"We won't move. We won't move."

"我們不會動的，我們不會動的我們不會動。"

Thousands of protesters gathered in San Francisco.

數千名抗議者聚集在舊金山。

And formed a human barricade around this building to protect its residents.

並在這棟樓周圍形成了人肉路障，保護居民。

"The police are on their way now. The police are on their way."

"警察已經在路上了。警察已經在路上了。"

It was about 11:00 o'clock.

當時大概是11點多鐘。

And some inside person called us and said they must be doing something,

還有一些內部人員給我們打電話，說他們一定要做什麼。

The eviction is probably going to happen.

驅逐可能會發生。

“Hundreds of police in riot gear forced their way into a condemned hotel in San Francisco today.”

"今天，數百名身著防暴裝備的警察強行進入舊金山一家被譴責的酒店。"

“Demonstrators formed a human barricade but it did not prevent police from using clubs and night sticks.”

"示威者組成了一個人肉路障，但這並沒有阻止警察使用棍棒和夜叉。"

“Their orders: evict the last of the people living there.”

"他們的命令：驅逐最後一個住在那裡的人。"

For nearly ten years, this building,

近十年來，這棟。

known as the International Hotel,

被稱為國際飯店。

had been at the heart of a historic battle for fair housing in San Francisco.

曾是舊金山公平住房歷史性戰役的核心。

This is not just an ordinary building.

這不是一座普通的建築。

You know, blood was spilled, battles were fought right on that street.

你知道嗎，血流成河，戰鬥就在這條街上打響。

It housed hundreds of Filipinos who fought for their right to have a place to call home,

它容納了數以百計的菲律賓人，他們為自己擁有一個家的權利而奮鬥。

in a city where they'd lived for decades.

在這個他們生活了幾十年的城市裡。

What happened that night changed the community

那晚發生的事情改變了社會

and the shape of the city, forever.

和城市的形狀，永遠。

While it's is now a part of Chinatown — this area of San Francisco used to be “Manilatown,”

雖然它現在是唐人街的一部分--舊金山的這一地區曾經是 "馬尼拉鎮"，但。

one of the country's first Filipino American communities.

是該國最早的菲律賓裔美國人社區之一。

But it wasn't your typical immigrant community.

但這不是典型的移民社區。

It was made up of mostly men.

它是由大多數男人組成的。

And that stemmed from a relationship between the US and the Philippines that ran deep.

而這源於美國和菲律賓之間深厚的關係。

After a brutal war over a century ago,

經過一個多世紀前的殘酷戰爭。

the US colonized the Philippines and controlled it up until 1946.

美國對菲律賓進行殖民統治，並控制菲律賓直至1946年。

During that period, two major waves of Asian immigration occurred in the US:

在此期間，美國發生了兩次大規模的亞裔移民潮。

first Chinese, and then largely Japanese migrants came to the US to work in mines, factories, on railroads and on farms.

首先是中國人，然後主要是日本移民來到美國，在礦山、工廠、鐵路和農場工作。

But over time both Chinese and Japanese immigrants

但隨著時間的推移，中國人和日本人的移民

faced racist backlash — and were eventually barred from entering the country.

面臨種族主義的反擊--並最終被禁止進入該國。

That created a demand for cheap labor, so the US turned to a new group: Filipinos.

這就產生了對廉價勞動力的需求，所以美國轉向了一個新的群體。菲律賓人。

“For the work is hard. And Filipinos and Mexicans are strong and can do it better.”

"因為工作很辛苦。而菲律賓人和墨西哥人都很強壯，可以做得更好"。

In the 1920s and 30s, the prospect of financial security lured over 100,000 Filipino men to the US.

在20世紀20年代和30年代，經濟保障的前景吸引了10多萬菲律賓男子前往美國。

When the U.S. took over the Philippines,

當美國接管菲律賓。

they were American nationals.

他們是美國國民。

They felt like they were living the American dream.

他們覺得自己活在美國夢裡。

But the reality of it was that they were extremely exploited and wages were really low.

但實際情況是，他們受到了極大的剝削，工資真的很低。

Exploitation had many forms.

