On July 19th 2019, it was on its way to Saudi Arabia when it received a

2019年7月19日，它在去往沙特阿拉伯的路上，接到了一個。

radio message from Iranian naval forces.

伊朗海軍的無線電資訊。

Later, the Stena Impero was dramatically boarded and seized.

後來，"Stena Impero "號戲劇性地被登船扣押。

Using speed boats and helicopters Iran's Revolutionary Guard

伊朗革命衛隊使用快艇和直升機。

took control of the British tanker and took it to an Iranian port.

控制了這艘英國油輪，並把它帶到了伊朗的一個港口。

The Stena Impero isn't alone. Several oil tankers have run into trouble in recent months.

Stena Impero號並不孤單。最近幾個月，幾艘油輪都遇到了麻煩。

Already troubled waters were further roiled with attacks on two oil tankers.

兩艘油輪遭到襲擊，使本已動盪不安的水域更加混亂。

Three Iranian vessels tried to block a British tanker. An unnamed US official is

三艘伊朗船隻試圖阻攔一艘英國油輪。一名未透露姓名的美國官員正在

blaming Iran for explosions on four ships.

指責伊朗四艘船發生爆炸。

Iran declared it has seized an Iraqi oil tanker. Plot these incidents on a map and

伊朗宣佈已扣押了一艘伊拉克油輪。將這些事件繪製在地圖上，並

you'll see them centered around this narrow ocean passage — the Strait of Hormuz.

你會看到它們集中在這個狹窄的海洋通道--霍爾木茲海峽。

Dozens of oil tankers pass through here daily each carrying up to

每天有幾十艘油輪經過這裡，每艘油輪運載的油量可達標。

84 million gallons of oil. This flow of oil represents 20% of the world's supply.

8400萬加侖的石油。這批石油流量佔世界供應量的20%。

A former Iranian prime minister even referred to this passage as the jugular

一位伊朗前總理甚至將這段話稱為頸部的

of the global economy. But these ships and this narrow strip of ocean are

的全球經濟。但這些船和這塊狹長的海洋區域

caught in the middle of a struggle – a struggle between the U.S. and Iran.

陷入了一場鬥爭之中--美國和伊朗之間的鬥爭。

One that has the potential to escalate and to choke the global economy in the process.

這種情況有可能升級，並在此過程中扼殺全球經濟。

The strait of hormuz lies between Iran and Oman. It links the Persian Gulf to

霍爾木茲海峽位於伊朗和阿曼之間。它連接著波斯灣和阿曼。

the Gulf of Oman which eventually leads to the Arabian Sea. At its narrowest the

阿曼灣，最終通向阿拉伯海。在最狹窄的地方

strait is less than 34 kilometers wide and oil tankers that pass through here

海峽寬度不到34公里，經過這裡的油輪都是

travel on a pair of shipping lanes each three kilometers wide. Most of these

在一對每條三公里寬的航道上行駛。其中大部分

ships carry petroleum products from the Middle East to the rest of the world

運送石油產品的船隻從中東運往世界其他地區。

and in particular to Asia. But an attack on any tanker here regardless of

特別是對亞洲的攻擊。但是，在這裡對任何油輪的攻擊，不管它是什麼

destination can affect the price of oil everywhere.

目的地會影響各地的油價。

That's because oil is a globally traded product. A drop in supply from the Gulf

那是因為石油是全球交易的產品。海灣石油供應的下降

can drive up prices from other sources around the world. After two recent oil

可以帶動全球其他資源的價格上漲。在最近兩次石油

tankers were attacked in the Strait of Hormuz the price of oil from the

在霍爾木茲海峽，油輪遭到襲擊。

North Sea jumped nearly $2 per barrel. It's because of this strategic

北海每桶跳漲近2美元。正是因為這個戰略

importance that the Strait of Hormuz has become a place where long simmering

霍爾木茲海峽已經成為一個長期醞釀的地方，其重要性不言而喻。

tensions between the u.s. and Iran are playing out. And it all began with the

美國和伊朗之間的緊張關係正在上演。而這一切都始於

Tanker War.

坦克戰。

Saddam Hussein ordered his troops across the Iranian frontier after

薩達姆-侯賽因命令他的部隊越過伊朗邊境，在

a series of border skirmishes. War broke out in the Middle East in 1980 after

一系列邊境小衝突。1980年，中東地區爆發了戰爭。

Iraq invaded Iran. The US helped Iraq and its campaign against Iran by providing

伊拉克入侵伊朗。美國幫助伊拉克及其對伊朗的戰役，提供了

military intelligence behind the scenes. When Iraq wasn't able to topple Iranian

幕後的軍事情報。當伊拉克沒能推翻伊朗的

forces over land it turned its attention elsewhere. Missiles against tankers

它把注意力轉向了其他地方。針對油輪的飛彈

are the weapons that both sides are using to try and break the stalemate in their war

是雙方試圖打破戰爭僵局的武器。

on land. Iraq moved to cut off Iran's main export. It began attacking tankers

在陸地上。伊拉克開始切斷伊朗的主要出口。它開始攻擊油輪

carrying oil from Iranian ports in what became known as the Tanker War.

