pandemic.

因為這些關於能源的資訊大多是在當前全球大流行之前的。

The pandemic has contracted the economy, which means that by the end of 20 twenties, CO two emissions will likely be 8% less than in 2019 a decrease of 128 gigatons of CO two in the atmosphere compared to if there was no pandemic at all.

這場大流行已經收縮了經濟，這意味著到20世紀20年代末，與沒有大流行的情況相比，2019年大氣中的二氧化碳排放量可能會減少8%，即減少128千兆噸二氧化碳。

This is the biggest annual decrease since World War Two.

這是自第二次世界大戰以來最大的年度降幅。

This may seem like good news, but looking at this graph of co two emissions, every downtick is an economic crisis.

這看似是個好消息，但從這張二氧化碳排放圖來看，每一次下降都是一次經濟危機。

That is followed by a steep increase in CO two emissions.

隨之而來的是CO兩排放的急劇增加。

But looking at the 2000 and eight financial crisis we see after there was a long period of flattened emissions, one reason is because 15% of the global stimulus after that financial crisis went into developing and deploying green technologies.

但是從2000年和8年的金融危機來看，我們看到在有很長一段時間的排放持平之後，其中一個原因就是因為在那次金融危機之後，全球15%的刺激措施都投入到了綠色技術的開發和部署上。

We have to do this again now, as we get out of the cove in 19 economic crisis.

我們現在必須再做一次，因為我們在19次經濟危機中走出了海灣。

To do this, we need to create jobs in wind and solar in the US At the beginning of 20 2200 and 50,000 people were working in solar.

要做到這一點，我們需要在美國的風能和太陽能領域創造就業機會 在20 2200年初，有5萬人在太陽能領域工作。

We need financial incentives that help them get back to work, infrastructure, construction, jobs for the grade as well as the Internet of things building energy, retrofits of buildings and public transportation jobs will get people back to work fast.

我們需要財政激勵措施，幫助他們重返工作崗位，基礎設施、建築、職級的工作崗位以及物聯網建築能源、建築的改造和公共交通工作崗位將使人們快速重返工作崗位。

We need programs that retrain and justly move workers out of conventional coal industries into new green alternatives.

我們需要對工人進行再培訓，並公正地將他們從傳統的煤炭行業轉移到新的綠色替代品中。

This will save the inevitable disappearance of their jobs and cool and also help the environment.

這將挽救他們不可避免地消失的工作和涼爽，也有助於環保。

During Kobe, the US, Mexico and South Africa relaxed laws controlling pollution standards, vehicle efficiency and even in the US they rolled back fuel economy rules to commit the nation toe higher transport emissions, which doesn't make any sense scientifically, politically or economically.

在科比期間，美國、墨西哥和南非都放鬆了控制汙染標準、車輛效率的法律，甚至在美國，他們還回絕了燃油經濟性的規定，以承諾國家提高運輸排放，這在科學上、政治上和經濟上都沒有任何意義。

So get ready to vote.

所以準備好投票吧。

You will say it now and say it again.

你現在要說，以後再說。

We need to vote for politicians who believe in science and who use scientific literature to build policy.

我們需要把票投給那些相信科學並利用科學文獻制定政策的政治家。

This is how we catalyze political action toe.

這就是我們催化政治行動的方式。

Understand that a respect for science will protect us against the biggest threats to our societies such as pandemics and the biggest one that is already here and will only be getting worse in the future.

明白尊重科學將保護我們免受社會最大的威脅，如大流行病和最大的已經出現的、未來只會越來越嚴重的威脅。

And we need to be paying attention, Teoh and that is climate change.

而我們需要注意的是，特奧，那就是氣候變化。