剝削有多種形式。

One of the most damaging repercussions for Filipino men settling in the US was isolation.

菲律賓男子在美國定居的最嚴重的影響之一就是被孤立。

US policies kept the workers from bringing their families over...

美國的政策讓工人們無法帶著家人過來......

and also stopped them from marrying white women.

還阻止他們與白人婦女結婚。

They didn't build roots.

他們沒有建立根基。

I call it social castration,

我稱之為社會閹割。

but this was a way of again trying to keep them under control and being able to abuse their lives.

但這又是一種試圖控制他們，並能虐待他們生命的方式。

Then that's where the gender imbalance begins.

那麼這就是性別不平衡的開始。

Many of the Filipino men settled along the West Coast.

許多菲律賓男子在西海岸定居。

In San Francisco, about 30,000 of them, started forming a community here

在舊金山，大約有3萬人，開始在這裡形成一個社區。

on a 10-block stretch — right along the spine of Chinatown on Kearny Street.

在10個街區的範圍內--就在卡尼街唐人街的脊樑上。

It was the start of Manilatown.

這是馬尼拉鎮的開始。

Outside of this area - Filipino workers found it hard to find any affordable housing...

在這一地區之外--菲律賓工人發現很難找到任何經濟適用房......。

and that was by design. The city, at large, was strictly racially segregated.

而這是設計好的。這個城市，大體上是嚴格的種族隔離。

As soon as they crossed the borders of Manilatown

當他們越過馬尼拉鎮的邊界時... ...

— like here, past Broadway and into surrounding white communities — they were shut out,

- 像這裡，經過百老匯，進入周圍的白人社區--他們被拒之門外。

and denied apartments.

和被拒絕的公寓。

And even if you walked two blocks that way

就算你往那邊走兩個街區

you could get beat up, even killed.

你可能會被打，甚至被殺。

They had white vigilante groups that would

他們有白人民團，會

hunt them down, try to take them out of town, murder them.

追捕他們，試圖把他們帶出城，謀殺他們。

That forced Filipino men to stay within the boundaries of Manilatown.

這就迫使菲律賓男人留在馬尼拉鎮的範圍內。

But despite the constraints, they found a way to build a home for themselves.

但儘管條件限制，他們還是找到了為自己建造家園的方法。

By the 1950s, they were part of an entire generation of aging men,

到了20世紀50年代，他們是整整一代老男人的一部分。

who lived out their lives in the US.

誰在美國過完一生。

They were called the Manong generation.

他們被稱為馬農一代。

Manong is a Filipino word. It's a sign of endearment and respect,

Manong是菲律賓的一個詞。是一種愛慕和尊重的標誌。

to an older person

對老年人

In San Francisco's Manilatown, many of the manongs ended up living in residential hotels

在舊金山的馬尼拉鎮，許多馬儂人最後都住在居民旅館裡。

like this one called the International Hotel, or I-Hotel.

像這個叫國際酒店，或者叫I-Hotel。

The I-Hotel housed nearly 200 people — largely Filipino men, but some Chinese men, and women, too.

I-Hotel裡住了近200人--主要是菲律賓男人，但也有一些中國男人，還有女人。

They lived in confined spaces, often in poor conditions.

他們生活在狹小的空間裡，往往條件惡劣。

Even so...the I-Hotel and Manilatown provided

即使如此......I-Hotel和Manilatown提供了

a sense of community, and belonging, to the residents.

居民的社區感和歸屬感；

There were parlors, barber shops, places where people could play pool.

那裡有客廳，理髮店，人們可以打撞球的地方。

Just places they could just call home, be around with their,

只是他們可以隨便叫家的地方，和他們的身邊。

we call them “Kababayans.” Like a brother.

我們叫他們 "卡巴巴人"。像兄弟一樣。

So then the hotels become these places where it's like family to them.

所以酒店就成了這些地方，對他們來說就像家人一樣。

But, their neighborhood was caught in the middle of a changing San Francisco.

但是，他們的社區被捲入了舊金山的變化之中。

San Francisco has consistently been called one of the most expensive cities in the world to live.