運送伊朗港口的石油，這就是所謂的油輪戰爭。

Iran eventually responded by attacking oil tankers moving to and from the

伊朗最終作出迴應，襲擊了來往的油輪。

Gulf States some of which were supporting Iraq. But with Iraq being aided by the West

海灣國家，其中一些國家是支持伊拉克的。但由於伊拉克得到了西方國家的援助

Iran had to get creative. It turned to sea mines and planted them around the

伊朗不得不發揮創意。它轉而在海面上埋下了水雷，並在周圍埋下了水雷。

Strait of Hormuz. For the first time Iran was using the disruption of oil moving

霍爾木茲海峽。伊朗首次利用破壞石油運輸

through Hormuz as a weapon. But these disruptions finally drew the u.s.

通過霍爾木茲作為武器。但這些干擾最終引來了美國。

directly into the conflict.

直接進入衝突。

In 1987 the u.s. stepped in to protect

1987年，美國出面保護。

the flow of oil for itself and its allies by escorting tankers.

通過護送油輪為自己及其盟友輸送石油；

Tensions between the two countries began to escalate. In 1988 a u.s. naval ship

兩國之間的緊張關係開始升級。1988年，美國海軍的一艘艦艇。

struck an Iranian mine injuring US sailors on board. A couple months later a

撞上了一枚伊朗水雷，導致船上的美國水手受傷。幾個月後，一枚

u.s. warship mistook an Iranian passenger aircraft for a fighter jet and

美國軍艦將一架伊朗客機誤認為是戰鬥機，並將其誤認為是美國軍艦。

shot it down over the Strait of Hormuz killing all 290 passengers.

在霍爾木茲海峽上空被擊落，290名乘客全部遇難。

Ronald Reagan has issued a statement deeply regretting the loss of life in what he calls a terrible human tragedy.

羅納德-里根發表聲明，對他所說的一場可怕的人類悲劇中的生命損失深表遺憾。

The iran-iraq war ended in August 1988 but conflict between the

伊朗-伊拉克戰爭於1988年8月結束，但伊朗與伊拉克之間的衝突仍在繼續。

u.s. and Iran continued for decades and tensions and distrust grew on both sides.

美國和伊朗持續了幾十年，雙方的緊張關係和不信任感不斷增加。

And a major source of that distrust was Iran's nuclear program.

而這種不信任的主要來源是伊朗的核計劃。

By 2002 suspicions were growing in the u.s. around Iran's intentions.

到2002年，美國對伊朗的意圖的懷疑越來越多。

By now Iran was fighting proxy wars around the Middle East and the u.s. feared an

現在，伊朗正在中東地區打代理戰爭，而美國擔心的是，伊朗會在中東地區發動戰爭

Iranian nuclear weapon could fall into the wrong hands.

伊朗的核武器可能會落入壞人手中。

Iran and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil. By seeking

伊朗及其恐怖主義盟友構成邪惡軸心。通過尋求

weapons of mass destruction these regimes pose a grave and growing danger.

大規模殺傷性武器給這些政權帶來了日益嚴重的危險。

There were reports that Iran had expansive and undisclosed nuclear

有報道稱，伊朗擁有廣泛和未公開的核武器。

facilities like this one in Natanz and this facility in Arak. Finally in 2011 a

如納坦茲的這個設施和阿拉克的這個設施。最後，在2011年，一個

UN report revealed that Iran has carried out activities relevant to the

聯合國的報告顯示，伊朗已經開展了與《公約》相關的活動。

development of a nuclear explosive device. The mutual distrust between the

發展核爆炸裝置。兩國之間的相互不信任。

u.s. and Iran boiled over. They have not found even one gram of uranium to be

美國和伊朗沸騰了。他們沒有發現哪怕是一克的鈾，都是。

diverted to military purposes. Iran has refused to satisfy legitimate concerns

被轉用於軍事目的。伊朗拒絕滿足合理的關切。

about the nature of its nuclear program. The u.s. announced sweeping sanctions

美國宣佈對其核計劃的性質進行全面制裁。美國宣佈對其進行全面制裁

against Iran. President Obama signed an executive order that for the first time

針對伊朗。奧巴馬總統簽署了一項行政命令，首次提出了

specifically targets Iran's petrochemical industry. Iran's oil

專門針對伊朗的石油化工行業。伊朗的石油

exports dropped dramatically and with it Iran's income. The country's economy

出口急劇下降，伊朗的收入也隨之下降。該國的經濟

began to shrink for the first time in nearly a decade.