舊金山一直被稱為世界上居住成本最高的城市之一。

With the influx of tech companies in recent few decades, it's struggled with massive affordable housing shortages.

近幾十年來，隨著科技公司的湧入，它正為大規模的經濟適用房短缺而苦惱。

But the problems of urbanization didn't start with Silicon Valley.

但城市化的問題並不是從硅谷開始的。

It started in the1950s, with what was known as the “Manhattanization” of this part of downtown.

它始於20世紀50年代，市中心的這部分地區被稱為 "曼哈頓化"。

The city wanted a Wall St — of the west.

城市想要一個華爾街-的西部。

And to make room for it -- they came up with a “master plan” for the redevelopment of San Francisco.

為了給它騰出空間--他們為舊金山的再開發提出了一個 "總體規劃"。

This plan for urban renewal called  low-income neighborhoods "blighted districts and slums"

這份城市更新計劃將低收入社區稱為 "破敗區和貧民窟"

and asked for these areas to be razed and "rebuilt along modern lines."

並要求將這些地區夷為平地，"按照現代的方式重建"。

In the Western Addition and Fillmore districts,

在Western Addition和Fillmore區。

the city evicted around 12,000 largely black and Asian American residents.

該市驅逐了約12000名主要是黑人和亞裔美國人的居民。

And here, in the South of Market area, roughly 4,000 people were evicted.

而這裡，在市場南區，大概有4000人被徵遷。

The residents of Manilatown, right at the border of the growing financial district,

馬尼拉鎮的居民，就在不斷髮展的金融區邊界。

knew they'd be targeted next.

知道他們會成為下一個目標。

In 1968, the owner handed the tenants of the I-Hotel their first eviction notice.

1968年，業主向I-Hotel的租戶遞出了第一份驅逐通知。

The real estate company wanted to demolish the building to make space for a parking lot.

房地產公司想拆掉這棟樓，騰出空間建停車場。

But, the tenants resisted.

但是，租戶們卻不服。

Filipino community leaders and businesses joined the fight along with a growing number of local activists.

菲律賓社區領袖和企業與越來越多的當地活動家一起加入了這場鬥爭。

Estella was one of the young activists on the front lines.

埃斯特拉是前線的年輕活動家之一。

These are pins from 1968 to 1984.

這些都是1968年到1984年的別針。

That's `Ipaglaban` means `fight for` the International Hotel.

那是 "Ipaglaban "的意思是 "爭取 "國際飯店。

After months of protests... the owner and tenants agreed to a new three-year lease in 1969.

經過幾個月的抗議... 業主和租戶在1969年達成了新的三年租約。

But it was a temporary fix.

但這只是暫時的解決辦法。

By the 1970s, redevelopment efforts moved further and further into Manilatown.

到了70年代，重建工作越發向馬尼拉鎮推進。

It nearly swallowed the entire community and threatened the I-hotel once again.

它幾乎吞噬了整個社區，再次威脅到了I-hotel。

All the other hotels where many of the other elderly lived were already being demolished.

其他很多老人居住的酒店都已經被拆遷了。

They were already being evicted. So it was like dominos in some ways.

他們已經被驅逐了。所以在某些方面就像多米諾骨牌。

In 1973 the owner of I-hotel sold the building to a Thai developer —

1973年，I-hotel的業主將大樓賣給了泰國的開發商-------。

and that reignited the eviction battle.

而這也重新引發了驅逐戰。

For the next four years, inside the courtroom and on the streets,

在接下來的四年裡，在法庭內和街頭。

protesters fought three more eviction notices.

抗議者又打了三次驅逐通知。

Asian American groups, religious groups, labor rights groups, and dozens of others all came together

美國亞裔團體、宗教團體、勞工權益團體等幾十個團體都聚集在一起。

— in a show of solidarity — for low income housing.

- 以示聲援----支持低收入住房。

But for Filipino residents — it was also a fight to claim what little space they had, in a city that was trying to erase them.

但對於菲律賓居民來說--這也是一場爭奪他們僅有的空間的鬥爭，在這個試圖抹殺他們的城市裡。

In the summer of 1977, the tenants of the I-Hotel were served another eviction notice.

1977年夏天，I-Hotel的租戶又收到了另一份驅逐通知。

On August 3rd, a news reporter leaked information to tenants and supporters

8月3日，有新聞記者向租戶和支持者洩露了資訊

— that the police might actually be coming that night.

- 警察可能真的會在當晚到來。

The police and the sheriff's department were gathering.

警察和治安部門正在聚集。

It was still a threat, but yet we thought, maybe this is it.

它仍然是一個威脅，但我們卻認為，也許這就是它。

Because if they're gathering somewhere and it's in the middle of the night, it's probably going to be a surprise.

因為如果他們在某個地方聚會，而且是在半夜，那可能會是一個驚喜。

I was the president of the International Hotel Tenants Association.

我曾是國際酒店租戶協會的會長。

I felt that a lot of us felt fear. But I had to calm people.

我覺得我們很多人都感到恐懼。但我必須讓人們平靜下來。

I had to tell them that this is what standing up means, we meant we meant what we said,

我只好告訴他們，這就是站起來的意思，我們的意思就是我們說的意思。

we're not going to move. You're going to have to carry us out.

我們不打算動。你要帶我們出去。

“The sheriffs are simply going to have to drive us out of this building.

"警長們簡直要把我們趕出這棟樓。

That's the way we see it.”

我們就是這麼看的。"

On the night of August 4th, tenant leaders set off a “red alert”,

8月4日晚，租戶上司掀起了 "紅色警報"。

and over two thousand protesters gathered on Kearny Street.

和兩千多名抗議者聚集在卡尼街。

Many formed a human barricade, locking arms outside the I-Hotel.

許多人組成了人肉路障，在I-Hotel外面鎖住了手臂。

While others were stationed inside with the remaining I-Hotel tenants.

而其他人則與剩餘的I-Hotel住戶一起駐紮在裡面。

When the police arrived — on foot and on horses —  they launched into the crowds

當警察趕到時--步行和騎馬--他們向人群發起了攻擊

with batons.

用警棍。

I was upstairs inside the building. And so was Emil.

我在樓上的大樓裡。埃米爾也在。

And we also locked arms inside here.

而我們也在這裡鎖住了武器。

When I started hearing the clack clack clack of the horses,

當我開始聽到馬匹的嗒嗒嗒聲。

that's when I knew that there was

這時我才知道，有

something was afoot.

有事發生了。

It was really scary. We had mattresses on the windows and on the doors.

這真的很嚇人。我們在窗戶和門上都鋪上了床墊。

People were saying, “we won't move, we won't move.”

人們都說："我們不搬，我們不搬。"

Eventually, using a fire truck ladder — the police entered the building through the roof.

最終，利用消防車梯子--警察從樓頂進入樓內。

And we hear shouting and screaming from upstairs.

我們聽到樓上傳來喊叫聲和尖叫聲。

But because everything is closed off, it's kind of like muffled.

但因為一切都被封閉了，所以有點像悶聲發大財。

Once inside, the police were confronted by more protesters — including Emil.

一進去，警察就遇到了更多的抗議者--包括埃米爾。

But ultimately I just got beaten up.

但最終我只是被打了一頓。

Dragged down the stairs, dragged down the street, Kearny Street and dropped off like I was a limp doll.

拖著下樓，拖著上街，卡尼街，像我是個瘸腿娃娃一樣掉下來。

The fact that they're hurting people, that they just hurt Emil De Guzman, chairperson of the IHTA, they're going to be removing the senior citizens who are now in their rooms with medics.

事實上，他們正在傷害人們，他們只是傷害了IHTA主席Emil De Guzman，他們將被移除現在與醫療人員一起在房間裡的老年人。

It's the last stop of the low income housing struggle here at the International Hotel.

這是國際飯店這裡低收入住房鬥爭的最後一站。

After making it through the crowd of protesters, the police used axes to open up the doors to rooms.