近十年來首次開始萎縮。

To fight back Iran used the only leverage it had — the Strait of Hormuz.

為了反擊，伊朗動用了唯一的籌碼--霍爾木茲海峽。

Iran threatened to close the passage saying not a drop of oil will pass

伊朗威脅關閉該通道稱一滴油也不會通過。

through the Strait of Hormuz if Iranian oil is sanctioned. And to back

如果伊朗石油被制裁，通過霍爾木茲海峽。並支持

its threat Iran's navy conducted a ten day show of force in the strait.

其威脅，伊朗海軍在海峽進行了為期十天的武力展示。

US naval forces followed suit warning Iran that closing the strait

美國海軍緊隨其後，警告伊朗關閉海峽。

would not be tolerated. The threats are being ramped up over a vital oil

是不能容忍的。威脅正在加劇，因為一個重要的油田被炸燬。

shipping route. The chief of US Naval Operations has told Al Jazeera his Navy

航路。美國海軍作戰司令告訴半島電視臺，他的海軍。

is capable of securing the Strait of Hormuz should it need to. u.s. Navy

有能力在必要時確保霍爾木茲海峽的安全。

and the Coast Guard ships two close encounters just last week. The Strait of

和海岸警衛隊的船隻兩次親密接觸，就在上週。海峽兩岸。

Hormuz was once again a tense conflict zone between Iran and the US but this

霍爾木茲再次成為伊朗和美國之間的緊張衝突區，但此次

time the two countries reached a diplomatic solution. Today after two

兩國達成外交解決方案的時間。今天，在兩

years of negotiations the United States together with our international partners has

美國與我們的國際夥伴一起，經過多年的談判，已經完成了以下工作：

achieved something that decades of animosity has not — a comprehensive

實現了數十年來的敵意所沒有的東西--全面的

long-term deal with Iran that will prevent it from obtaining a nuclear weapon.

與伊朗達成長期協議，防止其獲得核武器。

In 2015 Iran agreed to scale back its nuclear program and to allow its

2015年，伊朗同意縮減其核計劃，並允許其。

nuclear facilities to be monitored in exchange for sanctions relief.

對核設施進行監測，以換取制裁的放鬆。

With sanctions lifted Iran's oil exports picked back up and Iran's economy showed

隨著制裁的解除，伊朗的石油出口回升，伊朗經濟顯示出

signs of recovering until 2018. I am announcing today that the

到2018年才有恢復的跡象。我今天宣佈，在

United States will withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal. The fact is this was a

美國將退出伊朗核協議。事實上，這是一個

horrible one-sided deal that should have never ever been made. Claiming the

可怕的單邊交易，根本就不應該達成。聲稱

original deal with Iran didn't go far enough in addressing Iran's terrorist

原先與伊朗達成的協議在解決伊朗的恐怖主義方面還不夠深入。

proxy groups president Trump abandoned the nuclear deal with Iran and put

代理集團總統特朗普放棄了與伊朗的核協議，並把。

sanctions back in place. The ongoing conflict between the two countries has

制裁恢復到位。兩國之間持續不斷的衝突已

turned Hormuz into a flashpoint once again with tensions at levels not seen

霍爾木茲島再次成為熱點，緊張局勢達到前所未有的程度。

since the Tanker War. Tensions with Iran have reached a boiling point.

坦克大戰以來，。與伊朗的緊張關係已經達到了沸點。

Iran — trouble nothing but trouble. The United States is not interested in

伊朗----------------------------------------------------------------------麻煩什麼都沒有，只是麻煩。美國對

diplomacy period. President Trump says the military was quote cocked and loaded

外交時期。特朗普總統說，軍方是報價上膛，裝滿了。

to carry out airstrikes against Iran. Iran hopes that disrupting the passage

以對伊朗實施空襲。伊朗希望，破壞這條通道

of these international tankers will put pressure on countries to stick with the

這些國際油輪將對各國施加壓力，要求它們堅持使用這些油輪。

nuclear deal while also putting pressure on the u.s. to lift sanctions.

核協議，同時也向美國施加壓力，要求解除制裁。

But without the direct diplomatic contact between the u.s. and Iran each run-in

但如果沒有美國和伊朗之間的直接外交接觸，每一次的衝突

has the risk of escalating into war one that could disrupt the jugular of the global economy in the process.

有可能升級為戰爭，在此過程中可能會擾亂全球經濟的脈絡。

[Music]

[音樂]