在穿過抗議者的人群后，警察用斧頭打開了房門。

In the end, to put a stop to this rampage,

最後，為了制止這種猖狂的行為。

the tenants decided to stand down.

租戶們決定放棄。

They walked out one by one, each elder accompanied by an activist.

他們一個個走了出來，每個老人都有一個積極分子陪同。

By the next morning, the streets were cleared out.

到了第二天早上，街道上的人都被清理乾淨了。

Emil's face was plastered all over national newspapers.

埃米爾的臉被貼滿了全國性的報紙。

This is the actual photo of the eviction.

這是驅逐的真實照片。

I mean the next day you see it in The New York Times,The Boston Globe. I mean, you see this all over the world.

我是說第二天你就能在《紐約時報》和《波士頓環球報》上看到它了我的意思是，你看到這一切在世界各地。

“People carried from the building were young demonstrators who had occupied some of the vacant rooms.”

"從大樓裡抬出來的人是年輕的示威者，他們佔據了一些空置的房間"。

“Tenants were rushed out of the building. Many of them so quickly they left everything behind.”

"租戶們被趕出了大樓。他們中的許多人如此之快地離開了一切。"

But the national attention…was too late.

但全國的關注......已經太晚了。

It couldn't change what happened that night — or its repercussions.

它無法改變那晚發生的事情--或者它的影響。

The fight to save the last remnant of Manilatown, was shut down.

拯救馬尼拉鎮最後的殘餘，被關閉了。

And the I-Hotel tenants, were homeless.

而I-Hotel的房客，是無家可歸的。

The city claimed to have set up replacement housing for the tenants,

該市稱已為住戶設置了置換房。

but there were no such accommodations.

但卻沒有這樣的便利。

That was just a lie. There wasn't any place for them to go. They were kicked out into the street.

這只是一個謊言。他們沒有任何地方可以去。他們被趕到了街上。

We had to find makeshift places where they could sleep.

我們必須找到臨時的地方讓他們睡覺。

Some of them collapsed.

有的人倒下了。

And I think what I really saw more than anything is how broken hearted they were because

我想我真正看到的比什麼都重要的是他們有多傷心，因為...

their family, you know their community was destroyed.

他們的家庭，你知道他們的社區被摧毀。

The I-Hotel remained vacant for nearly two years, before it was demolished.

I-Hotel空置了近兩年，才被拆除。

The tenants were scattered throughout the city.

租戶們分散在城中。

And Manilatown, was destroyed.

而馬尼拉鎮，被摧毀了。

We don't we don't have the presence in this city.

我們沒有... ...我們沒有在這個城市的存在。

We've been here over many over a hundred years.

我們在這裡已經有一百多年的歷史了。

But we're overshadowed,

但我們被遮住了。

we kind of still remain very invisible.

我們仍然是一種非常隱蔽的。

In 2005, nearly 30 years after the original battle for the I-Hotel

2005年，距離最初的I-Hotel之戰已經過去了近30年。

Manilatown and Chinatown activists accomplished a decades-long effort to build a new I-Hotel.

馬尼拉鎮和唐人街的活動家們完成了數十年的努力，建造了一個新的I-Hotel。

Today, it contains 104 units of dedicated affordable housing for senior citizens.

如今，它包含104個組織、部門的老年人專用經濟適用房。

This building carries the legacy of its community, and its struggle…

這座建築承載著社區的遺產，以及它的奮鬥... ...

One that still resonates in a city with a deepening affordable housing crisis.

在這個經濟適用房危機不斷加深的城市裡，仍能引起共鳴。

The failure of the city always was that they failed to build affordable housing, decent housing.

城市的失敗總是在於他們沒有建設經濟適用房，體面的住房。

It's the failure of a system that prioritizes property rights over human rights.

這是一個將產權置於人權之上的制度的失敗。

I feel hopeful because I know that there's a new generation who's thinking about these things.

我覺得有希望，因為我知道有一個新的一代人在思考這些事情。

But it's only possible if you have that idea that housing is a human right.

但只有當你有這樣的想法，住房是一種人權時，才有可能。